Different Degrees Of Increase Research Articles

Coefficient of variation method combined with XGboost ensemble model for wheat growth monitoring.

Obtaining wheat growth information accurately and efficiently is the key to estimating yields and guiding agricultural development. This paper takes the precision agriculture demonstration area of Jiaozuo Academy of Agriculture and Forestry in Henan Province as the research area to obtain data on wheat biomass, nitrogen content, chlorophyll content, and leaf area index. By using the coefficient of variation method, a Comprehensive Growth Monitoring Indicator (CGMI) was constructed to perform fractional derivative processing on drone spectral data, and correlation analysis was performed on the fractional derivative spectra with a single indicator and CGMI, respectively. Then, grey correlation analysis was carried out on differential spectral bands with high correlation, the grey correlation coefficients between differential spectral bands were calculated, and spectral bands with high correlation were screened and taken as input variables for the model. Next, ridge regression, random forest, and XGboost models were used to establish a wheat CGMI inversion model, and the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean squared error (RMSE) were adopted for accuracy evaluation to optimize the wheat optimal growth inversion model. The results of the study show that: using the data of wheat biomass, nitrogen content, chlorophyll content and leaf area index to construct the comprehensive growth monitoring indicators, the correlation between the wheat growth monitoring indicators and the spectra was calculated, and the results showed that the correlation between the comprehensive growth monitoring indicators and the single indicator correlation had different degrees of increase, and the growth rate could reach 82.22%. The correlation coefficient between the comprehensive growth monitoring indexes and the differential spectra reached 0.92 at the flowering stage, and compared with the correlation coefficient with the original spectra at the same period, the correlation coefficients increased to different degrees, which indicated that the differential processing of spectral data could effectively enhance the spectral correlation. The three models of Random Forest, Ridge Regression and XGBoost were used to construct the wheat growth inversion model with the best effect at the flowering stage, and the XGBoost model had the highest inversion accuracy when comparing in the same period, with the training and test sets reaching 0.904 and 0.870, and the RMSEs were 0.050 and 0.079, so that the XGBoost model can be used as an effective method of monitoring the growth of wheat. To sum up, this study demonstrates that the combination of constructing comprehensive growth monitoring indicators and differential processing spectra can effectively improve the accuracy of wheat growth monitoring, bringing new methods for precision agriculture management.

Study on development methods of different types of gas wells in tight sandstone gas reservoirs

Reasonable production allocation of tight sandstone gas reservoirs is an important basis for efficient development of gas wells. Taking Block XX in Ordos Basin as an example, the modified flowing material balance equation was established considering the variation of gas viscosity and compression coefficient, the advantages and disadvantages of the method were discussed, and a reasonable production allocation process for gas wells was developed. The results show that: ① The commonly used flow material balance method ignores the change of natural gas compression coefficient, viscosity and deviation coefficient in the production process. The slope of the relationship curve between bottom hole pressure and cumulative production and the slope of the relationship curve between average formation pressure and cumulative production are not equal After considering this change. Compared with the results calculated by the material balance method, the results calculated by the flow material balance method are smaller. ② The production of 660 gas wells in the study area during stable production period is verified. Compared with the open flow method, the dynamic reserve allocation method is better, with an error of 0.06%. ③ The new method in this paper is used to allocate production for different types of gas wells. The cumulative production of different types of gas wells shows different degrees of increase. The I, II, III and IV types of gas wells increase by 32.26%, 30.29%, 23.58% and 25.07% respectively. This study provides technical support for dynamic reserve calculation and reasonable production allocation of gas wells in the study area, and has important guiding significance for the formulation of reasonable development plan and economic and efficient development of tight sandstone gas reservoirs.

Effect of Body Weight and Obesity on Esophageal Function.

The incidence of obesity in the population is gradually increasing. Obesity can cause a variety of complications in the digestive system such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, and impacts the integrity of the esophageal mucosal barrier and esophageal motility. However, not many studies have focused on the effect of varying degrees of obesity on the esophagus. A total of 611 participants were included in this study. We divided them into three groups according to their body mass index (BMI): the normal weight group, the overweight group, and the obesity group. We performed a retrospective comparison between groups based on indicators from high resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) and 24-hour pH impedance monitoring, and did a correlation analysis on multiple indicators such as esophageal mucosal barrier, esophageal motility, and acid reflux. The mean nocturnal baseline impedance (MNBI) in the overweight and obesity groups was lower than that in the normal group. The MNBI of the subjects in Z5-Z6 channels in the overweight group was significantly lower than that in the normal group. With respect to Z3-Z6 channels, MNBI values in the obesity group were significantly lower than those in the normal group. 'The acid exposure time (AET), the DeMeester scores (DMS) and 24-hour total reflux episodes was significantly higher in the obesity group than those in the normal and overweight groups. The upper esophageal sphincter (UES) residual pressure, and intrabolus pressure (IBP) in the overweight and obesity groups were significantly higher than those in the normal group. In addition, lower esophageal sphincter (LES) resting pressure, and esophagogastric junction contractile integral (EGJ-CI) in the obesity group were significantly higher than those in the normal group. We found that increase in body weight affected the integrity of esophageal mucosa, and different degrees of increase associated with different degrees and different aspects of changes in esophageal motility.

Thermodynamic Analysis of In Situ Underground Pyrolysis of Tar-Rich Coal: Primary Reactions.

In situ underground pyrolysis of tar-rich coal is significant for alleviating the scarcity of oil and gas resources and realizing the green and efficient development and utilization of coal in China. Tar-rich coal is often subjected to high axial pressure, surrounding pressure, and pore pressure in the in situ underground pyrolysis environment. Consequently, laboratory simulation conditions are difficult to meet the actual needs. This paper conducts a thermodynamic study of the pyrolysis characteristics of tar-rich coal under an in situ environment. Typical thermodynamic functions of tar-rich coal, including the standard enthalpy of formation, standard formation Gibbs free energy, and standard entropy, were determined. Ten representative primary reactions were constructed with typical tar-rich coal pyrolysis oil components as a guide. The Gibbs free energy and equilibrium constant change laws of the above reactions were analyzed for pyrolysis temperatures from 200 to 800 °C and pyrolysis pressures from atmospheric pressure to 10 MPa. The results showed that the standard enthalpy of formation of tar-rich coal was -72.27 kJ·mol-1, the standard entropy was -37.79 J·mol-1·K-1, and the standard formation Gibbs free energy was -60.01 kJ·mol-1. When the reaction pressure increased from atmospheric pressure to 10 MPa, the thermodynamically feasible initial temperature fractions of the primary reaction of tar-rich coal pyrolysis all showed different degrees of increase. In the underground environment, the initial temperature of the primary reaction of in situ underground pyrolysis of tar-rich coal moves to a higher-temperature gradient to some extent, so the adjustment of the reaction temperature and pressure could guide the directional regulation of the in situ underground pyrolysis products of tar-rich coal.

Bifunctional modification of cotton fabrics treated with a novel polysiloxane-based polymer: Flame-retardant and hydrophobic properties

Single-function textile auxiliaries are gradually unable to meet the requirements of the consumer market. Here, a novel polysiloxane-based polymer (HSCP) toward flame-retardant and hydrophobic bifunctional modification of cotton fabrics was synthesized using hydrogen-containing silicone oil and 3-(Dimethylphosphono)-N-methylolpropionamide as raw materials. The results of the Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) confirmed that HSCP was processed to surface of cotton fabrics. For all treated cotton fabrics, their limiting oxygen index (LOI) values and damage lengths after the vertical burning test showed different degrees of increase and decrease, respectively, in terms of flame retardancy. Thermogravimetric (TG) and cone calorimetry tests showed that the thermal degradation process and combustion pathway of all treated cotton fabrics were significantly changed in comparison to the previous state. Moreover, the water contact angle test of cotton fabrics before and after treatment indicated that HSCP was also equipped with hydrophobic property. It was found that the water contact angles of cotton fabrics treated with 250 g/L, 350 g/L and 450 g/L of HSCP were enhanced to 140°, 150° and 158°, respectively. Overall, the analysis of these results identifies that HSCP has both flame retardant and hydrophobic functions on cotton fabrics.

Separating the Precipitation‐ and Non‐Precipitation‐ Driven Water Storage Trends in China

AbstractTerrestrial water storage (TWS) is a critical component for sustainable societal development and ecosystem cycles. The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellites have tracked changes in global TWS under the combined effects of various factors with unprecedented accuracy since 2002. In this study, we separate the trends in TWS driven by precipitation and non‐precipitation factors for the Chinese mainland from 2003 to 2016 based on the statistical reconstruction method and linear regression and analyze the driving mechanisms combining with multi‐source data. The results show that: (a) during the study period, TWS shows different degrees of increase in most of the Yangtze River basin, the northern part of the Tibetan Plateau, and part of the Heilongjiang Province, while TWS shows a significant decrease in the Tien Shan Mountains, the southeastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, and the North China Plain; (b) precipitation is one of the dominant factors leading to the rise of TWS, and the construction of reservoirs and dams also contributes. In contrast, anthropogenic activities (agricultural irrigation, industrial water use, etc.) and accelerated glacial melting due to global warming are the dominant factors in the decline of water storage; (c) the contribution of long‐term precipitation change to water storage is significantly larger in the northern China region (north of the 800 mm isopleth). This study provides a feasible method for quantifying the contribution of precipitation and non‐precipitation factors to TWS, which is meaningful for understanding the impact of climate change and anthropogenic factors on water resources.

Paced breathing and respiratory movement responses evoked by bidirectional constant current stimulation in anesthetized rabbits.

Objective: Diaphragm pacing (DP) is a long-term and effective respiratory assist therapy for patients with central alveolar hypoventilation and high cervical spinal cord injury. The existing DP system has some limitations, especially high price, inconvenience preoperative evaluation methods and diaphragm fatigue easily. Our objective was to develop a DP system and evaluated reliability through hardware testing and animal experiments. Methods: A DP system with bidirectional constant current was designed, manufactured and tested. Effects of a wide range of stimulus amplitudes (range: .5-2.5mA) and frequencies (range: 10-250Hz) on airflow and corresponding inspired volume were investigated during DP. Differences in airflow characteristics under various stimulation parameters were evaluated using power function. ECG interference in diaphragm electromyography (EMGdi) was filtered out using stationary wavelet transform to obtain pure EMGdi (EMGdip). 80-min period with a tendency for diaphragm fatigue by root mean square (RMS) and centroid frequency (f c ) of EMGdip was studied. Results: The increase of stimulus frequency and amplitude in animals resulted in different degrees of increase in envoked volume. Significant difference in Airflow Index (b) between anesthesia and DP provided a simple, non-invasive and feasible solution for phrenic nerve conduction function test. Increased stimulation duration with the developed DP system caused less diaphragm fatigue. Conclusion: A modular, inexpensive and reliable DP was successfully developed. Its effectiveness was confirmed in animal experiments. Significance: This study is useful for design of future implantable diaphragmatic pacemakers for improving diaphragm fatigue and convenient assessment of respiratory activity in experiments.

Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy in Brazilian children: Clinical, histological and molecular characterization.

Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMD) are a heterogeneous group of genetic muscular disorders, involving autosomal recessive and dominant forms, that clinically are characterized by progressive muscular weakness of proximal predominance, generally starting in the pelvic girdle and, later, in the shoulder girdle, frequently associated with other clinical signs such as calf hypertrophy, joint retractions and skeletal deformities such as winging scapula and scoliosis. The distal muscles may be affected, but usually only late in the progression of the disease. Involvement of respiratory muscles and cardiac muscles is described in many forms of the disease. Different degrees of increase in the serum level of creatine kinase (CK) are observed and, sporadically, there is involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) and gastrointestinal tract . Autosomal recessive forms are far more common than autosomal dominant, particularly in children. Significant overlap of clinical phenotypes, with genetic and clinical heterogeneity, constitutes the rule for this group of diseases. Muscle biopsies are useful for histopathologic and immunohistochemical studies and the confirmatory toll is the molecular test . This retrospective study had the objective to investigate the frequency of different subtypes of limb-girdle muscular dystrophy in children from a population from a large public teaching hospital serving the country, describing the clinical and histological aspects of the different forms.

English

The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of drought stress on yield, physiological and biochemical indexes and changes of ecological parameters of artificially cultivated Pinellia ternata. Pinellia ternata were taken from four regions including Changde, Fuling, Ziyang and Bijie. A 75%, 65%, and 55% field water capacity processing were set under the same planting conditions and changes in morphology, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity and final yield of Pinellia ternata during the 80-day growth period was determined. Results of current study explored that when the field water capacity drops from 75% to 55%, the leaf area of Bijie Pinellia ternate decreased from 15.29 cm2 to 10.88 cm2 while Ziyang Pinellia ternate tuber fresh weight decreased from 2.58 g to 1.48 g. The content of chlorophyll a in Bijie Pinellia ternate decreased from 1.21 mg/g to 0.89 mg/g . Moderate and severe drought stress can significantly reduce the content of chlorophyll and soluble protein in leaves of Pinellia ternate, while CAT activity, SOD activity and POD activity showed different degrees of increase. Pinellia ternate of different regions showed certain interspecies differences in terms of changes in leaf area, fresh root yield, chlorophyll b content, MDA content, and CAT activity. Based on results, it is concluded that moderate drought stress can cause Pinellia ternate to produce significant ecological and physiological changes, and also affecting its tuber yield. 75% of field water holding capacity is a suitable soil moisture condition

Prediction of the Spatial Pattern of Carbon Emissions Based on Simulation of Land Use Change under Different Scenarios

Land use is an important factor in the change of carbon emissions, and predicting the spatial pattern of carbon emissions under different land use scenarios is of great significance to respond to the “double carbon” target of China. Based on the land use data of Nanjing city, Jiangsu Province, China in 2010, 2015 and 2020, this study used the Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small regional extent (CLUE-S) model to simulate the land use change pattern in 2030 under multiple scenarios, and predicted the carbon emissions of each subzone based on the simulation results. It also provides a carbon balance zoning from an economic and ecological point of view and proposes strategies tailored to each district. The results show that: (1) in 2030, under the ecological conservation scenario, ecological land all shows different degrees of increase, while under the cultivated land conservation scenario, construction land only increased by 1.47%. This indicates that the ecological and cultivated land protection perspectives can effectively curb the expansion of construction land. (2) The growth rate of carbon emissions in Nanjing from 2010–2030 decreased from 16.65–3.7%. This indicates that carbon emissions continue to rise, but the trend of growth is slowing down. (3) The spatial carbon emissions in Nanjing show an overall higher level in the north and lower in the center; the large expansion of building land and the concentration of industrial industries are the main reasons for the large increase in carbon emissions. Under the ecological protection scenario, the carbon emissions of Lishui, Pukou and Qixia districts were 11.05 × 104 t, 19.437 × 104 t and 10.211 × 104 t lower than those under the natural growth scenario, mainly because these three districts have more ecological land and the ecological protection effect is more significant. Under the cultivated land conservation scenario, the growth rate of carbon emissions slows down significantly. This indicates that the future structure of carbon emissions in Nanjing will vary significantly, and that ecological protection and arable land conservation play an important role in reducing carbon emissions. This study shows that it is difficult to reduce emissions in a concerted manner. Therefore, for different districts, differentiated land use optimization measures should be developed according to local conditions, and ecological protection and cultivated land protection scenarios should both be taken into account.

Spatial and Temporal Distribution and the Driving Factors of Carbon Emissions from Urban Production Energy Consumption.

Urban production energy consumption produces a large amount of carbon emissions, which is an important source of global warming. This study measures the quantity and intensity of carbon emissions in 30 provinces of China based on urban production energy consumption from 2005–2019, and uses the Dagum Gini coefficient, kernel density estimation, carbon emission classification and spatial econometric model to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution and driving factors of quantity and intensity of carbon emissions from China and regional production energy consumption. It was found that the growth rate of carbon emission quantity and carbon emission intensity of production energy consumption decreased year by year in each province during the study period. The imbalance of carbon emission was strong, with different degrees of increase and decrease, and there were big differences between eastern and western regions. The classification of carbon emissions differed among provinces and there was heterogeneity among regions. The quantity and intensity of carbon emissions of production energy consumption qwre affected by multiple factors, such as industrial structure. This study provides an in-depth comparison of the spatial and temporal distribution and driving factors of quantity and intensity of carbon emissions of production energy consumption across the country and regions, and provides targeted policies for carbon emission reduction across the country and regions, so as to help achieve China’s “double carbon” target quickly and effectively.

PREDICTORS OF THROMBOGENICITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOTHELIITIS IN PATIENTS WITH СOVID-19 — ASSOCIATED CARDIAC AND VASCULAR SURGICAL PATHOLOGY IN THE ACUTE AND POST-COVID PERIODS

PREDICTORS OF THROMBOGENICITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF ENDOTHELIITIS IN PATIENTS WITH СOVID-19 — ASSOCIATED CARDIAC AND VASCULAR SURGICAL PATHOLOGY IN THE ACUTE AND POST-COVID PERIODS

Effect of Qing Chang oral liquid on the treatment of artificially infected chicken coccidiosis and the cellular immunity.

Qing Chang oral liquid (QOL) is a veterinary drug, which mainly composed of Artemisiae annuae herba, Dichroae radix, Agrimonia pilosa and Sanguisorbae radix. This study aims to explore the effect of Qing Chang Oral Liquid (QOL) on the treatment effect of artificially infected chicken coccidiosis and to the cellular immunity. Healthy Roman chickens were randomly divided into five groups: blank group, model group, QOL high-, medium- and low-dose groups. All the groups were orally administered with 1 × 104 sporulated oocysts (except the blank group). After 5 days of oral administration, the high-, medium- and low-dose groups of QOL were added to the drinking water at 2.4, 1.8 and 1.2ml/kg, respectively. The blank and model groups were fed normally, and this experiment lasted for 7 days. The clinical signs were observed, and the relative weight gain, survival rate, cecum lesion score and oocyst value were measured to evaluate the effect of QOL. Meanwhile, the peripheral blood T-lymphocyte subsets and cecal IL-2, IL-17, IFN-γ mRNA expression were detected by flow cytometry and fluorescent quantitative PCR. The chickens in the model group were in poor mental state, gathered together, had loose stools or bloody stools and had less food intake and less exercise. The chicken mental state improved, the food intake and drinking water increased, and the faeces are normal in the high-, medium- and low-dose groups, especially in the high-dose group, the anti-coccidial indexes were up to 173.08. No significant differences were observed (p > 0.05) in the peripheral blood CD3+ , CD3+ CD4+ between the experimental groups. Compared with the blank group, there were different degrees of increase in each dose drug group of the cecal IFN-γ, IL-2 and IL-17 mRNA expression, but the high-dose group was significantly reduced compared with the model group (p < 0.01), but there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). This study suggests that QOL has positive anti-coccidial effect but has no obvious effect on the cellular immunity.

Chlorine poisoning caused by improper mixing of household disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic: Case series.

BACKGROUNDMisuse of disinfectants during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to several poisoning incidents. However, there are few clinical case reports on poisoning caused by improper mixing of household disinfectants. AIMTo summarize the clinical characteristics and treatment effects of chlorine poisoning caused by improper mixing of hypochlorite bleach with acidic cleaning agents.METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed baseline and clinical data, clinical symptoms, and treatment methods of seven patients with chlorine poisoning who were admitted to the National Army Poisoning Treatment Center. RESULTSAmong the seven patients, the average poisoning time (exposure to admission) was 57 h (4-240 h). All patients were involved in cleaning bathrooms. Chest computed tomography scans revealed bilateral lung effusions or inflammatory changes in five patients. The partial pressure of oxygen decreased in six patients, and respiratory failure occurred in one. Five patients had different degrees of increase in white blood cell count. Humidified oxygen therapy, non-invasive mechanical ventilation, anti-inflammatory corticosteroids, antioxidants, and antibiotics were administered for treatment. The average length of hospital stay was 7 d (4-9 d). All seven patients recovered and were discharged. CONCLUSIONImproper mixing of household disinfectants may cause damage to the respiratory system due to chlorine poisoning. Corticosteroids may improve lung exudation in severe cases, and symptomatic supportive treatment should be performed early.

Estimating hydrological consequences of vegetation greening

• LAI increased significantly up to 72.2% of the whole YRB area in 1981–2018. • Vegetation greening decreased SW and Q, but increased ET in selected catchments. • Sensitivities of the changes in Q and ET to the changes in LAI increased as LAI grows. • Sensitivity of ET and Q to LAI changes increased as the climate became drier. Large-scale afforestation program has alleviated environmental problems to some extent in China. However, the response of hydrological processes to vegetation greening at different catchments remains unclear. This study identified the impact of vegetation changes on runoff (Q), evapotranspiration (ET), and soil water storage (SW), as well as their relationships and sensitivities based on a coupled SWAT-PML model for 23 catchments from 2000 to 2018 in the Yellow River Basin (YRB). Results show that leaf area index (LAI) was significantly ( p < 0.05) increased in 72.2% of the YRB area. Vegetation greening decreased SW and Q, but increased ET in all catchments. The effects of vegetation greening on Q and ET were contrasting with axisymmetric fluctuation distribution. The changes in SW, ET, and Q were strongly correlated with the changes in LAI. Sensitivity of the changes in ET and Q to LAI changes increased when the climate becomes drier. Our study suggests that the vegetation greening followed by the afforestation policy implementation has caused gradually increasing impacts on Q and ET. However, such effects are spatially heterogeneous due to different degrees of increase in LAI and aridity conditions. Given the water crisis problem in the YRB, afforestation activity should be taken into consideration of the increasing water demand and the negative effects of vegetation greening on water resources in the future.

Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Oxidase Defects Alter Cellular Homeostasis of Transition Metals.

The redox activity of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), the terminal oxidase of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC), depends on the incorporation of iron and copper into its catalytic centers. Many mitochondrial proteins have specific roles for the synthesis and delivery of metal-containing cofactors during COX biogenesis. In addition, a large set of different factors possess other molecular functions as chaperones or translocators that are also necessary for the correct maturation of these complexes. Pathological variants in genes encoding structural MRC subunits and these different assembly factors produce respiratory chain deficiency and lead to mitochondrial disease. COX deficiency in Drosophila melanogaster, induced by downregulated expression of three different assembly factors and one structural subunit, resulted in decreased copper content in the mitochondria accompanied by different degrees of increase in the cytosol. The disturbances in metal homeostasis were not limited only to copper, as some changes in the levels of cytosolic and/or mitochondrial iron, manganase and, especially, zinc were observed in several of the COX-deficient groups. The altered copper and zinc handling in the COX defective models resulted in a transcriptional response decreasing the expression of copper transporters and increasing the expression of metallothioneins. We conclude that COX deficiency is generally responsible for an altered mitochondrial and cellular homeostasis of transition metals, with variations depending on the origin of COX assembly defect.

Experimental study of effect of equivalence ratio and initial turbulence on the explosion characteristics of LPG/DME clean blended fuel

The effects of initial turbulence and equivalence ratio on the explosion characteristics of LPG/DME clean blended fuel were investigated experimentally. The results showed that as equivalence ratio increase, the explosion overpressure, rate of pressure rise, and propagation velocity of shock wave assume a "three-zone" structure, that is, first acceleration zone, then attenuation zone, finally stabilization zone. With the increase of initial turbulence, the explosion characteristic parameters such as the maximum explosion overpressure, the maximum pressure rise rate, and the maximum shock wave propagation velocity all showed different degrees of increase, and the reasons for these growths are not the same, which leads to the inconsistent levels of growth. However, the chain-based growth rate of these explosion characteristics parameters decreases with the increase of initial turbulence, which meant that the influence of initial turbulence on explosion intensity was weakened gradually. The maximum explosion overpressure and the maximum rate of pressure rise basically conformed to a linear relationship with the initial turbulence. The results of the paper can provide more basic but important information for the practical use of LPG/DME clean blended fuel, especially in safety protection strategies.

The Application Value of Spiral CT Lung Densitometry Software in the Diagnosis of Radiation-Induced Lung Injury.

In order to study the application value of spiral CT lung density measurement software in the diagnosis of radioactive lung injury, the average CT values of lung apex, hilum, and diaphragm were measured by Pulmo automatic evaluation software of 16-slice spiral CT in 96 patients with different types of radiation lung injury diagnosed by conventional CT and 80 healthy subjects. The radiation lung injury on CT slices was classified, and the lung density was measured. In 96 patients with different types of radiation lung injury, 56 patients had different degrees of increase in average lung density, which was most obvious in the type of air insufficiency and chronic fibrosis. CT values of lung density in the ground glass stage and patch stage of acute radiation pneumonia had little influence due to the range and time of exposure. The lung density of 35 patients with radiation injury was measured in the normal range. There was a significant difference between normal lung density and abnormal lung density in different types of radiation lung injury (X2 = 56.718, P < 0.001). The mean lung density of 68 cases was normal and that of 12 cases was abnormal. There was a significant difference in lung density between the lung injury group and the normal group (X2 = 18.027, P < 0.001). Spiral CT lung density measurement can accurately evaluate the lung density values of different types of radiation lung injury and judge the correlation between lung density and different types of radiation lung injury. It is of great value to diagnose, locate, and master the radiation dose of different types of radiation lung injury.

Dynamic Assessment of the Flood Risk at Basin Scale under Simulation of Land-Use Scenarios and Spatialization Technology of Factor

Climate change, population increase, and urban expansion have increased the risk of flooding. Therefore, accurately identifying future changing patterns in the flood risk is essential. For this purpose, this study elaborated a new framework for a basin scale that employs a future land-use simulation model, a factor spatialization technique, and a novel hybrid model for scenario-based flood risk assessment in 2030 and 2050. Three land-use scenarios (i.e., natural growth scenario, cropland protection scenario, and ecological protection scenario) were set and applied in Jinjiang Basin to explore the changes in future flood risk under these scenarios. The results indicate the different degrees of increase in flood risk that will occur in the three scenarios. Under the natural growth (NG) scenario, the city will expand rapidly with the growth of population and economy, and the total area with high and very high flood risk will increase by 371.30 km2 by 2050, as compared to 2020. However, under the ecological protection (EP) scenario, woodlands will be protected, and the growth in population, economy, and built-up lands will slow down with slightly increased risk of flooding. In this scenario, the total area with high and very high flood risk will increase by 113.75 km2 by 2050. Under the cropland protection (CP) scenario, the loss of croplands will have been effectively stopped, and the flood risk will not show a significant increase under this scenario, with an increase by only 90.96 km2 by 2050, similar to the EP scenario. Spatially, these increased flood risks mainly locate at the periphery of existing built-up lands, and the high-flood-risk zones are mainly distributed in the southeast of the Jinjiang Basin. The information about increasing flood risk determined by the framework provides insight into the spatio-temporal characteristics of future flood-prone areas, which facilitates reasonable flood mitigation measures to be developed at the most critical locations in the region.

Study on the response of ecosystem services to land use

In recent years, the urbanization process in counties has been accelerated due to the support of national policies. The depth and breadth of land use changes in counties have been strengthened, and the value of ecosystem services has been significantly degraded. In order to realize the sustainable development of county ecological environment, it is especially urgent to grasp the impact of different land use types in the county on the value of ecosystem services within a certain period of time. Based on the interpretation of remote sensing satellite images to obtain county land use classification data, the changes in the value of ecosystem services in Nanping City between 1995 and 2015 were explored in depth. The results of the study showed that the total value of ecosystem services in each region changed significantly in different time periods, among which, in 1995, the total value of ecosystem service types in Jian’ou City was the highest. In 2015, the value of ecosystem services in Songxi County decreased the most, amounting to 13.98 billion yuan, while other regions had different degrees of increase. Each regional service type has the highest value of functions such as soil formation and protection, water conservation, gas regulation and biodiversity conservation, while all the food production functions have the lowest value.