Different Degrees Of Coordination Research Articles

Розвиток сенсорно-перцептивних процесів психіки в умовах норми та органічної патології (ДЦП)

Актуальність проблеми вивчення сенсорно-пер-цептивних процесів психіки зумовлена необхідні-стю пошуку шляхів стимулювання активності дітейу сучасних умовах буття, а також удосконалення діа-гностики та корекції цих процесів у дітей з особли-вими потребами, як первинних у структурі дефекту. Мета статті полягає в теоретичному вивченніта емпіричному дослідженні особливостей роз-витку сенсорно-перцептивних процесів психікив умовах норми та органічної патології (ДЦП). Наоснові розгляду онтогенетичного аспекту вивченнясенсорно-перцептивних процесів здійснено порів-няльний аналіз їхнього розвитку при органічномуураженні мозку. Визначено, яким чином під впли-вом цих процесів формуються ефекти інших рівнівпсихіки, як змінюється кожний з них і їх взаємодіяв ході психічного розвитку дитини. Представлено результати дослідження такого показника роз-витку сенсорно-перцептивних процесів, як точ-ність виконання окомірних завдань. Аналізуваннякількісних показників вказує на те, що в порівнянніз дошкільним віком точність окоміру в молодшихшколярів підвищується, але характеризуєтьсянестійкістю в залежності від виду завдання. В цьомувіці діти вже здатні встановлювати відношеннярівності та нерівності між об’єктами, але водночаспоказники динаміки поки що не досягають точ-ності, як у дорослих. Окрім достовірних розбіж-ностей у точності окоміру, виявлено більшу неод-норідність групи дітей з церебральним паралічему порівнянні зі здоровими дітьми як у дошкільному,так і молодшому шкільному віці. Це дає підставиприпустити, що розвиток окоміру має індивіду-альні властивості в дітей та пов’язаний із процесомприродного дозрівання. На індивідуальні вимірю-вальні особливості дітей накладаються різнома-нітні порушення сенсорно-перцептивної сфери приДЦП, зокрема, різний ступінь узгодженості роботируки та ока. Висновок. Урахування індивідуальноїспецифіки психічного розвитку дитини щодо спів-відношення узгодженості зорово-рухових функційсприятиме визначенню відповідних засобів корек-ції та створенню оптимальних умов предметної,навчальної та трудової діяльності.

Multi-tier network secrecy in the ether

Communications in the ether are highly susceptible to eavesdropping due to the broadcast nature of the wireless medium. To improve communication confidentiality in wireless environments, research efforts have been made to complement cryptography with physical layer security. A recent view of the role of interference, especially in multi-tier wireless networks, suggested that interference engineering can increase the level of communication confidentiality. The design of interference engineering strategies (IESs) requires a thorough characterization of concurrent effects of wireless emissions on legitimate and eavesdropping receivers. This article advocates IESs for achieving a new level of communication confidentiality in multi-tier wireless networks (namely multi-tier network secrecy) with different degrees of coordination among the tiers. Insights on how IES benefits wireless network secrecy are provided, guiding the design of such strategies for a new level of communication confidentiality.

Biting disrupts integration to spur skull evolution in eels.

The demand that anatomical structures work together to perform biological functions is thought to impose strong limits on morphological evolution. Breakthroughs in diversification can occur, however, when functional integration among structures is relaxed. Although such transitions are expected to generate variation in morphological diversification across the tree of life, empirical tests of this hypothesis are rare. Here we show that transitions between suction-based and biting modes of prey capture, which require different degrees of coordination among skull components, are associated with shifts in the pattern of skull diversification in eels (Anguilliformes). Biting eels have experienced greater independence of the jaws, hyoid and operculum during evolution and exhibit more varied morphologies than closely related suction feeders, and this pattern reflects the weakened functional integration among skull components required for biting. Our results suggest that behavioural transitions can change the evolutionary potential of the vertebrate skeleton by altering functional relationships among structures.

Palladium complexes of a new phosphine-amido-siloxide pincer ligand with variable degrees of protonation

This manuscript describes the preparation of a new PN(H)SiO(H) pincer-type ligand that is based on the diarylamine backbone and links together phosphine, amine, and silanol donor sites. Treatment of PN(H)SiO(H) with Pd(acac)2, (COD)PdCl2, or Pd(OAc)2 resulted in the formation of (κ2-PNSiO(H))Pd(acac) (3), (κ2-PN(H)SiO(H))PdCl2 (4), and (κ3-PNSiO(H))PdOAc (5), in which the supporting ligand displays different degrees of coordination and protonation. In complex 5, the PNSiO(H) ligand functions as a tridentate phosphine-amido-silanol pincer ligand, with additional strong hydrogen bonding between the silanol OH and one of the oxygens of the Pd-bound acetate. Complex 5 cleanly exchanged acetate for a triflate upon treatment with Me3SiOTf, yielding (κ3-PNSiO(H))PdOTf (6). Analogous treatment with Me3SiCl did not lead cleanly to the expected (κ3-PNSiO(H))PdCl (7), but instead ultimately to (κ2-PN(H)SiO(SiMe3))PdCl2 (8). The dianionic PNSiO ligand was accessed by reactions of 5 with base in the presence of pyridine or PMe3 to give (κ3-PNSiO)Pd(py) (9) and (κ3-PNSiO)Pd(PMe3) (10), respectively. Solid-state structures of 5 and 9 were established by single-crystal X-ray diffractometry and revealed square-planar geometry about Pd with tridentate coordination of the pincer ligand.

Variable coordination modes of an active ligand periphery in 1,3-bis(2-pyridylimino)isoindolato copper(II) complexes

Copper(II) complexes of a new family of chiral tridentate 1,3-bis(2-pyridylimino)isoindoline (BPIH) ligands bearing peripheral, potentially ligating ether groups have been prepared and structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction and EPR spectroscopy. The acetato, halogenido, and triflato complexes display different degrees of coordination of the ligand periphery in the complex structure, and the complex geometry varies by coordination of the oxygen atoms of the ether moieties of the ligand side arms. Furthermore, the BPIs may act as monoanionic or neutral ligands depending on the protonation status of the isoindoline ligand backbone. Formation of complexes with deprotonated or protonated ligands may be controlled by the presence or absence of a base during the complexation reaction.

Polymer–cobalt(III) complexes: structural analysis of metal chelates on DNA interaction and comparative cytotoxic activity

A new series of pendant-type polymer-cobalt(III) complexes, [Co(LL)2(BPEI)Cl]2+, (where BPEI = branched polyethyleneimine, LL = dipyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c](6,7,8,9-tetrahydro)phenazine (dpqc), dipyrido[3,2-d:2′,3′-f]quinoxaline (dpq) and imidazo[4,5-f]1,10-phenanthroline (ip)) each with three different degrees of coordination have been synthesized and characterized. Studies to know the mode and strength of interaction between these polymer–metal complexes and calf thymus DNA have been performed by UV–Visible absorption and emission techniques. Among these series, each polymer metal complex having higher binding strength with DNA has been selected to test against human cancer/normal cell lines. On the basis of these spectral studies, it is proposed that our polymer–metal complexes bind with DNA mainly through intercalation along with some electrostatic binding. The order of binding strength for the complexes with ligand, dpqc > dpq > ip. The analysis of the results suggests that polymer–cobalt(III) complexes with higher degree of coordination effectively binds with DNA due to the presence of large number of positively charged cobalt(III) chelates in the polymer chain which cooperatively act to increase the overall binding strength. These polymer–cobalt(III) complexes with hydrophobic ligands around the cobalt(III) metal centre favour the base stacking interactions via intercalation. All the complexes show very good anticancer activities and increasing of binding strength results in higher inhibition value. The polymer–cobalt(III) complex with dpqc ligand possess two fold increased anticancer activity when compared to complexes with other ligands against MCF-7 cells. Besides, the complexes were insensitive towards the growth of normal cells (HEK-293) at the IC50 concentration.

Multi-antenna transmission for underlay and overlay cognitive radio with explicit message-learning phase

We consider the coexistence of a multiple-input multiple-output secondary system with a multiple-input single-output primary link with different degrees of coordination between the systems. First, for the uncoordinated underlay cognitive radio scenario, we fully characterize the optimal parameters that maximize the secondary rate subject to a primary rate constraint for a transmission strategy that combines rate splitting and interference cancellation. Second, we establish a model for the coordinated overlay cognitive radio scenario that consists of a message-learning phase followed by a communication phase. We then propose a transmission strategy that combines techniques for cooperative communication and for the classical cognitive radio channel. We optimize our system to maximize the rate of communication for the secondary users under a primary-user rate constraint and find efficient algorithms to compute the optimal system parameters. Finally, we compare both cognitive radio strategies to assess their relative merits and to evaluate the effect of the message-learning phase. We observe that for closely located transmitters, the overlay strategy outperforms the underlay strategy. In this situation, learning the primary message is very beneficial for the secondary systems, especially if they are interference-limited rather than power-limited. The situation is reversed when the distance between the transmitters is large. In either case, we observe that there is room for significant improvement if the transmitter implements both strategies and decides adaptively which one to use according to the channel conditions. We conclude our work with a discussion on the extension to the coexistence with multiple-input multiple-output primaries.

The Benefit of Coordinating Congestion Management in Germany

The management of congestion within the German electricity transmission network has become more important during the last years. This emerging relevance is caused by the increase of renewable generation and the partial phaseout of nuclear power plants. Both developments yield a change in the transmission flow pattern and thus the need for congestion management. Currently, four German transmission system operators (TSOs) are in charge of managing congestion using curative methods, particularly re-dispatch of power plants. However, the existence of four TSOs within Germany induces the question whether coordination between them in managing national congestion would be beneficial. To address this issue, we apply a generalized Nash equilibrium model to analyze different degrees of coordination, covering the German electricity market with a detailed representation of the generation and network structure. Our results indicate that the costs of congestion management decrease in a rising degree of coordination as TSOs take into account congestion in other operators' zones. Total costs are highest in case each TSO is solely responsible for its own zone, and lowest if one integrated entity is in charge of mitigating congestion. We conclude that, in a setup with multiple TSOs, inducing coordination, for instance through a common market, has the potential of lowering the overall costs of congestion management.

Degrees of Coordination in Market Coupling and Counter-Trading

Cross-border trade remains a contentious issue in the restructuring of the European electricity market. This paper analyzes the cross-border trade problem through a set of models that represent different degrees of coordination both between the energy and the transmission markets and among national Transmission System Operators (TSOs). We first present a nodal price-like organization of the system, where Power Exchanges (PXs) and Transmission System Operators are integrated to operate the energy and transmission markets. This system is not implemented in Europe but its success elsewhere makes it the natural reference for the study. We then move to a more realistic representation of the European electricity market based on the so-called market coupling design where energy and transmission are operated separately by PXs and TSOs. We consider different degrees of coordination of the national TSOs’ activities to assess the range of inefficiencies that the lack of integration can lead to. The paper supposes price taking agents and hence leaves aside the incentive to game the system induced by zonal systems.

Age-related changes in the spatiotemporal structure of simple cyclical graphic movements performed at the maximal rate: I. The increase in the movement rate is accounted for by reduction of the number of submovements in a movement cycle

Right-handed subjects from four age groups, including children aged 5–6, 8–9, and 11–12 years and adults, performed simple cyclical graphic movements of different degrees of coordination and serial complexity at the maximum possible rate with the right and left hands holding the stylus either with their fingers or in the fist. The period of the cyclical movement decreased with age, the decrease depending on which hand (the right or the left) was used and how the stylus was held. The frequency of submovements only slightly depended on the age, was the same for the right and left hands, but did not depend on the type of movement or the way of holding the stylus. The age-related increase in the maximal rate of graphic movements may have been almost entirely accounted for by a decrease in the number of submovements constituting the movement cycle. The results are discussed in terms of the notion of submovements as “elementary units” of graphic movements.

Multiple-species conservation planning for European wetlands with different degrees of coordination

Selection and establishment of reserves was often done unplanned and uncoordinated between regions. Systematic conservation planning provides tools to identify optimally located priority areas for conservation. Planning for multiple species promises adequate provision for the needs of a range of threatened species simultaneously. Several studies apply the set-covering problem by minimizing resources for given conservation targets of multiple species. We extend this method by also considering different degrees of coordination in multiple-species conservation planning and representing reserve sizes endogenously. A deterministic, spatially explicit programming model solved with mixed integer programming is used to represent minimum habitat area thresholds for all included biodiversity features. The empirical model application to European wetland species addresses five different scenarios of coordination in conservation planning, including taxonomic, political, and biogeographical coordination of planning. Our approach illustrates and quantifies the efficiency of multi-species conservation activities. We show that maximum coordination in conservation planning enhances area efficiency by 30% compared to no coordination. Furthermore, strong coordination in conservation planning does not only reduce the area requirement, but synergy effects even enable the conservation features to achieve higher conservation objectives. Spatial subdivision of planning, however, leads to highest area requirements and less conservation target achievement.

Selection of control structure for distributed model predictive control in the presence of model errors

This paper presents a new methodology for selecting control structure in the context of distributed model predictive control. An index was developed to quantify the performance of distributed MPC strategies in the presence of model errors. This index was used for two purposes: to solve the decomposition problem whereby the process is decomposed into parts and to compare distributed MPC strategies with different degrees of coordination. Then, a multi-objective Mixed Integer Nonlinear Programming MINLP formulation is proposed to achieve an optimal trade-off between performance and structure simplicity. Four examples are considered to illustrate the methodology. The simulation results are consistent with the conclusions obtained from the analysis. The proposed methodology can be applied at the design stage to select the best control configuration in the presence of model errors.

ZooBank: Developing a nomenclatural tool for unifying 250 years of biological information

Nomenclature represents the backbone upon which virtually all biological information is organized. However, the practice of zoological nomenclature has changed relatively little since its start in 1758. As modern technology changes the paradigm under which modern scientists exchange information, there is increasing need to capitalize on these same technologies to fortify nomenclature. ZooBank has been proposed as the official registry of names and nomenclatural acts, in zoology, as well as associated published works and their authors, and type specimens. Having a coordinated registry of zoological names, integrated with the existing Code of Zoological Nomenclature, will allow increased efficiency of communication among biologists, and enhanced stability of names. Such a registry would encompass two distinct realms, each with their own set of challenges. Retrospective registration involves the monumental task of aggregating and validating two and a half centuries of existing names, whereas prospective registration must be tightly integrated with the future paradigm in which scientific names are created and managed under new models of publication. The prototype of ZooBank has been hosted at Bishop Museum during its initial development phase. Following the lead of standard-setting bodies in biodiversity informatics, Life Science Identifiers (LSIDs) have been selected for use as the globally unique identifiers for ZooBank registration entries. The first ZooBank LSIDs were issued on January 1 st , 2008, and included five new fish species described in a work published that same day, as well as all 4,819 names established in the 10 th Edition of Linnaeus’ Systema Naturae. Three alternate scenarios for implementing mandatory registration in ZooBank have been articulated, each incorporating different degrees of coordination between published works and registration events. A robust discussion involving a broad spectrum of practicing zoological taxonomists is required over the next several years to define the specific implementation aspects of ZooBank.

DEA-like models for the efficiency evaluation of hierarchically structured units

The knowledge of the internal structure of decision making units (DMUs) gives further insights with respect to the “black box” perspective when considering data envelopment analysis models. We present one-level and two-level hierarchical structures of the DMUs under evaluation. Each unit is composed of consecutive stages of parallel subunits all with constant returns to scale. In particular, the maximization of the relative efficiency of a DMU is studied. For the two-stage situation, different degrees of coordination among the subunits of the hierarchical levels are discussed. When some form of coordination has to be guaranteed, we introduce balancing constraints and we compare two different models. In both cases, we prove that the maximum relative efficiency of a DMU is assessed by comparing it with all the existing subunits.