Different Concentrations Of Arginine Research Articles

Arginine combination with fluoride and calcium glycerophosphate: effects of concentration and on biofilm fluid.

Aim: To study the influence of varying concentrations of arginine (Arg) combined with fluoride (F) and/or calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) on biofilms.Materials & methods: Biofilms were analyzed for acidogenicity, microbial viability and Ca, F and inorganic phosphorus (P) concentrations.Results: For total bacteria, the lowest viability was found in F-containing groups, regardless of the arginine concentrations and presence of CaGP. For aciduric bacteria, no significant differences were found among arginine concentrations in the presence of F. For MS, arginine concentrations did not influence MS viability in the presence of fluoride and CaGP only decreased viability at 3.2% Arg concentration. The arginine-treated groups showed the lowest acidogenicity. For ion concentrations in biofilms, CaGP showed the highest values for P; Arg+F for F; and CaGP/Arg+CaGP for Ca.Conclusion: Different concentrations of arginine did not affect the microbial viability or acidogenicity of biofilms. Moreover, 0.8% Arg did not increase ion concentration in biofilm fluid.

Postharvest treatment of arginine maintains the storage quality of fresh‐cut button mushrooms ( Agaricus bisporus )

Fresh-sliced button mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) are extremely perishable and deteriorate much faster than intact fruit bodies during storage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different concentrations of arginine on the storage quality of fresh-sliced A. bisporus. All the arginine treatments showed the ability to maintain the quality of fresh-cut A. bisporus. The 0.4 mM arginine treatment most effectively maintained the sensory properties of fresh-cut button mushrooms because it delayed browning and weight loss, inhibited the increase in malondialdehyde content and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and promoted the activity of peroxidase and catalase, and increased the content of total phenolic and flavonoid substances. The 0.4 mM arginine treatment also significantly lowered the expression levels of three PPO genes on day 2. These results indicate that arginine treatment has a great potential to be applied for the quality retention of fresh-sliced mushrooms during storage. Practical applications This research reveals the ability of arginine as a preservative to prolong the storage life of mushroom slices. The completion of this research also provides a new and helpful insight into the preservation approach of fresh-cut products.

Comparative study for the effect of arginine and sodium nitroprusside on sunflower plants grown under salinity stress conditions

BackgroundThe application of the free radical nitric oxide (NO) donors (arginine and sodium nitroprusside) have protective effects on plants in alleviating salinity stress throughout improving the enzymatic activities of antioxidant enzymes and osmotic adjustment which induced plant antioxidative defense system. This experiment carried out to study the effect of soaking seeds of sunflower plant in different concentrations of arginine or sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on growth, some physiological parameters, yield and chemical composition of the yielded seeds of sunflower under salinity stress.ResultsGrowth parameters (shoot length, stem diameter, no. of leaves, shoot fresh, and dry weights) decreased significantly with salinity stress and such effect ameliorated using the two levels of both arginine and SNP. Photosynthetic pigments significantly increased in the arginine and SNP treated plants under salinity stress or not stressed ones. Phenol and indole acetic acid as well as compatible solutes as total soluble sugar and proline showed highly significant increase with arginine and SNP treatments either in unstressed plants or those under salinity stress conditions. Free amino acids showed significant increase in both unstressed and stressed sunflower plants treated with either arginine or SNP. High level of arginine recorded the highest values of TSS, proline, free AA, phenol, and IAA in both unstressed and salinity stressed plants. Arginine and SNP with salinity levels showed a highly significant increase in various antioxidant enzymes compared to the control plants. Arginine or SNP at all tested concentrations decreased significantly plant content of Na, while K and P highly significantly increased and Ca, Mg, and N non-significantly increased. The yield parameters showed in general highly significant increase in head diameter, 100-seed weight, seed yield/plant, and oil% with arginine or SNP with the superiority of the higher concentration of both treatment materials. Both arginine and SNP increased markedly total unsaturated (TU) fatty acids as well as TU/TS with superiority of high concentration of SNP treatment in that domain.ConclusionSoaking seeds of sunflower plant with arginine and SNP improved yield parameters of sunflower. High level of SNP under salinity stress conditions proved to be the most effective.

Protein Binding Kinetics in Multimodal Systems: Implications for Protein Separations.

In this work, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) was employed to study the kinetic processes involved in the interaction of proteins with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of multimodal (MM) ligands. SAMs were fabricated to mimic two chromatographic multimodal resins with varying accessibility of the aromatic moiety to provide a well-defined model system. Kinetic parameters were determined for two different proteins in the presence of the arginine and guanidine and a comparison was made with chromatographic retention data. The results indicated that the accessibility of the ligand's aromatic moiety can have an important impact on the kinetics and chromatographic retention behavior. Interestingly, arginine and guanidine had very different effects on the protein adsorption and desorption kinetics in these MM systems. For cytochrome C, arginine resulted in a significant decrease and increase in the adsorption and desorption rates, respectively, while guanidine produced a dramatic increase in the desorption rate, with minimal effect on the adsorption rate. In addition, at different concentrations of arginine, two distinct kinetic scenarios were observed. For α-chymotrypsin, the presence of 0.1 M guanidine in the aromatic exposed ligand system produced an increase in the adsorption rate and only a moderate increase in the desorption rate, which helped to explain the surprising increase in the chromatographic salt elution concentration. These results demonstrate that protein adsorption kinetics in the presence of different mobile phase modifiers and MM ligand chemistries can play an important role in contributing to selectivity in MM chromatography.

Arginine increases development of in vitro-produced porcine embryos and affects the protein arginine methyltransferase-dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-nitric oxide axis.

Culture systems promote development at rates lower than the in vivo environment. Here, we evaluated the embryo's transcriptome to determine what the embryo needs during development. A previous mRNA sequencing endeavour found upregulation of solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 1 (SLC7A1), an arginine transporter, in in vitro- compared with in vivo-cultured embryos. In the present study, we added different concentrations of arginine to our culture medium to meet the needs of the porcine embryo. Increasing arginine from 0.12 to 1.69mM improved the number of embryos that developed to the blastocyst stage. These blastocysts also had more total nuclei compared with controls and, specifically, more trophectoderm nuclei. Embryos cultured in 1.69mM arginine had lower SLC7A1 levels and a higher abundance of messages involved with glycolysis (hexokinase 1, hexokinase 2 and glutamic pyruvate transaminase (alanine aminotransferase) 2) and decreased expression of genes involved with blocking the tricarboxylic acid cycle (pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase, isozyme 1) and the pentose phosphate pathway (transaldolase 1). Expression of the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) genes PRMT1, PRMT3 and PRMT5 throughout development was not affected by arginine. However, the dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) and DDAH2 message was found to be differentially regulated through development, and the DDAH2 protein was localised to the nuclei of blastocysts. Arginine has a positive effect on preimplantation development and may be affecting the nitric oxide-DDAH-PRMT axis.

Arginine improves peroxisome functioning in cells from patients with a mild peroxisome biogenesis disorder

BackgroundZellweger spectrum disorders (ZSDs) are multisystem genetic disorders caused by a lack of functional peroxisomes, due to mutations in one of the PEX genes, encoding proteins involved in peroxisome biogenesis. The phenotypic spectrum of ZSDs ranges from an early lethal form to much milder presentations. In cultured skin fibroblasts from mildly affected patients, peroxisome biogenesis can be partially impaired which results in a mosaic catalase immunofluorescence pattern. This peroxisomal mosaicism has been described for specific missense mutations in various PEX genes. In cell lines displaying peroxisomal mosaicism, peroxisome biogenesis can be improved when these are cultured at 30°C. This suggests that these missense mutations affect the folding and/or stability of the encoded protein. We have studied if the function of mutant PEX1, PEX6 and PEX12 can be improved by promoting protein folding using the chemical chaperone arginine.MethodsFibroblasts from three PEX1 patients, one PEX6 and one PEX12 patient were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of arginine. To determine the effect on peroxisome biogenesis we studied the following parameters: number of peroxisome-positive cells, levels of PEX1 protein and processed thiolase, and the capacity to β-oxidize very long chain fatty acids and pristanic acid.ResultsPeroxisome biogenesis and function in fibroblasts with mild missense mutations in PEX1, 6 and 12 can be improved by arginine.ConclusionArginine may be an interesting compound to promote peroxisome function in patients with a mild peroxisome biogenesis disorder.

Chemical chaperones improve peroxisomal biogenesis in fibroblasts of mild Zellweger syndrome spectrum patients

s ingediend voor het Amsterdam Kindersymposium 2013 21 Chemical chaperones improve peroxisomal biogenesis in fibroblasts of mild Zellweger syndrome spectrum patients Kevin Bere ndse (1,2), Merel S. Ebberink (1), Lodewijk IJlst (1), Bwee Tien Poll-The (2), Ronald J.A. Wanders(1), Hans R. Waterham (1) (1) Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (2) Department of Paediatric Neurology, Emma Children’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands INTRODUCTION Zellweger syndrome spectrum (ZSS) disorders are multisystem genetic disorders which lack functional peroxisomes due to a defect in one of the PEX genes. The ZSS include three phenotypes, which represent a spectrum of disease severity with Zellweger syndrome (ZS) being the most severe. In contrast to patients with the ZS phenotype, mild patients can be characterized by very mildly abnormal peroxisomal parameters in cultured skin fi broblasts, including a mosaic catalase immunofl uorescence pattern. Such a mosaic pattern is described for specifi c missense mutations in various PEX genes. Possibly, these missense mutations cause an unstable and/or incorrect folded native state of the protein. We hypothesize that the functional activity of the mutant PEX1 can be enhanced by promoting protein folding with chemical chaperones (e.g. glycerol or arginine) and thereby stimulating peroxisome biogenesis. METHODS Fibroblasts from four patients with a defect in PEX1 and two controls were cultured for up to three weeks in DMEM medium with diff erent concentrations of arginine or glycerol. To determine the eff ect of diff erent chemicals on peroxisome biogenesis we studied the following parameters: (1) the levels of PEX1 protein, (2) the peroxisomal protein import capacity, (3) the levels of intra peroxisomal processed protein, and (4) the capacity to β-oxidize very long chain fatty acids. CONCLUSION The addition of arginine or glycerol to the medium improved both the peroxisomal biogenesis and the peroxisomal metabolic state of fi broblasts with a missense mutation in PEX1. We hypothesize that a signifi cant number of ZSS patients may benefi t from arginine treatment.

Effect of adding arginine in different concentrations on some physical properties of poor motile bull sperms during different months

In order to investigate the effect of adding arginine on poor motile bull sperms, this study was conducted in Artificial Insemination Center, Iraq, from December, 2008 to July, 2009. 114 ejaculates with poor motile sperms estimated (30 to 55%) were collected by artificial vagina (AV) from 10 Holstein bulls and extended with Tris-yolk-fructose extender supplemented with different concentrations of arginine (0, 0.002, 0.003, 0.004, 0.005 and 0.006 M/ml) for the determination of spermatozoa motility, dead and abnormalities percentages, and acrosoma abnormalities percentage. Results showed that adding different concentrations of arginine to poor motile bull sperms extended with Tris-yolk-fructose extender gradually increased the motility of spermatozoa but the best concentrations was 0.005 and 0.006 M/ml with significant (P < 0.05) differences when compared with the control during all month of this study, and months December and January gave better significant (P < 0.05) quality of semen compared with April, May, June and July, and last two months (June and July) gave lower significant (P < 0.05) different motility and high significant (P < 0.05) different percentage of dead, abnormality and abnormal acrosoma when compared with other months. Key words: Arginine, physical properties, poor motile, bull sperm.

Effect of arginine on the alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes of alcohol metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Arginine possesses advantageous pharmacological properties such as liver injury protection. We have previously shown that the arginine stimulated the activities of commercial alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC 1.1.1.1) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH, EC 1.2.1.10) enzymes in vitro experiment. We therefore examined on the activities, zymogram staining intensity, and protein expression of alcohol metabolizing ADH and ALDH in Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultured in a medium supplemented with different concentrations of arginine. The enhanced activity, zymogram staining intensity, and protein expression of ADH in the cell-free extracts of S. cerevisiae showed at 0.01 and 0.05% (w/v) arginine supplementation. These parameters of ALDH in the cell-free extracts of S. cerevisiae showed in the 0.005-0.05% arginine treatment concentration, but these parameters were shown to be decreased at a concentration of 0.1% (w/v) arginine, which was the highest supplementation. These results indicate that arginine can be used to enhance the enzyme activities, staining intensity for the protein activity in the zymogram analysis, and increased protein expression of ADH and ALDH in S. cerevisiae. These results also indicate that arginine can be used to the protection of alcoholic liver injury and hangover by strong activation of alcohol metabolizing ADH and ALDH.

Extracorporeal photochemotherapy induces arginase 1 in patients with graft versus host disease

The benefits of extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP; psoralen and UVA exposure of blood mononuclear cells) in graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) are well-recognized, but the mechanisms of action remain elusive. As the metabolism of l-arginine in immune cells is known to play a role in immune tolerance, we investigated the effect of ECP on arginine metabolism, and the influence of extracellular l -arginine concentration on the response to ECP in cells from patients on therapy by ECP for a GVHD and healthy donors cultured before and after ECP in the presence of different concentrations of arginine (0, 50, 100, 200 and 1000μmol/l). At baseline arginine was not metabolized through the same pathway in patients and donors. When cells were exposed to ECP, the production of ornithine but not NO° was enhanced, while mRNA of arginase 1 was up-regulated but not INOS. In GVHD patients, increasing arginine concentration resulted in down-regulation of IFNγ and TNFα mRNA expression, whereas IL10 was up-regulated especially at physiological plasma levels (between 0 and 100μM). Overall, our study shows that ECP orients the metabolism of arginine toward the arginase pathway together with shifting the cytokine profile toward IL-10, providing new insights into the enigmatic mechanism of action of ECP.

Arginine enhances induction of T helper 1 and T helper 2 cytokine synthesis by Peyer's patch alpha beta T cells and antigen-specific mucosal immune response.

The effects of arginine on cell proliferation and subsequent T helper (Th) 1 and Th 2 cytokine synthesis by murine Peyer's patch (PP) Th cells in vitro and the influence of arginine on the induction of antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immune responses in vivo were examined. When the PP T cells were stimulated with the anti-alpha beta T cell receptor (TCR) antibody in the presence of different concentrations of arginine, a higher proliferative response was observed in the culture with an optimal concentration of arginine compared with that with a minimum amount of this amino acid. The concentration of cytokines in the supernatant, the number of cytokine-producing cells and the cytokine-specific mRNA expression of PP T cells were also increased in a dose-dependent fashion. Furthermore, when mice fed on an arginine-supplemented liquid diet were orally immunized with tetanus toxoid plus cholera toxin as a mucosal adjuvant, a higher level of antigen-specific fecal IgA was observed when compared with the response in mice fed on an arginine-free diet. Taken together, these results suggest that arginine enhanced antigen-specific mucosal immune response resulting from the supporting activation of cell proliferation and subsequent cytokine synthesis of PP Th cells.