Different Combinations Of Vitamin Research Articles

Assessment of the Effects of Dietary Vitamin D Levels on Olanzapine-Induced Metabolic Side Effects: Focus on the Endocannabinoidome-Gut Microbiome Axis.

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with poor mental health and dysmetabolism. Several metabolic abnormalities are associated with psychotic diseases, which can be compounded by atypical antipsychotics that induce weight gain and insulin resistance. These side-effects may be affected by vitamin D levels. The gut microbiota and endocannabinoidome (eCBome) are significant regulators of both metabolism and mental health, but their role in the development of atypical antipsychotic drug metabolic side-effects and their interaction with vitamin D status is unknown. We studied the effects of different combinations of vitamin D levels and atypical antipsychotic drug (olanzapine) exposure on whole-body metabolism and the eCBome-gut microbiota axis in female C57BL/6J mice under a high fat/high sucrose (HFHS) diet in an attempt to identify a link between the latter and the different metabolic outputs induced by the treatments. Olanzapine exerted a protective effect against diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance, largely independent of dietary vitamin D status. These changes were concomitant with olanzapine-mediated decreases in Trpv1 expression and increases in the levels of its agonists, including various N-acylethanolamines and 2-monoacylglycerols, which are consistent with the observed improvement in adiposity and metabolic status. Furthermore, while global gut bacteria community architecture was not altered by olanzapine, we identified changes in the relative abundances of various commensal bacterial families. Taken together, changes of eCBome and gut microbiota families under our experimental conditions might contribute to olanzapine and vitamin D-mediated inhibition of weight gain in mice on a HFHS diet.

Mixed vitamin C and zinc diet supplements co-administered with artemether drug improved haematological profile and survival of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei

Iron and zinc deficiencies is common in malaria endemic areas and contributes to morbidity. Vitamin C and zinc combined supplements have been hypothesized as a remedy. This study evaluated the effect of different combinations of vitamin C and zinc on haematological parameters and mortality of Plasmodium berghei-infected mice (Mus musculus). A three-week trial was carried out to assess haematological changes and mortality of mice after 3-day artemether treatment co-administered with vitamin C - zinc supplements. Grouping was based on combinations of vitamin C and zinc. Weight, packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (HB), and mortality were assayed weekly. The supplement improved PCV, HB, mean cell volume (MCV) and mean cell haemoglobin (MCH). Mice mortality was higher in the absence of the supplement, though the difference was not significant (χ2 = 5.214, P = 0.5167). Parasitaemia was not reduced by the supplement. A 30:70 vitamin C - zinc supplement performed better than other combinations used. Therefore, vitamin C - zinc supplement play roles in the management of malaria, since they improved PCV and HB, and lowered mortality rate, complementing the therapeutic effect of artemether.

Optimization of high ultrasound-assisted extraction (INEFU) of active components from natural materials by response HPLC-PDA analysis

High ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology (INEFU) was employed to extract the active components from natural materials (green coffee beans, Citrus madurensis, Centella asiatica, Laminaria Japonica). The extraction conditions were optimized by a response surface method and Box-Behnken design. The active component yields were obtained under the optimum parameters: ultrasound power (1800 watts), ultrasonication time, and particle size. After INEFU of natural materials (green coffee beans, Citrus madurensis, Centella asiatica and Laminaria Japonica) the products were analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC analysis showed that the four natural materials were composed of different combinations of vitamin C, polyphenols, chlorogenic acid, caffein, caffeic acid, asiaticoside and alginic acid. In addition, the INEFU results showed that natural materials can yield more active components during a simulated extraction process.

Efectos de la piridoxina en combinación con diferentes antioxidantes sobre parámetros de viabilidad y estrés oxidativo del semen caprino criopreservado

Se estudiaron los efectos de la piridoxina sola, o en combinación con diferentes antioxidantes, sobre los parámetros de viabilidad y estrés oxidativo de los espermatozoides caprinos criopreservados. Muestras combinadas de semen, diluidas con diluyente yema de huevo-tris se complementaron, en el estudio I con 0, 2, 4, 6 y 8 mM de piridoxina; en el estudio II con 2 mM de piridoxina (P), en combinación con diferentes concentraciones (0, 2, 4, 6 y 8 mM) de vitamina E (PE), vitamina C (PC) o melatonina (PM); y en el estudio III con 2 mM de piridoxina suplementada con combinaciones de vitamina C, vitamina E y melatonina (PCEM) a diferentes concentraciones (0, 2, 4, 6 y 8 mM). Los resultados mostraron mayor (p

Vitamin supplementation for preventing miscarriage.

Vitamin supplementation for preventing miscarriage.

Utilização das vitaminas C e E em rações para frangos de corte mantidos em ambiente de alta temperatura

O experimento foi realizado para avaliar os efeitos da suplementação das vitaminas C ou E na ração sobre o desempenho, as características de carcaça e os parâmetros hematológicos de frangos de corte mantidos em ambiente de alta temperatura. Foram utilizados 450 frangos de corte distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, cada um com nove repetições de 10 aves (período 1 a 21 dias) ou de 7 aves (período de 22 a 42 dias) por unidade experimental. Os tratamentos foram: ração basal (RB) sem suplementação de vitaminas C e E; RB + 300 ppm de vitamina E; RB + 230 ppm de vitamina C; RB + 300 ppm de vitamina E + 230 ppm de vitamina C; e RB + 150 ppm de vitamina E + 115 ppm de vitamina C. Não houve efeito da suplementação das vitaminas C e E no desempenho zootécnico das aves na fase de 1 a 21 dias de idade. Na fase de 1 a 42 dias, a suplementação das vitaminas C e E influenciou somente a conversão alimentar. Os melhores resultados para os pesos absoluto e relativo de peito foram observados nas aves que receberam a ração basal suplementada com as combinações das vitaminas C e E. A concentração plasmática de triiodotironina, a porcentagem de células sanguíneas, a relação heterófilo/linfócito e os pesos absoluto e relativo do baço aos 21 e 42 dias de idade não foram influenciados pela suplementação vitamínica. A suplementação das vitaminas C e ou E não influi no desempenho zootécnico, no peso do baço e nos parâmetros sanguíneos de frangos de corte mantidos até 42 dias de idade em ambiente de alta temperatura. As combinações das vitaminas C e E promovem melhora nos pesos absoluto e relativo de peito de frangos de corte sob alta temperatura.

Provision of water-soluble vitamin supplementation for haemodialysis patients

Background: The 2010 Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) by the UK Renal Association (Wright et al., 2010) recommend that haemodialysis patients should be prescribed daily supplements of water soluble vitamins, to replace intra-dialytic losses. A specific vitamin tablet or range of vitamins is not specified within these guidelines. This study aimed to explore the adoption of these guidelines in renal units in the UK and the suitability of existing vitamin formulations. Methods: Renal Dietitians registered with the BDA Renal Nutrition Group (RNG) were contacted and asked to fill in a questionnaire. The questionnaire established whether the unit routinely prescribed vitamins for all haemodialysis patients, haemodialysis patients with an identified need or not at all. If not a blanket referral it asked for a justification for the decision. For units only recommending vitamins for patients with an identified need it asked what criteria needed to be met. All respondents were asked which vitamin they recommended for haemodialysis patients when required and in what dosage. The questionnaire also asked whether the funding for the prescription came from the renal unit budget, the GP, the PCT or another source. The individual micronutrient contents of vitamin preparations identified by the questionnaire were compared with the levels set out in the European Best Practice Guidelines (Fouque et al., 2007) using an excel spreadsheet. Results: Questionnaires were returned from 24 different renal units, of which 14 (58%) provided water-soluble vitamins for ALL haemodialysis patients, six for selected patients only, and four didn't recommend any vitamins. Criteria for prescribing vitamins included: for those on dietary restrictions (e.g. low potassium), a consultant decision, for those on haemofiltration and for those with a poor nutritional intake. There were 12 different combinations of vitamins prescribed in varying doses, ranging from daily prescriptions to dialysis days only. The most commonly used vitamin preparation was Dialyvit®, used by 45% of centres. Reasons for not prescribing included: preferring to use food to meet requirements where able, reluctance to add another tablet to what is already a high number medications required by haemodialysis patients, insufficient evidence, financial constraints on the prescriber and no product meeting the need. Funding for the vitamin came from the GP in 68% of cases. Dialyvit® was the vitamin with the best nutrient profile, providing the closest levels of eight of the nine water-soluble vitamins when compared to levels in the European Best Practice Guidelines. Discussion: Results show that the provision of water-soluble vitamins for haemodialysis patients varies across the UK, with only 58% of the units responding providing routine replacement. It is difficult to meet the increased requirements for water-soluble vitamins through food alone when the majority of these patients are on low potassium diets which require limiting certain fruit and vegetables. Despite a lack of robust evidence guidance acknowledges vitamin provision as a low cost, low risk practice which may reduce morbidity and mortality. To our knowledge, the European guidelines are the only ones who include guidance on individual nutrients and their specific requirements. From the range of vitamins used in the UK Dialyvit® meets these recommendations most closely and is only one tablet daily, compared with other preparations which would increase the pill burden. Conclusion: Current UK practice for prescription of water-soluble vitamins to haemodialysis patients is variable despite recent guidelines and the availability of a supplement which meets the need.

Retinol potentiates the inhibitory effect of ascorbic acid on uric acid assay

The interference of ascorbic acid in the determination of plasma uric acid concentrations, by decreasing the formation of chromophore in Trinder's reaction, is well known. By contrast, the effects of other antioxidant vitamins, such as retinol and alpha-tocopherol have not been investigated. Knowledge of the analytical interaction of these antioxidants in the uric acid assay would be useful. The effect of a mix of vitamins (Cernevit) on uric acid analysis in a patient hospitalized in a neurological intensive care unit was observed. The effects of the different antioxidant components of the mixture (retinol, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid) on the concentration of uric acid from a pool of plasma were also tested. Among the different combinations of vitamins tested, only retinol potentiated the antioxidant effect of ascorbic acid. The most marked effect was observed with 80 IU/mL of retinol and 5.7 mmol/L of ascorbic acid. We demonstrate for the first time the synergistic interference of ascorbic acid and retinol on the measurement of uric acid in plasma. We established that ascorbic acid interference is potentiated by regeneration of reduced ascorbic acid by retinol. Such interference must be kept in mind to avoid misinterpreting low plasma uric acid concentrations in patients in whom this analyte is critical.

Chemoprevention of Primary Liver Cancer: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial in Linxian, China

Primary liver cancer is a common malignancy with a dismal prognosis. New primary prevention strategies are needed to reduce mortality from this disease. We examined the effects of supplementation with four different combinations of vitamins and minerals on primary liver cancer mortality among 29450 initially healthy adults from Linxian, China. Participants were randomly assigned to take either a vitamin-mineral combination ("factor") or a placebo daily for 5.25 years (March 1986-May 1991). Four factors (at doses one to two times the US Recommended Daily Allowance)-retinol and zinc (factor A); riboflavin and niacin (factor B); ascorbic acid and molybdenum (factor C); and beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and selenium (factor D)-were tested in a partial factorial design. The study outcome was primary liver cancer death occurring from 1986 through 2001. Adjusted Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of liver cancer death with and without each factor. All P values are two-sided. A total of 151 liver cancer deaths occurred during the analysis period. No statistically significant differences in liver cancer mortality were found comparing the presence and absence of any of the four intervention factors. However, both factor A and factor B reduced liver cancer mortality in individuals younger than 55 years at randomization (HR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.34 to 1.00, and HR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.31 to 0.93, respectively) but not in older individuals (HR = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.71 to 1.59, and HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 0.75 to 1.68, respectively). Factor C reduced liver cancer death, albeit with only borderline statistical significance in males (HR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.47 to 1.02) but not in females (HR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.72 to 2.37). Cumulative risks of liver cancer death were 6.0 per 1000 in the placebo arm, 5.4 per 1000 in the arms with two factors, and 2.4 per 1000 in the arm with all four factors. None of the factors tested reduced overall liver cancer mortality. However, three factors reduced liver cancer mortality in certain subgroups.

Lung Cancer Chemoprevention: A Randomized, Double-Blind Trial in Linxian, China

We examined the effect of supplementation with four different combinations of vitamins and minerals in the prevention of lung cancer mortality among 29,584 healthy adults from Linxian, China. In accord with a partial factorial design, the participants were randomly assigned to take either a vitamin/mineral combination or a placebo for 5.25 years. The combinations tested in this trial were as follows: factor A, retinol and zinc; factor B, riboflavin and niacin; factor C, ascorbic acid and molybdenum; factor D, beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and selenium. Lung cancer deaths (n = 147) identified during the trial period (1986-1991) and 10 years after the trial ended (1991-2001) were the study outcome. No significant differences in lung cancer death rates were found for any of the four combinations of supplements tested in this study, using log-rank tests (all P values are >0.20) or Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for age, sex, commune, and other treatments. No significant interactions were seen for age, sex, or smoking status. Supplementation with combinations of vitamins and minerals at nutrient-repletion levels for 5.25 years did not reduce lung cancer mortality in this nutrient-inadequate population in Linxian, China.

Effect of Supplementation of Different Combinations of Vitamin A and Zinc on the Performance and Immune Response of Broilers

Swain, B.K., John, T.S. and Majumdar, S. 2000. Effect of supplementation of different combinations of vitamin A and zinc on the performance and immune response of broilers. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 17: 273–278. A study was conducted with broilers to find out the effect of supplementation of vitamin A (0, 4500, 8500 and 12500 IU/kg) and zinc (0, 30 and 60 mg/kg) to a basal diet containing vitamin A, 1500 IU/kg and zinc, 35 mg/kg) in a factorial experiment in randomised design. Optimum growth, best feed efficiency and maximum cellular response were observed in chicks fed diet supplemented with 12500 IU/kg vitamin A and 60 mg/kg zinc. Both HI and ELISA titres were peaked at d 10 post immunisation. Maximum humoral immune response was obtained on diet supplemented with vitamin A and Zn levels of 12500 IU/kg and 30 mg/kg, respectively.

Effect of supplementing gilts' diets with different levels of vitamin E and different fats on the humoral and cellular immunity of gilts and their progeny.

The effects of supplementing gestation and lactation diets of gilts with different combinations of vitamin E at or above NRC recommended levels (22, 44, or 88 IU/kg during gestation and 55, 110, and 220 IU/kg during lactation) and types of fat (5% added tallow or fish oil or no added fat) on humoral and cellular immunity of gilts and their pigs were evaluated. With only two exceptions, total IgG, IgM, and IgA in colostrum, milk, and plasma of gilts and in plasma of their pigs did not show significant (P > .05) effects, and no interactions between vitamin E and fat supplementation were observed. Cellular immunity was measured as lymphocyte proliferation response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), purified protein derivative of Mycobacterium avium, keyhole limpet hemocyanin, Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and Salmonella typhimurium LPS. Only the nonspecific mitogens, PHA and Con A, induced proliferation of gilt and pig lymphocytes. Fish oil supplementation in the gilts' diets resulted in lower (P < .01) postpartum PHA response in gilts and slower (P < .05) acquisition of PHA response in newborn pigs compared with groups with added tallow or no added fat. The vitamin E supplementation did not have a significant positive effect on either PHA or Con A response of the gilts. However, the rate of acquisition of PHA response and Con A response in newborn pigs was greater (P < .05) for groups supplemented with 110 and 220 IU/kg of vitamin E than for the group supplemented with 55 IU/kg vitamin E.

Muscle weakness caused by an iodine-deficient diet: investigation of a nutritional myopathy.

Newborn rats raised on a commercially available iodine-deficient diet developed severe muscle weakness, affecting predominantly their proximal hind limbs, that electrophysiologically and morphologically was determined to be myopathic in type. Follow-up dietary studies, utilizing different combinations of vitamins, minerals, casein and elemental iodine, demonstrated that the myopathy was the result of a deficiency of multiple dietary constituents, particularly casein, and was not due to a deficiency of iodine alone. These findings were compared with those observed in earlier investigations of a variety of nutritional myopathies. In the laboratory study of animals raised on experimental diets, it becomes important to consider the possible contributions of multiple dietary deficiencies in the evaluation of any abnormalities found.