Different Degrees Of Humidity Research Articles

DESEMPENHO FISIOLÓGICO DE SEMENTES DE CULTIVARES SOJA CONVENCIONAL EM FUNÇÃO DO TAMANHO E TEOR DE UMIDADE NA GERMINAÇÃO

Quality test protocols for soybean seeds recommend a period of soaking and preconditioning without detailing the size of the seeds to be evaluated, as seeds of different sizes reach different degrees of humidity in each period owing to differences in their initial moisture level and size. Determining the degree of seed moisture during the preconditioning period is important when conducting accelerated aging, tetrazolium, and primary root protrusion tests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological performance of two conventional soybean cultivars (BRS 284 and BRS 511) with three seed sizes (6.0, 6.5, and 7.0 mm) and three moisture levels, adjusted to 10%, 12%, and 14% and a control condition with 8.8% moisture. The experimental design was a randomized block scheme in a factorial arrangement of (3×3)+1 involving seed size and moisture. Regardless of the cultivar and moisture content, seeds with large diameters were more resistant to changes, such as accelerated aging, and resulted in larger seeds and higher numbers of developed seedlings than seeds with small diameters.

Refinement of three-layer model of a damaged human body for the case of changing the moisture of the banding material

The object of study is a three-layer model of a damaged human body. In the course of the study, it was found that the generally accepted three-layer model of a damaged human body is built, in particular, on the assumption that the characteristics of dressings remain unchanged over time. Therefore, the vast majority of modern research in the field of passive radiometry requires the removal of such materials from the human body during the measurement or considers their characteristics to be unchanged and insignificant. Questions of a possible change in the results of measuring the radiation of the human body due to the use of plaster casts of varying degrees of humidity remain almost unexplored. As a result of the study, the mathematical three-layer model of the damaged human body was refined. An element was introduced into the model that describes the dependence of the attenuation of radio wave energy on the relative humidity of the plaster cast. The refined model makes it possible to increase the accuracy of measuring the temperature of the human body, taking into account the time of applying a plaster cast to it. Unlike the existing ones, the proposed model is based on an experimental study that simulates the measurement of the radiation of a human body with a plaster cast of different degrees of humidity. To refine the model, the obtained experimental data were processed by regression analysis methods. The results of processing the experimental data made it possible to establish the specific type and value of the coefficients of the desired dependence. The use of the obtained results of the study proves the possibility of remote non-invasive express diagnostics of the state of the human body in the presence of plaster-gauze bandages. Providing such an opportunity allows disaster medicine workers to increase the ability to fulfill the so-called “golden hour rule”, as well as to clarify the requirements for a medical radiothermal mapping system

Surface Crystallization of Barium Fresnoite Glass: Annealing Atmosphere, Crystal Morphology and Orientation

Controlled oriented crystallization of glass surfaces is desired for high precision applications, since the uppermost crystal layer significantly influences the properties of the material. In contrast to previous studies, the data presented here deal with separated crystals growing at defect-free surfaces in four atmospheres with different degrees of humidity (ambient/dry air, argon and vacuum). A glass with the composition 2 BaO–TiO2–2.75 SiO2 was heat-treated at 825 °C until fresnoite (Ba2TiSi2O8) grew to a significant size. The crystal growth rate is found to increase with increasing humidity. The morphology of the crystals changes from highly distorted dendrites in the driest atmosphere (vacuum) to circular/spear-head-shaped crystals in the wettest atmosphere (ambient air), which we attribute to a decrease in viscosity of the glass surface due to water uptake. The least distorted crystals appear in the form of depressions of up to 6 µm. This has an influence on the observed crystal orientation, as measured by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The pulled-in crystals change the orientation during growth relative to the flat glass surface due to an enrichment in SiO2 at the crystal fronts. This confirms that the orientation of crystals is not fixed following nucleation.

Mechanistic Insights on Spontaneous Moisture-Driven Healing of Urea-Based Polyurethanes.

Self-healing polymeric materials that can spontaneously repair in a perpetual manner are highly appealing to address safety and restoration issues in different key applications. Usually built from reversible moieties that require to be activated using, for example, temperature, light, or pH changes, most of these self-healing materials rely on energy-demanding processes and/or external interventions to promote self-healing. In this work, we propose to exploit rapid dynamic exchanges between urea-based moieties and moisture as an alternative to promote local and spontaneous healing responses to damage using atmospheric moisture as an external stimulus. Non-hygroscopic urea-based polyurethanes with repetitive moisture-induced healing abilities at different degrees of humidity were thus designed through coupling reactions with non-hygroscopic polypropylene glycol and urea moieties. As supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations coupled to local FTIR experimental studies, we furthermore established that the healing mechanism is ultimately related to the formation of water-urea clusters. Obviously, this work represents a platform for designing more advanced spontaneous self-healing materials beyond the present study, which hold promise for use in a wide range of technological applications.

Influence of concrete humidity on the temperature development under fatigue compressive loading

Due to research activities on the topic of concrete mixtures during the last decades concrete compressive strength could be increased significantly. At the same time the lifespan of concrete structures has been continuously extended. Therefore, the fatigue behavior of modern High Performance Concrete (HPC) becomes more important with respect to service life. Previous studies on normal strength concrete have shown that the number of cycles to failure under pure compressive cyclic loading mainly depends on frequency and amplitude. An increase of the loading frequency leads to a higher number of load cycles to failure. Recent research work shows that the humidity of the specimen is also influencing the fatigue behavior of concrete. Conditioning of the test specimen to high humidity led to significant lower fatigue life. Other research activities on high strength concrete point out the effect of the loading frequency on load induced heat effects of the concrete. The experimental study presented here aims on the influence of the humidity on the temperature development under fatigue compressive loading and on the number of cycles to failure. It comprises three fatigue test series at a test frequency of 10 Hz with sealed cylindrical specimens of the same concrete with different degrees of humidity. In addition, destructive and non-destructive tests were carried out on damaged and undamaged concrete.

CALCULATION OF RADON DIFFUSION COFFICIENT AND DIFFUSION LENGTH IN SOME SOILS TYPES

In this study, the effect of humidity on the diffusion coefficient of radon gas and the diffusion length was studied in different soils .We have used a modern device( SARAD German-made)was used to calculate the concentration of radon in different degrees of humidity and temperature. After linking it to the exposure system for radon, which was made by the researchers ,results obtained for soil indicated to a great agreement between the theoretical(predicted) and practical (measured) values ​​of the results of this study. ​​The study also indicated that diffusion coefficient decreased at slightly increasing of humidity by (10% -60%) of the diffusion coefficient results in the low humidity levels, which are less than 40% with a significant increase of more than(10%-60%)for humidity levels greater than 40% .Also for the diffusion length, it decreases with increasing of humidity.

Mechanical Properties Investigation of Natural Polymers

The paper presents a methodology of tests of mechanical properties of natural polymers. Aging test of polymers in an atmosphere of high humidity by using the climate chamber was discussed. The effect of humidity value changes on the degree of compaction was researched for different degrees of humidity. Next part of the paper presents the results of determination of friction coefficient of agglomerated natural polymers. The values of friction coefficient were calculated for different values of polymer temperature. The temperature values were similar to the values of temperature for polymer during agglomeration process.

Water sorption in Nafion® membranes analyzed with an improved dual-mode sorption model—Structure/property relationships

Sigmoid-shaped isotherms for water vapor sorption in fuel cell membranes were analyzed with Feng's new dual-mode model for two series of ionomer systems, Nafion® 117 membranes with different counter-ions and protonated Nafion® membranes aged under different degrees of humidity. Feng's model appeared to be an excellent sorption model for these sigmoid isotherms and the values of its parameters were used for an analysis of the membrane structure/property relationships. The first model parameter, Cp, corresponds to the number of water molecules strongly sorbed in the first hydration shell of the membrane sulfonic sites. The upward curvature in the isotherms at high water activities, reflected by the A′ parameter, appeared to be mainly due to the clustering of new water molecules on those of the first hydration shell. The number of water molecules per ionic site hydration depends on several structural parameters. The counter-ion of high electrostatic power attracts more water molecules per ion site, both in the first hydration shell and in subsequent sorption layers. The qualitative relationships between the membrane structure and its sorption properties obtained by analyzing the New Dual Mode Sorption (NDMS) model parameters make possible different interpretations of several data sets reported in the literature, such as the data on the sorption of different alcohols and the water sorption in Nafion® membranes during ageing.

Recrystallization of snowpack at sites with different degrees of humidity

AbstractThe results of monitoring the rate of recrystallization of snow cover at sites with different degrees of humidity are presented. Observations were carried out at two sites within the same stratigraphic complex of snow cover in the south of Sakhalin island, Sea of Okhotsk. The basic structural changes in snowpack were traced. We determined the rate of growth of the diameter of the crystals in the snow layer. The structure of the snowpack was studied using E.G. Kolomyts’s technique. On the basis of stratigraphic observations, diagrams of the stratification of the snow cover were created, to determine the rate of evolution of ice crystals in a separate layer from its inception.

Identification of the complex relative dielectric constant of porous polymers at different degrees of humidity

Abstract. In order to investigate the complex relative dielectric constant of different materials over a frequency range of 50 MHz to 3 GHz a setup has been built that allows rf-measurements in a climate chamber. Within this chamber the temperature and humidity can be changed and be measured by accurate sensors. The construction of the rf-part of the setup has been made with an outer cylindrical shell that allows climate interactions through its large orifices. Methods for calculating the complex relative dielectric constant from the measured scattering parameters are presented and the changes of the relative constants due to different humidity conditions are shown.

A study of the volume variations in reinforced masonry structures exposed to different degrees of humidity

This paper presents the results of a series of investigations made with different sizes of walls constructed with ceramic pieces, with steel reinforcement set on mortar beds. The produced volumetric changes are analyzed, per periods that vary between five and six months, from the construction of the walls; such are exposed to relative humidity of 95% ± 2% and 40% ± 2%. The collaboration of these reinforcement will be studied, being constructed test prisms with and without reinforcement. The objective of the work is to find intervals of variation of the deformations, considering the relative humidity and the collaboration of these reinforcements, with the purpose of establishing recommendations for the design of the joints, so that the stresses that are generated do not produce fissures and cracks in the masonry.

Der Einfluss des initialen Feuchtigkeitsgrades von Torf auf die pharmakologischen Eigenschaften von Badetorf / The influence of the initial humidity of balneological peat on its pharmacological features

The viscosity of balneological peat got special meaning according to its thermical features. Until now, there has been no answer on the question in how far balneological peat, which is prepared with different degrees of humidity, can vary the pharmacological character. Aim of this work was, on the one hand, to examine which initial degree of peat-humidity is necessary to get the wished viscosity in therapy when diluted with water. On the other hand, how far the pharmacological character of balneological is influenced by the initial degree of humidity. From peat, with initial different degrees of humidity, balneological peat is prepared, fulfilling the demands of the Quentin-Test and therefore the necessary consistence for therapy. Here in this work the in-vitro effect of aqueous peat extract (APE) on the spontaneous contractile activity of the smooth muscle fibres of guinea-pig stomachs was examined. The APE used got initial different degrees of humidity. It was found out, that the ability of peat according to a new water-uptake, with a initial humidity under 60%, was clearly reduced. Because of the reduced water content of balneological peat its thermical features were deteriorated. This goes for peat with a humidity factor < 60%. First, with the Quentin-Test, showing the optimal viscosity of peat before medical use, you can also make statements according its ability of maximum uptake of water, meaning the ability taking up water until it becomes gel-like. Second, the results show that the initial humidity of peat got no influence on the pharmacological features.

Survival cryopreservation of hop shoot tips monitored by differential scanning calorimetry

Differential scanning calorimetry is used for monitoring the survival conditions of hop ( Humulus lupulus L.) shoot tips under cryopreservation. The survival is related to the absence of formation and growing of ice crystals during the cooling process as shown by the absence of heat effect from ice formation. Samples with different degrees of humidity were obtained through a controlled process of dehydration.

Mutation induction in bacteria by freeze-drying

The stability of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) double helix to freezing and thawing both in vitro and in vivo has been well documented. Shikama (13), using thermal denaturation techniques, showed that purified DNA solutions were not affected by freeze-thaw procedures. Ashwood-Smith ( 1) presented evidence of the genetic stability of bacteria frozen and thawed under several different conditions. No mutation induction in Escherichiu coli was evident and no change in a wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance could be demonstrated after a long series of freeze-thaw selection procedures. Swartz (14), however, has published evidence that freezing and thawing ‘of E. coli produced single-strand breaks in DNA in vivo, but this has not been confirmed by other workers ( 1). The best evidence at this time, therefore, is that freezethaw procedures, per se, do not produce genetic damage, and this statement is substantiated by evidence presented in this paper. Genetic changes in bacteria induced by freeze-drying have not been reported, although Webb (16) has published data on the genetic effects of exposing E. co& in an aerosol to different degrees of humidity. The highest number of mutants was observed when the relative humidity of the aerosol was approximately 40%. Bridges (personal communication) has indicated that stocks of freeze-dried bacterial preparations have higher background reversion

The Winter of 1918-’19 and the Activities of Insects with Special Reference to the Clover Leaf-Weevil (Hypera punctata Fab.)

Our knowledge of the factors governing the ability of insects to pass successfully through any given winter conditions is very meager. Apparently some winters are very destructive to insect life and bring about a high mortality in the stages that attempt to survive this period while other winters are favorable to the survival of the eggs, larvre, pupre, or imagos as the case may be. The winter of 1918—1919 was certainly a very open and abnormally warm one all over New York State; but it is apparent, from studies made regarding the effect of heat and cold on insect life, that the comparative degrees of humidity, as well as of temperature, must be taken into account if correct generalizations are to be made. For example, as Pierce says: “A creature which can stand a certain degree of cold at a given humidity may be absolutely unable to stand that same temperature at another degree of saturation or relative humidity.” Thus there have arisen conflicting interpretations of climatic effects on insects made by different investigators in different localities because they were working under very different degrees of humidity of which no account was taken. It will perhaps not be out of place to give a brief summary of the weather conditions from November to April inclusive as recorded by the wcather station at Cornell University: