Different Concentrations Of Ampicillin Research Articles

Machine Learning-Driven 3D Plasmonic Cavity-in-Cavity Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Platform with Triple Synergistic Enhancement Toward Label-Free Detection of Antibiotics in Milk.

The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique with ultrahigh sensitivity has gained attention to meet the increasing demands for food safety analysis. The integration of machine learning and SERS facilitates the practical applicability of sensing devices. In this study, a machine learning-driven 3D plasmonic cavity-in-cavity (CIC) SERS platform is proposed for sensitive and quantitative detection of antibiotics. The platform is prepared by transferring truncated concave nanocubes (NCs) to an obconical-shaped template surface. Owing to the triple synergistic enhancement effect, the highly ordered 3D CIC arrays improve the simulated electromagnetic field intensity and experimental SERS activity, demonstrating a 33.1-fold enhancement compared to a typical system consisting of Au NCs deposited on a flat substrate. The integration of machine learning and Raman spectroscopy eliminates subjective judgments on the concentration of detectors using a single feature peak and achieves accurate identification. The machine learning-driven CIC SERS platform is capable of detecting ampicillin traces in milk with a detection limit of 0.1ppm, facilitating quantitative analysis of different concentrations of ampicillin. Therefore, the proposed platform has potential applications in food safety monitoring, health care, and environmental sampling.

Evaluation of the Inhibition Effectiveness of Ampicillin in the Corrosion Steel in Acid Solution

The increasing number of applications for carbon steel not only in industry and everyday life, but especially in medical applications requires knowledge on its susceptibility towards electrochemical corrosion in different environments, especially in acidic and neutral environments, including the human body. Moreover, the interest of the research community is still focused on finding suitable compounds, which provide good inhibition effectiveness in the specific corrosion environment, are affordable and are considered environmentally friendly. Ampicillin is a common β-lactam antibiotic of the penicillin family used to treat bacterial infections. In this work, we discuss the inhibition effectiveness of ampicillin as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in acidic solution at room temperature, using the weight loss method, at different concentrations of ampicillin. The inhibition effectiveness of ampicillin in 0.02 M HCl solution increased with increasing its concentration. Indeed, the highest inhibition effectiveness (90.7%) was achieved for the highest inhibitor concentration (1.0 wt.% ampicillin).

Physiological and kinetic evaluation of ampicillin oxidation as unique electron source by a denitrifying sludge

AbstractBACKGROUNDDenitrification allows the simultaneous oxidation of recalcitrant compounds and the reduction of nitrate. Scarce information on consumption and oxidation of ampicillin (AMP) as sole electron source is found in the literature. The physiological and kinetic ability of a denitrifying sludge without previous exposure to antibiotics for oxidizing several AMP concentrations was evaluated.RESULTSComplete denitrification was accomplished in batch reference assays with acetate (20–100 mg C L−1) and nitrate (C/N 1.1) within 4 h of culture, resulting in yields of HCO3− (YHCO3−) and N2 (YN2) of 0.89–1.0 mg C or N produced mg−1 C or N consumed, respectively. Assays amended with different concentrations of AMP (5–100 mg C L−1) as unique electron source at stoichiometric C/N ratio (0.86) showed that within 8–12 h of culture the antibiotic was totally consumed and oxidized to HCO3− and CO2 (YHCO3− between 0.27 and 0.67 and YCO2 between 0.35 and 0.54 mg C produced mg−1 C consumed), while nitrate was mostly reduced to N2 (YN2 = 0.77–1.0 mg N produced mg−1 N consumed). At AMP concentrations higher than 20 mg C L−1, N2O and carbon intermediates production was detected. Decreases of 20–90% in denitrifying specific rates were determined regarding the denitrifying reference. After exposure to the antibiotic, the sludge was able to recover its denitrifying activity in the absence of AMP with no N2O accumulation, whereas only 39% of the denitrification rates were recuperated.CONCLUSIONIt was clearly evidenced that AMP was used as electron donor for conducting denitrification; however, the denitrifying process occurred at lower specific rates. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

Rapid and miniaturized method for detection of hygiene indicators, Escherichia coli and coliforms, in dairy products

AbstractCurrent investigation was aimed to develop colorimetric tests for rapid detection of Escherichia coli/coliforms. These test (s) for E. coli and coliforms were developed using the modified E. coli selective medium (M‐ECSM) and coliform selective medium, respectively. The selective media contain a combination of group specific marker enzymes and selective agents. The marker enzymes were screened using chromogenic substrates wherein β‐D‐glucuronidase and glutamate decarboxylase were found specific for E. coli while β‐D‐galactosidase for coliforms. The selectivity of the media was achieved using different concentrations of ampicillin and gentamicin. The optimized test procedures enabled sensitive detection of 0.35 ± 0.10 log cfu/ml of E. coli and 0.57 ± 0.15 log cfu/ml of coliforms at 37°C within 14.30 ± 0.45 and 12.15 ± 0.30 hr, respectively. M‐ECSM selectively inhibited major Enterobacteriaceae contaminants (Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia) up to 6 log cfu/ml. Moreover, better selectivity of M‐ECSM was reported against tested commercial chromogenic media. Field evaluation of developed test (s) reported prevalence of E. coli/coliforms as 57.29/88.54% in 96 raw milk and 16.28/51.16% in 43 pasteurized milk samples. Further, test components were vacuum dried in the form of miniaturized point‐of‐need test for field application in dairy farms and industries with minimal infrastructural requirements.

Enhanced antibiotic activity of ampicillin conjugated to gold nanoparticles on PEGylated rosette nanotubes.

PurposeThis work presents the preparation of a nanocomposite of ampicillin-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and self-assembled rosette nanotubes (RNTs), and evaluates its antibacterial properties against two strains of drug-resistant bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus [S. aureus], methicillin-resistant S. aureus [MRSA]).Materials and methodsSmall, nearly monodisperse AuNPs (1.43±0.5 nm in diameter) nucleated on the surface of polyethylene glycol-functionalized RNTs in a one-pot reaction. Upon conjugation with ampicillin, their diameter increased to 1.86±0.32 nm. The antibacterial activity of the nanocomposite against S. aureus and MRSA was tested using different concentrations of ampicillin. The cytocompatibility of the nanocomposite was also tested against human dermal fibroblasts.ResultsBased on bacterial inhibition studies, the nanocomposite demonstrated enhanced antibiotic activity against both bacterial strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the nanocomposite against S. aureus was found to be 0.58 μg/mL, which was 18% lower than ampicillin alone. The nanocomposite also exhibited a 20 hrs MIC of 4 μg/mL against MRSA, approximately 10–20 times lower than previously reported values for ampicillin alone. In addition, at concentrations of 4 μg/mL of ampicillin (70 μg/mL of AuNPs), the nanocomposite showed negligible cytotoxic effects.ConclusionOur findings offer a new approach for the treatment of drug-resistant bacteria by potentiating inhibitory effects of existing antibiotics, and delivering them using a non-toxic formulation.

Influence of Selected Antibiotics on the Tomato Regeneration in In Vitro Cultures

Generally, antimicrobial agents are frequently used in micropropagation techniques to obtain free elite clones or after genetic transformation to select putative transformants. Their successful application minimizes bacterial contamination however; they may be phytotoxic and may diversely affect the regeneration ability in plant tissue cultures. The objective of the current study was to estimate the effects of four antibiotics i.e. ampicillin, carbenicillin, cefotaxime and kanamycin on morphogenesis of three Polish tomato cultivars, cultured on MS medium with phytohormones. In this experiment the ability of tomato cotyledon explants to regenerate entire plants via indirect organogenesis was tested. Among four antibiotics tested, kanamycin was most harmful for the explants. This antibiotic, even at low doses (10-20 mg/L), inhibited tomato morphogenesis. On the other hand, the current study revealed significant influence of different concentrations of ampicillin, carbenicillin, cefotaxime on the frequency of bud formation. While the addition of cefotaxime at low concentration (100-200 mg/L) stimulated the bud formation, its increasing concentration adversely affected the organogenesis of tomato. The results clearly pointed out that carbenicillin and ampicillin at low concentrations (100-400 mg/L) were not only non-toxic, but they promoted bud regeneration. The obtained results show the crucial role not only of use of efficient antibiotics, but also of their proper doses in obtaining successful transformation and regeneration of tomato.
 
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 In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue.
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Micropropagation’s Complete Protocol of Red Araçá (Psidium cattleianum, Myrtaceae) from Germinated Seeds in vitro

Red Araçá’s (Psidium cattleianum) micropropagation processes have shown enormous potential both in terms of research and as a sustainable native resource to be used in the areas of food production, ecology, and pharmacology. Currently, however, despite that potential, research efforts involving this myrtaceae, native to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, have been scarce. With that in mind, this study set out to establish micropropagation techniques that would allow the development of a feasible protocol to be used with Red Araçá, achieving its mircropropagation from in vitro germinated seeds. Different types of explants were tested for in vitro establishment. For the multiplication of nodal segments, different concentrations of BAP and IAA combinations were tested in an MS medium. Using the same medium, different concentrations of ampicillin were applied in order to determine its influence on the decontamination of the apical segments. The BAP and IAA combinations were also used to test their effects on the in vitro explants’ development and rooting. During pre-acclimatization, survival of in vitro rooted plants was tested in a nebulizer chamber, using a commercial substrate and that same substrate mixed with washed sand (1:1). In essence, it was indeed possible to develop a complete protocol for the micropropagation of the Red Araçá from seedlings obtained by in vitro germination. The in vitro introduction of the Red Araçá was rather efficient, independently of the type of explants used. As the BAP and IAA concentrations increased, so did the in vitro seedlings’ development (7 leaves explant-1) and rooting (67%). Additionally, the in vitro rooted plants exhibited a high rate of survival (80%) in the pre-acclimatization phase, independently of the substrate used.

Electronic Transmission of Antibacterial Property Into Water at Extremely Low Frequency Range: A Preliminary Study.

The aim of this study was to assess the possibility of transmitting the "ampicillin" growth inhibitory property to pure sterile water. Three control groups were designed as references of bacterial maximal growth (MG). Different concentrations of ampicillin and pure sterile water used as "positive" and "negative" controls, respectively, and the bacterial cultures supplemented with water that merely exposed to the background carrier waves were set as "sham control." The electronic characteristic of the ampicillin solution relayed to the water and then it was added to the bacterial culture medium. By this treatment, water received both the carrier wave and ampicillin electronic properties at 1-105 Hz range. When the MG of the "treated water" and "positive control" dilutions is getting normalized against either sham or negative control, the treated water competently imitates ampicillin in a way that there is no significant difference with the positive control. These results will be affected to some extent by the time of electronic transmission and the inoculation concentration of bacterial culture. Comparison of electromagnetic signal patterns of "treated water" with the "positive control" shows that they are more similar to each other rather than negative control. It is believed that the extremely low frequencies can facilitate electronic transmission of ampicillin supramolecular chemistry into water. Imprinting such a property in water could be the result of durable structural configuration in treated water.

Analysis of aerobic granules under the toxic effect of ampicillin in sequencing batch reactors: Performance and microbial community

To study the change of the aerobic granules' microbial community in the present of antibiotics, ampicillin (AMP) was selected as a model component. With acetate as carbon source, different concentrations of AMP (5, 10 and 15 mg L−1) were applied to the inflow intermittently and the results showed that the stability of the aerobic granules was maintained below 10 mg L−1 AMP. Simultaneously, under exposure to 5 and 10 mg L−1 AMP, the COD removal efficiency in the batch reactors remained at 86% and AMP was degraded almost completely with a removal efficiency of 97%. However, the EPS concentration and dehydrogenase activity decreased constantly with increasing AMP dosage.High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that Proteobacteria was the most prominent phylum in the whole experiment and contributed to the degradation of AMP. The percentages of Azoarcus and Mycoplana increased at 10 mg L−1 AMP. In addition, Hydrogenophaga and Enterococcus played a key role in the microbial metabolism.

The Increase in Protein and Plasmid Yields of E. coli with Optimized Concentration of Ampicillin as Selection Marker

Background:Escherichia coli is still the common host for ing and heterologous protein expression. Various strategies have been employed to increase protein expression in E. coli, but, it seems that external factors such as selection marker concentration can drastically affect the yield of protein and plasmid. Objectives: Alterations of protein expression and plasmid yields of E. coli in different concentrations of ampicillin, as selection marker, will be determined. In order to improve heterologous expression, the system will be redesigned and optimized. Materials and Methods: The expression cassette of codon optimized EGFP for E. coli was synthesized in pUC57. The pUC57-GFP was transformed into E. coli Top10F'. The expression of GFP was verified by SDS-PAGE and flow cytometry after induction by IPTG (0.5 mM) and incubation with 0, 100, 200 and 300 μg.mL-1 ampicillin. Plasmid copy numbers of samples were determined by Real-Time PCR on AMP gene using regression line of diluted standard curve. Results: GFP expressing clones formed fair green colonies on LB agar supplemented with 0.5 mM IPTG and showed fluorescence in FL1 filter of flow cytometry and an extra protein band on SDS-PAGE gel. The fluorescent intensity of GFP in 0, 100, 200 and 300 μg.mL-1 ampicillin in medium were 549.83, 549.78, 1443.52, 684.87, and plasmid copy numbers were 6.07×109 , 3.21×109 , 2.32×1010 , 8.11×108 , respectively. The plasmid yields were 55 ng.μL-1, 69 ng.μL-1, 164 ng.μL-1 and 41 ng.μL-1, respectively. Conclusion: Protein and plasmid yields of E. coli are variable in different concentrations of ampicillin and need to be optimized in newly designed expression systems. Protein and plasmid yield in the optimized concentration (200 μg.mL-1) was significantly (p < 0.01) higher than other doses.

Interaction between a Broad-spectrum Antibiotic and Silver Nanoparticles in a Human Gut Ecosystem

The antimicrobial properties of engineered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have led to their wide use in diverse consumer products. Ampicillin too, acts as a broad-spectrum antibiotic and thus is prescribed for the treatment of many common infections, but with the problematic emergence of ampicillin-resistant bacteria. As a consequence, there has been some interest in the combination of these two distinct chemistries prompted by the clinical challenge of resistance. Prior to trials of combination therapy, however, it is important to understand the impact on human microbiomes. Here we investigated the effect of ampicillin and AgNPs, both individually and in a combined therapy on a human intestinal ecosystem known as a defined experimental community (DEC-60). The DEC-60 consortia was co-treated with a concentration of AgNPs (50 mg/L) known to have a minimal impact, and a broad range of the antibiotic up to the clinical dose (6 mg/L). The addition of AgNPs to sub-clinical doses of ampicillin (0.06 and 0.6 mg/L) had a significantly impact (p<0.001-0.05) on gas production (%CO2 and %N2) and changed the composition of fatty acid methyl ester signatures so that they were distinct from each individual antimicrobial, as well as un-treated control cultures. DNA sequencing, supported by multidimensional scaling analysis, confirmed the community shift and showed distinct phylogenetic distributions at different concentrations of ampicillin, depending on the presence of AgNPs. Together, these results suggest that the antibacterial efficacy of sub-clinical doses of ampicillin was increased by AgNPs, possibly due to the synergistic effect of damage to the bacterial cell walls. Not only does this analysis provide insight into AgNP toxicity, it offers some promise that combined antimicrobial therapies may have value in a clinical setting.

Sustained drug release and antibacterial activity of ampicillin incorporated poly(methyl methacrylate)–nylon6 core/shell nanofibers

In vitro drug release mechanism of core/shell nanofibers of poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA)–nylon6 fabricated through coaxial electrospinning containing different concentrations of ampicillin was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Korsmeyer–Peppas equation and Fickian diffusion model were utilized to characterize the system. Antibacterial activity of the designed drug delivery system was investigated against Gram-positive Listeria innocua through optical density (OD) measurement. The system showed sustained drug release through three stages; although the release in stage I followed non-Fickian diffusion, Fickian diffusion was proven to be the release mechanism of stages II and III. A significant decrease in the diffusion coefficient from stage II to stage III was observed, which is believed to be the consequence of crystallization of fibers as a result of long-term incubation in an aqueous solution. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the system was verified by means of optical density (OD) measurements against Gram-positive L. innocua.

Effect of Ampicillin as Bacteriostats on the Performance of Phosphate Solubilizing &lt;i&gt;Rhizobium. Meliloti&lt;/i&gt; Inoculants

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ampicillin as bacteriostats on the number of P solubilizing and antibiotic-anti-Rhizobium. meliloticells and contamination in inoculants during one year storage, and plant promotion ability of subgeneration cells of antibiotic-resistant phosphate-solubilizing R. meliloti strain LW107 growth on YMA plates containing different concentrations of ampicillin were also investigated. In the first experiment, 100 mg liter-1 ampicillin was added in inoculants, number of R.meliloticells and contamination in inoculants were investigated at two temperatures, using both liquid and peat based solid inoculants in experiment. Statistical design was a complete randomized block in a factorial 2×2×2 experimental arrangement with 4 replicates. Results show that there are various viable cells and contamination levels in inoculants. The ampicillin increased R.melilotiLW107 viable cells and inoculants stored at low temperature with lesser contamination when ampicillin been added. To clarify whether ampicillin affect the main character of R.melilotiLW107 cells, the ability of calcium phosphate solubilization and IAA production in ampicillin-containing conditions was determined. Results indicated that the ability of calcium phosphate solubilization and IAA production have no significant difference on 6th generation cells of R.melilotiLW107 between the growth plates and the lack of ampicillin. In the third experiment, the plant growth promotion of the ampicillin-containing inoculants on alfalfa seedlings was determined in sterile sand conditions in a temperature-controlled growth chamber at 20 -25°C for 35 days. We also found that no significant difference on nodule numbers between diluted liquids ampicillin-containing inoculants and the common liquid inoculants containing no ampicillin, but plant growth and efficiency of nitrogen-fixing responded to undiluted liquids inoculants containing ampicillin with a decrease in biomass and nitrogenase activity indicating that the five-fold dilutions of the ampicillin-containing inoculants are necessary for applications.

Regrowth of Escherichia coli after brief exposure to different concentrations of ampicillin and azlocillin.

Regrowth of Escherichia coli after brief exposure to different concentrations of ampicillin and azlocillin.

Penicillin-induced lysis in Escherichia coli.

SUMMARY: The paper is a survey of the action of α-aminobenzylpenicillin (ampicillin) on Escherichia coli. The rate at which lysis was induced in exponentially growing organisms was studied for different concentrations of ampicillin, using pure D- and L-forms as well as a 6:4 mixture. The interpolated concentration of penicillin which gives lysis in one generation, the ‘LIOG value’, has been used for characterization of penicillin derivatives with twelve different side chains. These LIOG values were also used for characterization of some penicillin-resistant mutants. The lysis rate has been recorded for cultures of concentrations between 4 x 105 and 108 rods/ml, and found to be independent of the population density. The use of five different media showed that for a given ampicillin concentration the time to lysis was proportional to the growth rate. The addition of penicillinase to a culture growing with penicillin rescued the organisms as late as a few minutes before lysis. Synergistic effects on the lysis rates were found with 6-amino-penicillanic acid and two amino acids, which as residues are side chains, in two of the penicillins tested. Different models for penicillin action in E, coli are discussed.