Different Concentrations Of Cisplatin Research Articles

HOXA1 silencing inhibits cisplatin resistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells via IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway.

The resistance of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells to cisplatin remains a tough nut to crack in OSCC therapy. Homeobox A1 (HOXA1) overexpression has been detected in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC). Accordingly, this study aims to explore the potential role and mechanism of HOXA1 on cisplatin resistance in OSCC. The expression of HOXA1 in HNSC and its role in overall survival (OS) rate of OSCC patients were analyzed by bioinformatic analysis. Following transfection as needed, OSCC cells were induced by different concentrations of cisplatin, and the cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated by cell counting kit-8 and flow cytometry assays. The mRNA and protein expression levels of HOXA1 and the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65 were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot. HOXA1 expression level was upregulated in HNSC tissues and OSCC cells. Overexpressed HOXA1 was correlated with a low OS rate of OSCC patients. Cisplatin exerted an anti-cancer effect on OSCC cells. HOXA1 silencing or cisplatin suppressed OSCC cell viability, boosted the apoptosis, and repressed the phosphorylation of IκBα and p65. Intriguingly, the combination of HOXA1 silencing and cisplatin generated a stronger anti-cancer effect on OSCC cells than their single use. HOXA1 silencing attenuates cisplatin resistance of OSCC cells via IκB/NF-κB signaling pathway, hinting that HOXA1 is a biomarker associated with OSCC and HOXA1 silencing can enhance the sensitivity of OSCC cells to cisplatin.

The equivalence of different types of electric pulses for electrochemotherapy with cisplatin - an in vitro study.

Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a treatment involving the administration of chemotherapeutics drugs followed by the application of 8 square monopolar pulses of 100 μs duration at a repetition frequency of 1 Hz or 5000 Hz. However, there is increasing interest in using alternative types of pulses for ECT. The use of high-frequency short bipolar pulses has been shown to mitigate pain and muscle contractions. Conversely, the use of millisecond pulses is interesting when combining ECT with gene electrotransfer for the uptake of DNA-encoding proteins that stimulate the immune response with the aim of converting ECT from a local to systemic treatment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate how alternative types of pulses affect the efficiency of the ECT. We performed in vitro experiments, exposing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells to conventional ECT pulses, high-frequency bipolar pulses, and millisecond pulses in the presence of different concentrations of cisplatin. We determined cisplatin uptake by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and cisplatin cytotoxicity by the clonogenic assay. We observed that the three tested types of pulses potentiate the uptake and cytotoxicity of cisplatin in an equivalent manner, provided that the electric field is properly adjusted for each pulse type. Furthermore, we quantified that the number of cisplatin molecules, resulting in the eradication of most cells, was 2-7 × 107 per cell. High-frequency bipolar pulses and millisecond pulses can potentially be used in ECT to reduce pain and muscle contraction and increase the effect of the immune response in combination with gene electrotransfer, respectively.

Polyethylenimine-based iron oxide nanoparticles enhance cisplatin toxicity in ovarian cancer cells in the presence of a static magnetic field.

Drug resistance in cancer cells is a major concern in chemotherapy. Cisplatin (CIS) is one of the most effective chemotherapeutics for ovarian cancer. Here, we investigated an experimental approach to increase CIS cytotoxicity and overcome cell resistance using nanoparticle-based combination treatments. Polyethylenimine (PEI)-based magnetic iron oxide nanocomplexes were used for drug delivery in genetically matched CIS-resistant (A2780/CP) and -sensitive (A2780) ovarian cancer cells in the presence of a 20 mT static magnetic field. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized and bonded to PEI cationic polymers to form binary complexes (PM). The binding of CIS to the PM binary complexes resulted in the formation of ternary complexes PM/C (PEI-MNP/CIS) and PMC (PEI-MNP-CIS). CIS cytotoxicity increased at different concentrations of CIS and PEI in all binary and ternary delivery systems over time. Additionally, CIS induced cell cycle arrest in the S and G2/M phases and reactive oxygen species production in both cell lines. Ternary complexes were more effective than binary complexes at promoting apoptosis in the treated cells. PEI-based magnetic nanocomplexes can be considered novel carriers for increasing CIS cytotoxicity and likely overcoming drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells.

Antioxidant and apoptotic activities of sitagliptin against hepatocellular carcinoma: An in vitro study

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common and aggressive type of liver cancer. Most chemotherapeutic medications nowadays imply oxidative stress leading to toxicity, which causes the necessity to find agents with better safety profiles against normal cells in addition to their anticancer activity. Sitagliptin has been shown to possess antioxidant as well as apoptotic properties by the specific suppression of dipeptidyl-peptidase 4, a glycoprotein produced in many tissues that have been thought to promote tumorigenesis and metastasis. Methods: Five groups of cell lines were included: Control (untreated HepG2 cells); cisplatin treatment HepG2 cells; sitagliptin treated HepG2 cells; combination of different concentrations of cisplatin plus sitagliptin (250 μg/mL) treated HepG2 cells, and finally, combination of different concentrations of sitagliptin plus cisplatin (25 μg/mL)-treated HepG2 cells. After an incubation period for 48 hours, the supernatants were collected to quantify the level malondialdehyde (MDA) and B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) by ELISA assay kits. Data were finally gathered and analyzed statistically. Results: Our findings indicated that sitagliptin significantly decreased the oxidative stress, particularly at high concentrations, through decreasing the MDA level. In addition, sitagliptin exhibited significant apoptotic activity against HepG2 cells through decreasing BCL-2 level. In combination with cisplatin, sitagliptin significantly potentiated the apoptotic effect and reduced the oxidative stress parameters. Conclusions: Sitagliptin showed apoptotic and antioxidant activity against HCC which may potentiate chemotherapeutic agents like cisplatin, in addition to reducing the oxidative stress against normal cells.

Transcriptome Profiling of Cisplatin Resistance in Triple-negative Breast Cancer: New Insight into the Role of PI3k/Akt Pathway.

Aggressive nature of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is associated with poor prognosis compared with other breast cancer types. Current guidelines recommend the use of Cisplatin for the management of TNBC. However, the development of resistance to cisplatin is the primary cause of chemotherapy failure. In the present study, we aimed to develop a stable cisplatin-resistant TNBC cell line to investigate the key pathways and genes involved in cisplatin-resistant TNBC. The MDA-MB-231 cell was exposed to different concentrations of cisplatin. After 33 generations, cells showed a resistant phenotype. Then, RNA-sequencing analysis was performed in cisplatin-resistant and parent cell lines. The RNA-sequencing data was verified by quantitative PCR (qPCR). The IC50 of the resistant cell increased to 10-fold of a parental cell (p<0.001). Also, cisplatin-resistant cells show cross-resistance to other drugs, including 5- fluorouracil, paclitaxel, and doxorubicin. Resistant cells demonstrated reduced drug accumulation compared to the parental cells. Results showed there were 116 differentially expression genes (DEGs) (p<0.01). Gene ontology analysis revealed that the DEGs have several molecular functions, including binding and transporter activity. Functional annotation showed that the DEGs were enriched in the drug resistancerelated pathways, especially the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. The most important genes identified in the protein-protein interaction network were heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) and TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 3 (TIMP3). We have identified several pathways and DEGs associated with the PI3KAkt pathway, which provides new insights into the mechanism of cisplatin resistance, and potential drug targets in TNBC.

Synergistic Effects of New Curcumin Analog (PAC) and Cisplatin on Oral Cancer Therapy.

Oral cancer has traditionally been treated with surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these therapies. Although cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug, can effectively kill oral cancer cells by forming DNA adducts, its clinical use is limited due to adverse effects and chemo-resistance. Therefore, there is a need to develop new, targeted anticancer drugs to complement chemotherapy, allowing for reduced cisplatin doses and minimizing adverse effects. Recent studies have shown that 3,5-Bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-N-methyl-4-piperidine (PAC), a new curcumin analog, possesses anticancer properties and could be considered a complementary or alternative therapy. In this study, we aimed to assess the potential complementary effects of PAC in combination with cisplatin for treating oral cancer. We conducted experiments using oral cancer cell lines (Ca9-22) treated with different concentrations of cisplatin (ranging from 0.1 μM to 1 μM), either alone or in conjunction with PAC (2.5 and 5 μM). Cell growth was measured using the MTT assay, while cell cytotoxicity was evaluated using an LDH assay. Propidium iodide and annexin V staining were employed to examine the impact on cell apoptosis. Flow cytometry was used to investigate the effects of the PAC/cisplatin combination on cancer cell autophagy, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Additionally, a Western Blot analysis was performed to assess the influence of this combination on pro-carcinogenic proteins involved in various signaling pathways. The results demonstrated that PAC enhanced the efficacy of cisplatin in a dose-dependent manner, leading to a significant inhibition of oral cancer cell proliferation. Importantly, treatment with PAC (5 μM) alongside different concentrations of cisplatin reduced the IC50 of cisplatin tenfold. Combining these two agents increased apoptosis by further inducing caspase activity. In addition, the concomitant use of PAC and cisplatin enhances oral cancer cell autophagy, ROS, and MitoSOX production. However, combined PAC with cisplatin inhibits the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), which is a marker for cell viability. Finally, this combination further enhances the inhibition of oral cancer cell migration via the inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition genes, such as E-cadherin. We demonstrated that the combination of PAC and cisplatin markedly enhanced oral cancer cell death by inducing apoptosis, autophagy, and oxidative stress. The data presented indicate that PAC has the potential to serve as a powerful complementary agent to cisplatin in the treatment of gingival squamous cell carcinomas.

Inhibitory Effect of Metal Complexes Cisplatin and Carboplatin of Cervical Cancer Cells

The recurrence and prognosis of advanced cervical cancer patients is an unresolved medical need. To improve prognosis and bring new strategies to more curable stages of the disease, such as high-risk locally advanced disease patients and low metastatic or small volume disease patients. After culturing cervical cancer cells in vitro, they were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin and carboplatin drugs for 24, 48, and 72 hours respectively. Detected the inhibitory rate of different treatment groups on cervical cancer cells using CCK-8 detection, To observe live and dead cells through staining experiments. The results showed that different concentrations of cisplatin and carboplatin have significant inhibitory effects on cervical cancer cells. However, the inhibitory effect of cisplatin and carboplatin in the high concentration group on cervical cancer cells were significantly greater than that in the low concentration treatment group. The sensitivity of cervical cancer cells to cisplatin was similar with carboplatin, and the sensitivity to cisplatin was better than that of carboplatin. We believe that targeted therapy can be combined with chemotherapy drugs to enhance the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin. When the toxic side effects of cisplatin cannot be overcome, carboplatin can be considered to replace cisplatin in the treatment of cancer.

High Expression of G9a Induces Cisplatin Resistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Chemotherapeutic drug resistance is the main obstacle that affects the efficacy of current therapies of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which needs to be addressed urgently. High expression of histone methyltransferase G9a was reported to play a pivotal role in the progression of HCC. Regulatory mechanism of aberrant activation of G9a in HCC and the association with subsequent cisplatin (DDP) resistance still remains ambiguous. This study strived to investigate mechanism of G9a overexpression and its impact on cisplatin resistance in HCC cells. In this experimental study, we investigated effects of different concentrations of cisplatin in combination with BIX-01294 or PR-619 on viability and apoptosis of HuH7 and SNU387 cells via CCK-8 kit and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Colony formation capacity was applied to evaluate effect of cisplatin with or without BIX-01294 on cell proliferation, and western blotting was used to verify expression level of the related proteins. Global mRNA expression profile analysis was adopted to identify differentially expressed genes associated with overexpression of G9a. We observed that overexpression of G9a admittedly promoted cisplatin resistance in HCC cells. Global mRNA expression profile analysis after G9a inhibition showed that DNA repair and cell cycle progression were downregulated. Moreover, we identified that deubiquitination enzymes (DUBs) stabilized high expression of G9a in HCC through deubiquitination. Additionally, cisplatin could significantly inhibit proliferation of DUBs-deficient HCC cells, while promoting their apoptosis. Collectively, our data indicated that DUBs stabilize G9a through deubiquitination, thereby participating in the cisplatin resistance of HCC cells. The elucidation of this mechanism contributes to propose a potential alternative intervention strategy for the treatment of HCC patients harboring high G9a levels.

Application of Real-Time Cell Analysis Biosensor Technology for Drug Cytotoxicity Studies in Primary Lung Cancer Cells

Biosensing technologies can be used for toxicity studies on cell cultures. The xCELLigence Real-Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) system is a portable label-free detection method with the capability to analyze cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, growth, morphology states, and cytotoxicity of adherent cells in a non-invasive environment. In pharmacological context, most xCELLigence studies were done using cancer cell lines. Hypothetically, implementing the system with primary cell culture can anticipate actions in vivo better than those seen on cell lines. This could potentially provide useful information on how the drug responds to targeted cancer. In this work, we explore the usage of biosensing technology to establish a concept for high-throughput testing of chemotherapeutics agents on primary patient-derived cancer cells. Four self-established primary lung cancer cells (samples A36, A38, A39, and A40) were derived from biopsies of patients, cultured, and tested with cisplatin. The xCELLigence was used to monitor the response of primary lung cancer cells toward different concentrations of cisplatin ranging from 1 to 120 μM. Cisplatin was found to be effective at approximately 20 μM after 48 h of exposure with A38 and A39 showing drug resistance behavior at below 20 μM concentration. The IC50 values were between 22.88 to 76.22 μM. This indicates that the RTCA biosensor technology has good potential in predicting the cell’s response to chemotherapy especially when primary cancer cells are used. This approach can be the fundamental reference in the future to support personalized chemotherapy treatment by providing additional information on metastatic behavior, cytotoxic and drug-resistance effects of the cancer cells.Graphical Abstract

Addition of Gallic Acid Overcomes Resistance to Cisplatin in Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines.

Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality in women, and is often associated with drug resistance. Therefore, finding effective drugs, including naturally derived compounds, is urgently needed. Herein, we aimed to test the anti-cancer potential of gallic acid monohydrate (GA) and its congeners on cisplatin-sensitive (A2780S), and resistant (A2780CP) ovarian cancer and normal ovarian (HOSE6-3) cell lines. Cytotoxicity was assessed by AlamarBlue and CCK08 assays by exposing cells to different concentrations of cisplatin (0-21µg/mL), GA and its congeners (0-100µg/mL), and a combination of GA and cisplatin. Apoptosis was estimated by Hoechst stain and monitoring the relative RNA expression of the apoptotic effector caspase-3 using qRT-PCR. GA decreased cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner in all cell lines, with an IC50 of 19.39µg/mL (A2780S), 35.59 µg/mL (A2780CP), and 49.32µg/mL (HOSE6-3). GA displayed higher cytotoxicity than its congeners. An apoptotic rate estimation of approximately 20% and 30% was obtained in A2780S and A2780CP. While the cytotoxicity observed with cisplatin and GA was comparable, combining the two enhanced the cytotoxicity significantly, especially in the A2780CP cell line (p<0.05). These data suggest that GA may help overcome the resistance. Hence, the cytotoxic effects of GA, especially on chemo-resistant ovarian cancer cells merit further investigation.<br />.

EIF5A2 Is Involved in the Biological Process of Cervical Cancer Cells through AGR2

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a severe malignant tumor that endangers the health of women worldwide. Eukaryotic initiation factor-5A2 (EIF5A2) expression has been reported to be increased in cervical cancer and correlates with prognosis. An attempt was made in this paper to explore the impact and potential mechanisms of EIF5A2 in the cell biology of cervical cancer. Methods: We first knocked down EIF5A2 in cervical cancer cells. Then, we examined the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of these cells by cell counting kit 8, wound healing, Transwell, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assays. Cells were processed with different concentrations of cisplatin to observe their sensitivity to cisplatin. Next, the relationship between EIF5A2 and anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) was verified by co-immunoprecipitation. Following AGR2 overexpression, the biological processes of these cells were examined. Results: EIF5A2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and it promoted apoptosis and enhanced the sensitivity to cisplatin in cervical cancer cells. Additionally, AGR2 expression was positively correlated with EIF5A2, and its overexpression alleviated the reduction in proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cells induced by EIF5A2 knockdown. Overexpression of AGR2 also reduced apoptosis and their sensitivity to cisplatin in EIF5A2-knockdwon cervical cancer cells. Conclusion: EIF5A2 knockdown inhibited the biological process of cervical cancer cells through modulation of AGR2. The in-depth investigation of the molecular mechanism of EIF5A2 in cervical cancer cells provides new strategies for the prevention and treatment of clinical malignancies.

Development of three-dimensional cell culture spheroid model for non-small-cell lung carcinoma cell line nci-h460 exposed to cisplatin / Desenvolvimento de modelo de cultura celular tridimensional para a linhagem celular de carcinoma de pulmão de não-pequenas células nci-h460 expostas á cisplatina

The three-dimensional culture models have been developed to promote better simulation of in vivo conditions of cellular interactions and phenotypic expressions. Since each cell line behaves differently and not all aggregate three-dimensionally, the objectives of this study were to standardize the conditions for cultivation spheroids produced from the human non-smal-cell lung cancer cell line NCI-H460, and evaluate the effects of cisplatin in this model. We investigated the best cell density for the formation of spheroids and their growth time in culture conditions. For this, spheroids were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin. The analysis was performed by measuring the diameter of the spheroids before treatment and measured 48 h after treatment and then every 3 days. The standard cell density conditions obtained was 10 x 104 cells. Spheroids were collected from the 7th day and isolated in a non-adherent matrix well (covered with 2% agar and culture medium), remaining viable until the 17th day. From the 8th day of isolated culture, the cisplatin promoted a reduction in the growth of spheroids dependent on the concentration used. Thus, it was concluded that it was possible to standardize the effective methodology for the formation and maintenance of spheroids from this cell line, as well as cisplatin inhibited the growth of the spheroids, suggesting its cytotoxic effect also cultures in three-dimensional model.

Pleiotrophin affects the susceptibility of prostate cancer cells to cisplatin.

Drug resistance is a major problem in cancer therapy with cisplatin. It has not been reported that pleiotrophin, which is anti-apoptotic in some cancer cells, is associated with cisplatin resistance. Pleiotrophin was exogenously expressed in 293 cells. Viability and apoptosis of PC3 cells treated with different concentrations of cisplatin in the presence or absence of purified pleiotrophin were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and flow cytometry, respectively. PC3 cells transfected with shRNAs were analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blotting 24 h after transfection. MTT assay data indicated that the EC50 value of cisplatin for PC3 cells was significantly increased in the presence of pleiotrophin. Flow cytometry data demonstrated the pleiotrophin dose-dependent anti-apoptosis in PC3 cells treated with cisplatin. Knockdown of pleiotrophin with sh-RNA, as justified by RT-PCR and western blotting analysis, led to increased cisplatin induced-apoptosis in PC3 cells with an increased level of the cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase protein. Pleiotrophin may be a potential antiapoptotic protein associated with cisplatin susceptibility, which warrants further study on the role of pleiotrophin in cisplatin resistance.

Effect of circBIRC6 targeting miR-367-3p on cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells

Objective: To explore the effect of circBIRC6 on cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells and the molecular mechanism. Methods: The ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 and ovarian cancer cisplatin-resistant cell line SKOV3 / DDP were cultured in vitro, and treated with different concentrations of cisplatin. SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP cells were transfected with si-NC, si-circBIRC6, si-circBIRC6+ anti-miR-NC, si-circBIRC6+ anti-miR-367-3p by liposome-mediated method, which were denoted as DDP+ si-NC group, DDP+ si-circBIRC6 group, DDP+ si-circBIRC6+ anti-miR-NC group and DDP+ si-circBIRC6+ anti-miR-367-3p group, respectively, and then were treated with 2 μg/ml cisplatin for 24 hours. The cell proliferation inhibition rate was detected by 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide method, and the half inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) value of cisplatin was calculated. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the transcriptional levels of circBIRC6 and miR-367-3p. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rate. Dual luciferase report experiment verified the targeting relationship of circBIRC6 and miR-367-3p. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, p21, Bax. Results: The expression levels of circBIRC6 in SKOV3 cells were 1.00±0.05, significantly lower than 3.04±0.24 in SKOV3/DDP cells (P<0.001). The expression levels of miR-367-3p in SKOV3 cells were 1.00±0.08, significantly higher than 0.54±0.05 in SKOV3/DDP cells (P<0.001). The cell proliferation inhibition rates of SKOV3 cells and SKOV3/DDP cells were (22.47±2.04)% and (8.84±0.71)%, the IC(50) values of SKOV3 cells and SKOV3/DDP cells were 6.65±0.94 and 28.18±4.91, respectively, with significant difference (P<0.05). The proliferation inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of SKOV3 cells in DDP+ si-NC group[(22.19±2.19)% and (10.98±1.12)%] were lower than those in DDP+ si-circBIRC6 group [(74.18±5.36)% and (32.91±3.19)%, all P<0.05]. The proliferation inhibition rate and apoptosis rate of SKOV3/DDP cells[(8.71±0.87)% and (7.39±0.63)%] were lower than those of DDP+ si-circBIRC6 group [(40.85±4.07)% and (25.31±2.53)%, all P<0.05]. The protein expression levels of Cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 in SKOV3 and SKOV3/DDP cells in DDP+ si-circBIRC6 group were lower than those in DDP+ si-NC group, and the protein expression levels of p21 and Bax were higher than those in DDP+ si-NC group (all P<0.05). The dual luciferase report experiment confirmed that circBIRC6 targeted miR-367-3p. Inhibition of miR-367-3p expression reduced the effect of circBIRC6 deletion on ovarian cancer cell proliferation, apoptosis and cisplatin resistance. Conclusion: Knockdown of circBIRC6 may inhibit the proliferation of ovarian cancer cisplatin-resistant cells and induce apoptosis by up-regulating the expression of miR-367-3p, therefore impair the cisplatin resistance of these cells.

The effect of cisplatin-low-level laser therapy on cell viability and death of LNCaP prostate cancer cell line.

Prostate cancer, as a common male cancer, is a serious threat to men's health. In spite of extreme developments for increasing survival rate, there are still limitations about common treatment options such as surgical procedures, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. We hypothesized that combination of two treatments would bring better clinical outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of conjugated cisplatin and low-level laser treatment (LLLT) on the viability of LNCaP prostate cancer cell line. LNCaP cells were harvested in DMEM containing 10% FBS and 1% antibiotic. Confluent cells were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin and different wavelengths of low-level laser (LLL) alone and in combination. The relative IC50 and cell viability was evaluated using MTT assay. Analysis of lipid peroxidation rate was performed using lipid peroxidation assay kit. LDH activity was also carried out on the treated and control cells using LDH cytotoxicity assay kit. Our results showed that combination of cisplatin and LLLT could effectively decrease cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity as well as LNCaP cell viability. Cisplatin-LLLT combination led to a significant increase in the MDA content as the product of membrane lipid peroxidation. Analyzing the LDH activity under the effect of cisplatin-LLL combined treatment showed a remarkable increase in the enzyme activity. We conclude that applying the cisplatin-LLL combination therapy is promising as an effective anti-cancer treatment. This novel combination has a potential to attenuate adverse side effects of earlier monotherapy strategies.

Effect of LncRNA HOTAIR on the proliferation, apoptosis and drug resistance of Wilms tumor cells through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

Objective: To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA HOTAIR (LncRNA HOTAIR) on the proliferation, apoptosis and drug resistance of Wilms tumor cells and its molecular mechanism. Methods: Collected nephroblastoma tissues and normal tumor side tissues in 32 children with renal syblastoma surgical treatment at Zhengzhou University Children's Hospital from 2015 to 2019. Real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, (qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression of HOTAIR in Wilms tumor tissues and adjacent tissues. Small interfering RNA technology was used to delete the expression of HOTAIR in Wilms tumor cell SK-NEP-1. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8)was used to detect cell proliferation after transfection. Flow cytometry and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining to detect the apoptosis. Western blot was used to detect the expression of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related proteins.CCK-8 was used to detect the proliferation inhibition of cells treated with different concentrations of cisplatin after transfection. Results: Compared with adjacent tissues, HOTAIR was highly expressed in Wilms tumor tissues (P<0.05). The expression levels of Wnt, β-catenin, Cyclin D1, c-myc in the control group were (0.89±0.08), (0.94±0.10), (0.72±0.06), (1.10±0.11), and (1.06±0.11), (0.92±0.08), (0.66±0.07), (1.25±0.11) of the si-RNA group, while (0.54±0.05), (0.41±0.05), (0.25±0.03), (0.56±0.06) of the si-HOTAIR group. The expression levels of these protein were significantly down-regulated in the si-HOTAIR group when compared with the control group and the si-RNA group (P<0.05). The absorbance (A) values of SK-NEP-1 cells in the si-HOTAIR group at 24, 48 and 72 hours after transfection were (0.31±0.02), (0.37±0.04), (0.69±0.07), significantly lower than (0.49±0.05), (0.78±0.08), (1.22±0.14) in the control group and (0.57±0.06), (0.68±0.07), (0.94±0.09) in the si-RNA group (P<0.05). The apoptosis rate in the si-HOTAIR group was (13.81±1.25)%, significantly higher than (6.54±0.72)% in the control group and (4.35±0.40)% in the si-RNA group (P<0.05). The cell positive rate of TUNEL cells in the si-HOTAIR group was (35.14±3.50)%, significantly higher than (20.16±2.18)% in the control group and (21.09±2.35)% in the si-RNA group (P<0.05). The median inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of the si-HOTAIR group was (62.48±5.97) μmol/L, significantly lower than (88.27±9.05) μmol/L of the control group and (92.50±9.11) μmol/L of the si-RNA group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Suppression of LncRNA HOTAIR can inhibit the proliferation of Wilms tumor cells, promote cell apoptosis, decrease cell resistance to cisplatin. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation.

Evaluation of Biological Activity of Different Wavelengths of Low-Level Laser Therapy on the Cancer Prostate Cell Line Compared With Cisplatin.

Introduction: Cancer is one of the most important problems in the world. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been emerged as a new approach, having both stimulation and inhibition effects on cellular function. The goal of this study was to analyze and compare the different concentrations of cisplatin and wavelengths of laser therapy on the LnCap cell lines. Methods: LnCap cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of cisplatin (0.1, 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 2 µg/mL for 24 hours) and wavelengths of laser therapy (610, 630 and 810 nm) (0.45 J/cm2) separately. The viability of cells was examined by MTT assay and IC50 was also calculated. Furthermore, a combination of cisplatin IC50 (24 hours) and different wavelengths of the laser was examined. Results: The results of this study showed that 2 µg/mL of cisplatin has the most significant reduction effect on the cell viability of the LnCap cell line. Cisplatin decreased the viability of cells in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, IC50 of cisplatin was 1.24 µg/mL. On the other hand, LLLT with wavelengths of 610, 630 and 810 nm did not show notable biological effects on cell viability. Conclusion: As known, cisplatin has the capability to reduce the viability of LnCap cell lines. However, LLLT cannot be a remarkable option for the treatment of prostate cancer. Therefore, although laser therapy showed praiseful therapeutic activity against some cancer cell lines, in this study the results indicated that defined laser wavelengths had no inhibitory effects against the prostate cancer cell line.

Emodin enhances cisplatin sensitivity in non-small cell lung cancer through Pgp downregulation.

Cisplatin resistance is one of the main causes of chemotherapy failure and tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Emodin has been demonstrated to induce NSCLC cell apoptosis and act as a potential cancer therapeutic agent. However, whether emodin could affect NSCLC cell sensitivity toward cisplatin remains unclear. The present study aimed to determine the effect of emodin and cisplatin combination on the chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells. A549 and H460 cells were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin and/or emodin. Cell Counting Kit-8, fluorescence microscopy, immunofluorescence assays and flow cytometry were used to determine cell proliferation, drug efflux, DNA damage level and cell apoptosis, respectively. P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1) expression was detected by western blotting. The results demonstrated that emodin and cisplatin inhibited the proliferation of A549 and H460 cells. Furthermore, emodin inhibited the drug efflux in A549 and H460 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, emodin enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis and DNA damage in A549 and H460 cells. Emodin also decreased Pgp expression in A549 and H460 cells in a dose-dependent manner; however, it had no effect on MRP1 expression. Taken together, the results from the present study demonstrated that emodin can increase A549 and H460 cell sensitivity to cisplatin by inhibiting Pgp expression. Emodin may therefore be considered as an effective adjuvant for cisplatin treatment.

In Vitro Study of Synergic Effect of Cisplatin and Low Molecular Weight Heparin on Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

ObjectivesTo evaluate the possible synergic effect of cisplatin and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).Materials and MethodsCisplatin and enoxaparin sodium, alone or in combination, were administered at doses of 1, 2, 4, 8 and 10 µM and 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, and 100 µg/ml, respectively, to the H357 human OSCC line. The effects on cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated after 24, 48, and 72 h and on cell migration after 18 and 24 h.Results10 µM concentration of cisplatin produced the greatest decrease in cell viability, with significant differences at 24 (p=0.009), 48 (p=0.001) and 72 h (p = 0.003); the 100 µg/ml dose of enoxaparin produced the greatest decrease in cell viability but without significant differences (p>0.05). When different concentrations of cisplatin and enoxaparin were combined, it was found that 100 µg/ml enoxaparin sodium produced the greatest synergic effect on cell viability reduction. In analyses of apoptosis and cell migration, it was found that the combination of cisplatin at 8 or 10 μM and 100 μg/ml enoxaparin produced a higher rate of apoptosis at 24, 48, and 72 h and a greater reduction in cell migration at 18 and 24 h.ConclusionsA combination of cisplatin and enoxaparin sodium shows a synergic effect that reduces cell viability and cell migration capacity and increases the apoptosis of human OSCC cells.Clinical relevanceEnoxaparin may be beneficial in chemotherapy for patients with OSCC; this finding requires further clinical and laboratory investigation.

RING finger protein 38 induces the drug resistance of cisplatin in non-small-cell lung cancer.

Cisplatin resistance of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) needs to be well elucidated. RING finger protein (RNF38) has been proposed as a biomarker of NSCLC poor prognosis. However, its role in drug resistance in NSCLC is poorly understood. RNF38 expression was detected in normal lung epithelial cell and four NSCLC cell lines. RNF38 was stably overexpressed in A549 and H460 cells or silenced in H1975 and cisplatin-resistant A549 cells (A549-CDDP resistant) using lentiviral vectors. RNF38 expression levels were determined using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting analysis. Cell viability in response to different concentrations of cisplatin was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. RNF38 expression levels were markedly elevated in NSCLC cells and cells harboring high RNF38 were less sensitive to cisplatin. Overexpression of RNF38 reduced, while RNF38 silencing increased the drug sensitivity of cisplatin in NSCLC cells. Cisplatin-resistant cells expressed high RNF38 level. RNF38 silencing promoted cell apoptosis and enhanced the drug sensitivity of cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant NSCLC cells. These findings indicate that RNF38 might induce cisplatin resistance of NSCLC cells via promoting cell apoptosis and RNF38 could be a novel target for rectify cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cases.