Different Cultivars Of Sweet Potato Research Articles

Nutritional and Chemical Constituents of Different Cultivars of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Grown in South Africa

Nutritional and Chemical Constituents of Different Cultivars of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Grown in South Africa

Effects of Inoculating the Diazotrophic Endophyte Bradyrhizobium sp. AT1 on Different Cultivars of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas [L.] Lam.)

Owing to the worldwide shortage of nitrogen (N) fertilizers, diazotrophic endophytes have received increasing attention as biofertilizers. In this study, we investigated the inoculation effects of a diazotrophic endophyte (Bradyrhizobium sp. AT1) on three different cultivars of sweet potato (cvs. Beniazuma, Ayamurasaki, and Kokei No. 14) under pot, container, and different field conditions. Following inoculation, the root length was increased in cvs. Beniazuma and Ayamurasaki but suppressed in cv. Kokei No. 14 in pots, filled with a mixture of vermiculite, potting soil, and pearlite. AT1 inoculation also increased shoot growth in cv. Beniazuma and tuber formation in cv. Ayamurasaki in containers filled with vermiculite, potting soil, and light-colored Andosol. In field experiments, carried out at two field sites with the three cultivars, AT1 inoculation increased the growth of cvs. Beniazuma and Ayamurasaki, but it had almost no effect on cv. Kokei No. 14. In addition to growth promotion, inoculation of micropropagated sweet potato cv. Beniazuma with AT1 led to N derived from air (Ndfa) and acetylene reduction activity (ARA) five months after inoculation. Our studies indicate that AT1 inoculation can enhance the growth of sweet potato and promote N2 fixation.

Comparison of Nutrients and Antioxidant Activity of Different Cultivars of Sweet Potato

Comparison of Nutrients and Antioxidant Activity of Different Cultivars of Sweet Potato

Studies on nutritional and morphological quality of different cultivars of sweet potato

Fifteen cultivars of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) were harvested from the field of (All India Coordinated Research Project on Tuber Crops) AICRP, Horticulture Research Station, Mandouri and the analysis of biochemical composition was carried out to determine the best nutritive cultivars. It was carried out in the Post graduate lab, Department of Post Harvest Technology, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia West Bengal, during the period from 2017-2019. It was found that the tuber weight was varied significantly from 48.11gm to 540.45 gm among the different cultivars. The tuber length was recorded high in TSP-16-2 (12.22cm) and short in cultivar BCSP-10 (6.75cm).Maximum TSS value recorded in KISHAN (10.2°Brix) and the lowest value was recorded cultivar TSP-12-10 (8°Brix). Dry matter content was found higher in the cultivars TSP-12-6 (30.54%). Minimum content of dry matter was found in TSP-12-9 (23.55%). The highest total sugar value was found in the cultivars TSP-16-5 (2.55%). The cultivar with lowest total sugar content was found in TSP-16-8 (1.94%). The result indicated that the cultivars differed considerably in reducing sugars content. In the experiment highest content was found to be in the cultivar BCSP-10(1.21%). Lowest was found in the cultivars TSP-12-10 (0.83%).The highest Titratable acidity value was found in the cultivars KISHAN (0.416%) and Lowest was found in the cultivars TSP-12-10 (0.128%).

Studies on Physico-Chemical Constituents in Different Cultivars of Sweet Potato under West Bengal Condition

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a low-input crop that can produce stable yields under suboptimal conditions. It is a nutritious and ample food source for humans and animals as well as a raw material for manufacturing. The experiment was carried out at the Horticulture Research Stationand AICRP Tuber Crops laboratory of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Wst Bengal, India from 2012–2014 to study the variability existing among the tubers after harvest. It has been found that the different cultivars had plant length (79.26–130.36 cm.), number of shoots/plant (7–13.67), number of leaves/plant (56.33–120), and number of tubers/plant (2.67–7), tuber weight (80.23–175.87 gm.), length (17.07–24.05 cm.), girth (3.42–5.28 cm.), yield/plant (2.97–10.78 kg/plant)and these varied significantly among the cultivars. The cultivars were observed to have good biochemical properties with moisture content (74.74–150.74%), dry matter (18.42–31.62%), TSS (6.43–11.25°Brix), ascorbic acid (12.84–25.91 mg/lOOgm), total sugars (2.17–3.68%), carbohydrate (15.67–28.42 mg/lOOg), protein (1.09–3.08%)and starch (8.23–15.56%). They have also high sensory scores (7.20–8.55) based on the results obtained from overall acceptability. Cultivar IGSP-15, S-61 and ST-14 were identified to be superior considering all qualitative aspects like morphological characteristics, overall acceptability, biochemical compositions like good nutritional value, antioxidant property and suitable for processing purposes which can be selected for further improvement and can be promoted for cultivation. Results show that these sweet potato varieties have potentials of biological properties and could have wide utility in food, alcohol and sugar industries. In addition, it could serve as a promising source of protein and its consumption could be utilized in the management of diseases that implicate free radicals.

Isolation and Functional Analysis of Chalcone Isomerase Gene from Purple-Fleshed Sweet Potato

Chalcone isomerase (CHI, EC 5.5.1.6) is one of the essential enzymes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway catalyzing the stereospecific isomerization of chalcones into their corresponding (2S)-flavanones. A full-length cDNA of CHI (844 bp in length) was isolated from purple-fleshed sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] cv. Yamakawamurasaki, designated IbCHI, containing a 732-bp open reading frame encoding a 243 amino acid polypeptide. Sequence alignment showed that the coding region of IbCHI gene is highly homologous with CHIs from other plant species and has four conserved amino acid residues (Thr50, Tyr108, Asn115, and Ser192) essential for CHI active sites. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that IbCHI was clustered into type I CHI group. Southern blotting showed that there were multicopies of IbCHI gene in I. batatas genome and IbCHI gene showed significant restriction fragment length polymorphism among different I. batatas cultivars. Overexpression of the IbCHI gene in Arabidopsis tt5 mutant fully complemented the pigmentation phenotype of the seed coat, cotyledon, and hypocotyl, indicating that the IbCHI gene encoded a fully functional CHI protein for anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. The expression patterns of IbCHI and other anthocyanin biosynthesis-related genes (IbCHS, IbF3H, IbDFR, and IbANS) matched the accumulation patterns of anthocyanin in the thick roots and mature storage roots of different cultivars of sweet potato. However, in the fibrous roots, only IbCHI expressed obviously higher in purple-fleshed cultivar than white-fleshed cultivar, while IbCHS and IbDFR exhibited the opposite expression trends, and IbF3H and IbANS expressed almost equally in purple- and white-fleshed cultivars. The findings suggest that IbCHI is a key enzyme in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway of sweet potato, which is responsible for the activation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in the early stage of root development.

Application of Hydrothermally Modified Sweet Potato Starch as a Substitute Additive for Soup Mixture

Potential application of modified sweet potato starch as a substitute thickener for corn starch was studied, by using native starches extracted from five different cultivars of sweet potatoes commonly available in Sri Lanka. Physicochemical properties (swelling power, water solubility index, pasting, and gelatinization) and digestibility of native and modified (heat-moisture treated, 20% moisture, 85°C for 6 hrs) starches were analysed. Modified Swp3 (Wariyapola white), Swp4 (Pallepola), and Swp5 (Malaysian) starches were selected based on the favourable conditions shown in the required physical and chemical properties and applied in a vegetable soup formula as a thickening aid. Corn starch added samples were kept as controls and the viscosity difference and sensory attributes were tested. Viscosity of the reconstituted soup powder and sensory analysis showed that Swp4 and Swp5 had significantly high level (P<0.05) of sensory quality and the average rank for mouth feel (taste), texture and overall acceptability was significantly high (P<0.05) in Swp5 added samples. Shelf life studies ensured 6 months of stability with negligible level of moisture increase and total plate count in air tight polypropylene packages at ambient temperatures (28–31°C). Results of this study revealed a possibility of applying physically modified Swp4 and Swp5 starches as a substituent food ingredient for commercially available corn starch to improve the thickness of food products.

The properties of different cultivars of Jinhai sweet potato starches in China

IR, 13C NMR, X-ray diffraction and DSC applied to study the physicochemical properties of starches from six different cultivars of Jinhai (I–VI) sweet potato strains in China. Jinhai II showed the highest rate of retrogradation while Jinhai III showed the lowest in all studied cultivars. The hydrolysis rates of those starches by α-amylase were from 98.1% in Jinhai II to 99.9% in Jinhai VI with a mean value of 99.3%. The ratio of R (1158/991cm−1) in IR spectra of those six different sweet potato starches could be the feature to identify them. All of the six studied Jinhai sweet potato starches showed strong peak at diffraction angle (2θ) of 17°, 15° and 23°, meanwhile an extremely weak peak at 2θ around 5.5° was also identical. XRD pattern of Jinhai II and IV starch also gave strong diffraction peaks at 26.6°, which could be the characteristics of them. The enthalpy and Tp of Jinhai II were especially lower than other cultivars. Jinhai IV revealed two Tp of 128.0°C and 140°C, respectively. The second Tp was maybe the characteristic of Jinhai IV starch. IR and DSC were the most effective methods to distinguish different cultivars of sweet potato.

Comparative analysis of trypsin inhibitor levels in sweet potato cultivars in Sri Lanka

Sweet potato [ Ipomea batatas (L) Lam . ] is a commonly consumed root crop in Sri Lanka. A study was undertaken to estimate the nutritional aspects in terms of trypsin inhibitory activity (TIA) of five different cultivars of sweet potato (SWP1 - Wariyapola red, SWP3 - Wariyapola white, SWP4 - Pallepola, SWP5 - Malaysian variety and SWP7 - CARI 273) commonly consumed in Sri Lanka. The moisture level ranged between 65.0 ± 3.4 and 74.6 % ± 1.9 and the crude protein content varied between 1.2 ± 0.1 and 3.3 % ± 0.1. The TIA in unheated and heated sweet potato root samples varied between 1.9 ± 0.01 to 15.4 ± 0.4 and 0.156 ± 0.01 to 13.0 ± 0.01, respectively. In all the cultivars studied the TIA was significantly different at p DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v42i1.6681 J.Natn.Sci.Foundation Sri Lanka 2014 42 (1): 63-69

Effect of Hydroxypropylation on Functional Properties of Different Cultivars of Sweet Potato Starch in Sri Lanka.

Starches obtained from different cultivars of sweet potatoes commonly consumed in Sri Lanka, were chemically modified with hydroxypropyl substitution, to analyze the changes in the physicochemical properties. Significant changes (P < 0.05) in the crude digestibility level, thermal properties, and the water separation (syneresis) of starch gels (7.0% db) during cold and frozen storage were observed due to the modification. Hydroxypropylation increased the gel stability, water solubility, digestibility, and storage stability of the native starches in the cold storage to a significant level. Lowered gelatinization and retrogradation enthalpies as well as gelatinization temperature were observed for derivatized starches compared to the native starch. Low levels of pasting stability with increased levels of breakdown and reduced cold paste viscosity were observed in the hydroxypropylated starch samples except for the Malaysian cultivar (S5). Chemically modified starch gels stored under cold storage did not show a syneresis for two weeks in the cycle and the frozen storage showed much improved stability in the starch gels within the four-week cycle. Chemical modification of sweet potato starch with hydroxyl propyl substitution can enhance the functional characteristics of the native starch which will improve its potential application in the food industry.

Effect of Heat Moisture Treatment Conditions on Swelling Power and Water Soluble Index of Different Cultivars of Sweet Potato (Ipomea batatas (L). Lam) Starch

A study was done to analyse the change in swelling power (SP) and the water soluble index (WSI) of native starches obtained from five different cultivars of sweet potatoes (swp 1 (Wariyapola red), swp 3 (Wariyapola white), swp 4 (Pallepola variety), swp 5 (Malaysian variety), and swp 7 (CARI 273)) commonly consumed in Sri Lanka. Extracted starch from fresh roots, two to three days after harvesting has been modified using 20%, 25%, and 30% moisture levels and heated at 85°C and 120°C for 6 hours and determined the SP and WSI. Results were subjected to general linear model, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out by using MINITAB version 14. Overall results showed a significantly high level () of SP and WSI in all the cultivars of moisture—temperature treated starches than their native starch. Correlation analysis showed an effect on SP with the variation in the cultivar, temperature, and moisture; temperature combination and moisture alone had no significant effect. Significantly high levels of swelling power () were observed in 20%—85°C, and 30%—120°C and the highest amount of swelling in the modified starch than its native form was observed in swp 7 cultivar. Results revealed a nonlinear relationship in the WSI with the cultivar type, moisture level, and the lower moisture—temperature combinations but higher temperature—moisture combinations had a significant effect. SP and WSI had a slight positive linear relationship according to analysis. Based on the results, a significantly high level of swelling and water solubility of native starches of different cultivars of sweet potatoes can be achieved by changing the moisture content to 30% and heating at 120°C for 6 hours.

Genotype Independent Regeneration and Agrobacterium?mediated Genetic Transformation of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.)

Development of an efficient genotype independent regeneration and genetic transformation system in sweet potato continues to be of great interest. Agrobacterium?mediated genetic transformation protocol was established in two different cultivars of sweet potato using Agrobacterium strain EHA105 harbouring binary plasmid pBI121 containing GUS and nptII genes. The internodal stem segments from 30?day?old micropropogated plants were used as explant with different combinations of media and hormones. MS and LS media with various concentrations of growth regulators proved to be non?responsive and the infecundity was severe with the addition of cytokinins. Nonetheless, MS with 2,4?D and TDZ gave a good percentage of callusing but with low differentiation. In different concentrations of NAA, significant amount of callusing was observed but percentage of rooting remained low in both the genotypes. Gamborg’s B5 supplemented with NAA proved to be the most suitable media and hormone combination, which yielded shoot formation after 8 ? 10 weeks with a regenera? tion efficiency of 40 ? 70%. Stable integration of transgene was confirmed by PCR analysis. Furthermore, qRT?PCR analysis was performed to assess the transcript accumulation in addition to the GUS enzymatic assay in the transgenic lines.Plant Tissue Cult. &amp; Biotech. 23(1): 87?100, 2013 (June)DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v23i1.15565D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v23i1.15565

Comparative analysis of nutritional quality of five different cultivars of sweet potatoes (Ipomea batatas (L) Lam) in Sri Lanka.

Nutritional attributes of flours obtained from five different cultivars of sweet potato roots commonly available in Sri Lanka showed significant differences in the tested parameters. The starch level ranged between 33% and 64% on the dry basis and the extractability from fresh tubers was governed by the quantity of starch. The crude fiber level ranged between 2.1% and 13.6% on dry basis and the highest level was observed in swp7 (CARI 273) and resistant starch ranged from 14.2% to 17.2%. Higher percentage of resistant starch from total starch was found in Wariyapola red (swp1) cultivar resulting in lower digestion level while higher levels of digestion was evident in cultivars with lower levels of resistant starch with high level of total starch. Low levels of calcium and significant levels of iron were found in the five cultivars studied. Crude protein level was in the range of 1.2–3.3% on dry basis and trypsin inhibitor activity level (TIA) was significantly different (P > 0.05) in the cultivars studied while heating resulted in a significantly high reduction in the TIA level than in unheated condition. Polygonal or round shaped starch granules were in the range of 16.8–23.5 μm and low level of starch digestion was shown in cultivars containing larger granules. Total amylose content lies in the range 15.4–19.6% and cultivars having higher percentage of amylose showed higher level of in vitro pancreatic digestion (Pallepola [swp4] and swp7). The starch digestibility of sweet potato flour was in the range of 36–55% and the highest digestion was observed in swp7. Orange fleshed cultivars (swp4 and swp7) were comparatively rich in nutrients and digestibility than the other three studied cultivars.

Quality Changes in Different Cultivars of Sweet Potato During Deep-Fat Frying

The goal of this study was to evaluate quality changes during deep fat frying of five cultivars of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) namely, ‘Ginseng Red’, ‘Beauregard’, ‘White Travis’, ‘Georgia Jet clone #2010’ and ‘Georgia Jet’. The cultivars were grown in Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada, harvested at maturity, and brought to the laboratory for analysis. Samples were peeled, sliced into cylindrical shape and deep fried in canola oil at the temperature of 180oC for different times up to 5 min. Oil uptake, moisture loss, colour and texture parameters were measured. Oil uptake and moisture loss during frying followed the traditional 1st order kinetics profile for all the cultivars. A significant (P< 0.05) variation was observed in the rate of quality changes such as moisture loss and oil uptake in different cultivars after frying. ‘Ginseng Red’ was identified as a suitable cultivar for French fries production because of its lowest oil saturation, good colour and textural properties development during frying.

Preliminary Study of Mineral Constituents in Selected Cultivars of Root and Tuber Crops in Sri Lanka

A study was done to determine the levels of minerals (Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Potassium and Zinc) in three different cultivars of yams (D. alata and D. esculenta), Xanthosoma sp and four different cultivars of sweet potatoes (Ipomea batatas Lam) from different regions in Sri Lanka. Yams (Rajala, Hingurala and Kukulala), Xanthosoma sp (Kiriala) and sweet potatoes (Swp3, Swp4, Swp5 and Swp7) were prepared for analysis 2 – 3 days after harvesting. Flour samples were subjected to ashing using AOAC (1980) method and mineral constituents were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Variation in mineral constituents on dry weight basis were analysed using ANOVA, Tukey‟s HSD test (p< 0.05) Minitab. All three cultivars of yams had significant levels (p< 0.05) of Calcium and Iron and high level of Magnesium was observed in Kiriala (45.27± 0.31 mg 100g-1). A significantly high level of Iron and Potassium (p<0.05) was observed in Rajala and Sweet potatoes respectively. Swp5 cultivar contained a comparatively high amount of Calcium and Magnesium while Swp3 and Swp7 contained a high level of iron (p<0.05). Comparatively high level of Zinc was present in Hingurala, Swp3 and Swp7 cultivars. Key words: Dioscorea , Ipomea batatas, minerals, Xanthosoma sp

Symptoms, aetiology and serological analysis of sweet potato virus disease in Uganda

Sweet potato virus disease (SPVD) is the name used to describe a range of severe symptoms in different cultivars of sweet potato, comprising overall plant stunting combined with leaf narrowing and distortion, and chlorosis, mosaic or vein‐clearing. Affected plants of various cultivars were collected from several regions of Uganda. All samples contained the aphid‐borne sweet potato feathery mottle potyvirus (SPFMV) and almost all contained the whitefly‐borne sweet potato chlorotic stunt closterovirus (SPCSV). SPCSV was detected by a mix of monoclonal antibodies (MAb) previously shown to react only to a Kenyan isolate of SPCSV, but not by a mixture of MAb that detected SPCSV isolates from Nigeria and other countries. Sweet potato chlorotic fleck virus (SPCFV) and sweet potato mild mottle ipomovirus (SPMMV) were seldom detected in SPVD‐affected plants, while sweet potato latent virus (SPLV) was never detected. Isolates of SPFMV and SPCSV obtained by insect transmissions together induced typical symptoms of SPVD when graft‐inoculated to virus‐free sweet potato. SPCSV alone caused stunting and either purpling or yellowing of middle and lower leaves when graft‐inoculated to virus‐free plants of two cultivars. Similarly diseased naturally inoculated field plants were shown consistently to contain SPCSV. Both this disease and SPVD spread rapidly in a sweet potato crop.

Seasonal Abundance, Population Growth, and Within-Plant Distribution of Sweetpotato Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on Sweet Potato in Southern Florida

Abundance and population growth rates of the sweetpotato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers), were compared on different cultivars of sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (cvs. Campeon, Centennial, Picadito, and Regal) in southern Florida. The within-vine and within-root distributions of the weevil on plants also were determined. Studies were conducted during the cool, dry, winter and the warm, wet, summer growing seasons. Weevils were more abundant and populations increased more rapidly during the summer than during the winter season. During the summer season, they tended to be most abundant on ‘Centennial’ followed in decreasing order by ‘Regal’ and ‘Picadito.’ Weevils were more abundant and populations increased more rapidly in roots than in vines of ‘Centennial,’ ‘Regal,’ and ‘Campeon,’ whereas they were more abundant or as abundant, and populations increased more rapidly, in vines than in roots of ‘Picadito.’ In vines, weevil populations increased more rapidly on ‘Picadito’ and on one planting of ‘Centennial.’ In roots, populations increased most rapidly on ‘Centennial’ and on one planting of ‘Regal.’ Overall, populations increased most rapidly on ‘Centennial’ and least rapidly on ‘Campeon.’ The weevil displayed a characteristic within-plant distribution that differed among cultivars, Overall, 81.6, 90.2, 91.2, and 91.3% of the total weevil populations within the vines and roots of ‘Picadito,’ ‘Centennial,’ ‘Regal,’ and ‘Campeon,’ respectively, were found below the soil surface. Also, 87.4, 78.7, 89.3, and 78.0% of the total weevil population in vines and roots were found in the region of the plant extending from 15 cm below the crown to 10 cm above the crown on ‘Campeon,’ ‘Centennial,’ ‘Regal,’ and ‘Picadito,’ respectively. These data will help to develop a sampling plan for sweetpotato weevil on cultivated sweet potato.