Different Combinations Of Products Research Articles

Relationship Between Chemical Treatment of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Seeds and Synthesis of Antioxidant Enzymes

This research aimed to assess the relationship between chemical treatment with different combinations of products and the physiological quality of seeds stored for 0 and 180 days. The experimental design adopted was the completely randomized (CRD), with four replications. The treatments consisted of the “cultivar”, “seed treatments” and “storage periods” factors. To characterize the quality of the seeds, lignin quantification analysis, peroxidase activity analysis, catalase activity analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out. The physiological quality of the seeds decreases as the storage period increases. The lignin present in the seed coat of cultivar TMG 7061 IPRO provided greater protection compared to cultivar 7067. The images referring to cultivar 7067 showed morphological changes resulting from damage caused by the treatment and storage of the seeds.

Relationship Between Chemical Treatment of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Seeds and Synthesis of Antioxidant Enzymes

This research aimed to assess the relationship between chemical treatment with different combinations of products and the physiological quality of seeds stored for 0 and 180 days. The experimental design adopted was the completely randomized (CRD), with four replications. The treatments consisted of the “cultivar”, “seed treatments” and “storage periods” factors. To characterize the quality of the seeds, lignin quantification analysis, peroxidase activity analysis, catalase activity analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were carried out. The physiological quality of the seeds decreases as the storage period increases. The lignin present in the seed coat of cultivar TMG 7061 IPRO provided greater protection compared to cultivar 7067. The images referring to cultivar 7067 showed morphological changes resulting from damage caused by the treatment and storage of the seeds.

Preparing Enteral Formulas for Adult Patients with Phenylketonuria: A Minor Necessity but Major Challenge—A Case Report

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is the most frequent of the congenital errors of amino acid (AA) metabolism worldwide. It leads to the accumulation of the essential AA phenylalanine (Phe) and it is associated with severe neurological defects. The early diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease, achieved through newborn screening and low-Phe diet, has profoundly changed its clinical spectrum, resulting in normal cognitive development. We face the first generation of PKU patients perinatally diagnosed and treated who have reached adulthood, whose special needs must be addressed, including feeding through enteral nutrition (EN). However, recommendations regarding EN in PKU constitute a gap in the literature. Although protein substitutes for patients with PKU are offered in multiple forms (Phe-free L-amino acid or casein glycomacropeptide supplements), none of these commercial formulas ensures the whole provision of daily total energy and protein requirements, including a safe amount of Phe. Consequently, the combination of different products becomes necessary when artificial nutrition via tube feeding is required. Importantly, the composition of these specific formulas may result in physicochemical interactions when they are mixed with standard EN products, leading to enteral feeding tubes clogging, and also gastrointestinal concerns due to hyperosmolality. Herein, we present the first reported case of EN use in an adult patient with PKU, where the separate administration of protein substitutes and the other EN products avoided physicochemical interactions.

A novel system for rapidly predicting produce water loss and measuring respiration rate

Water loss through transpiration after harvest can significantly decrease fruit and vegetable quality and profitability. Preharvest factors, such as cultivar, produce size, field sprays, fertilizer application, and irrigation, can all affect water loss after harvest. Postharvest treatments, such as coatings, packaging, and storage conditions also influence water loss. This paper describes a low-cost system for rapid transpiration measurement (i.e. the rate of water leaving a product) and water loss prediction (i.e. the total amount of water lost over a predetermined storage period) in produce. Transpiration rates were measured using readings from a temperature, relative humidity, and pressure sensor to calculate the change in water vapor in a sealed container over 30 s. Transpiration measurements were validated in 21 different combinations of products, packaging, and storage temperatures using changes in product weight as a comparison method. Initial transpiration rates using the described system were well correlated to changes in product weight measured at the end of storage. However, total water loss over the storage life was overpredicted using the initial transpiration rate for many products due to changes in the product weight loss rate over time. The change in weight loss rate over time was negatively correlated with the initial weight loss rate. Based on this relationship, a novel water loss prediction model was developed incorporating the initial weight and transpiration rate. Use of this model greatly improved the agreement between predicted and measured weight loss, and the systemic overprediction of weight loss was eliminated. Incorporation of a CO2 sensor into the sealed chamber allowed for respiration measurements in 10 min per sample with good agreement when compared to a standard gas analysis method. This system could be used for comparing varieties and evaluating the impact of pre and postharvest practices.

Physiological response of soybean seeds to spray volumes of industrial chemical treatment and storage in different environments

Abstract: The increase in spray volumes in industrial seed treatments may increase the deterioration and reduce the physiological potential of seeds, especially when stored in unfavorable environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of spray volumes obtained by the combination of different chemical products, via industrial treatment, on the physiological potential of soybean seeds during storage in different environments. A completely randomized experimental design was used in a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The factors were five spray volumes (0, 600, 1200, 1800 and 2400 mL.100 kg-1 of seeds), obtained from the combination of different products in commercial use, and three storage periods (0, 60 and 120 days), evaluated separately in two environments (storage without climate control and cold storage). The following variables were evaluated: germination, first germination count, seedling emergence in sand, emergence speed index, seedling length (total, shoot, and root) and dry matter (shoot and root). The physiological potential of soybean seeds is reduced by increasing the spray volume used in the industrial treatment and by prolonging the storage period. However, this effect is mitigated by the controlled conditions of cold storage.

Market basket analysis by solving the inverse Ising problem: Discovering pairwise interaction strengths among products

Large datasets containing the purchasing information of thousands of consumers are difficult to analyze because the possible number of different combinations of products is huge. Thus, market baskets analysis to obtain useful information and find interesting pattern of buying behavior could be a daunting task. Based on the maximum entropy principle, we build a probabilistic model that explains the probability of occurrence of market baskets which is equivalent to Ising models. This type of model allows us to understand and to explore the functional interactions among products that make up the market offer. Additionally, the parameters of the model inferred using Boltzmann learning, allow us to suggest that the buying behavior is very similar to the spin-glass physical system. Moreover, we show that the resulting parameters of the model could be useful to describe the hierarchical structure of the system which leads to interesting information about the different market baskets.

Development of Plants in Combination of Products Associated with the Inoculation in the Soybeans Seeds Treatment

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different combinations of products applied through seed treatment, associated with the inoculation, in the development of soybean plants. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Federal University of Lavras (UFLA). The experimental design was a randomized complete block, with four repetitions in a factorial 4 × 11, being four soybean cultivars and 11 combinations of products associated with the inoculation in the treatment of seeds. At the stage (R1) it was evaluated: plant height, leaf area, foliar chlorophyll content, number of trifoliate leaves, dry shoot mass, dry root mass, root length, root volume, nodules total number, viable nodules total number, nodules dry mass and foliar nitrogen content. The combination of products in the treatment of seeds, do not present phytotoxic effects in the characters related to the development, except for dry matter of aerial part and root volume. The combination of products in treatment of seeds influences negatively the nodulation, especially in the treatments with presence of nematicide. The inoculation performed in isolation or combined with fungicide and insecticide (I+FI) maintains nodule levels.

Evaluación de la calidad del compost producido a partir de subproductos agroindustriales de caña de azúcar

Los subproductos frescos de la industria azucarera (cachaza, bagazo y vinaza) incorporados al suelo generan un impacto negativo sobre las plantas. Por tal motivo, el compost es una alternativa para el aprovechamiento de los subproductos, el cual debe ajustarse a las exigencias de la norma técnica colombiana 5167 para su uso como biofertilizante. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la calidad del compost elaborado con diferentes combinaciones de subproductos del proceso de molienda de la caña de azúcar (Saccharum officinarum L.). Se establecieron pilas de compostaje en el Ingenio Riopaila-Castilla, Valle del Cauca, Colombia, utilizando un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cinco tratamientos y cuatro repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron: 100% cachaza (T1), 75% cachaza y 25% bagazo (T2), 50% cachaza y 50% bagazo (T3), 25% cachaza y 75% bagazo (T4), y 100% bagazo (T5), todos suplementados con 2 m3 de vinaza. Las variables de respuesta -pH, conductividad eléctrica, humedad, cenizas, materia orgánica, retención de humedad, relación carbono–nitrógeno, carbono orgánico oxidable total, nitrógeno total, fósforo, calcio, magnesio, potasio, hierro, cobre, manganeso y zinc- se evaluaron al momento de montar las pilas, y a los 42, 51, 59, 73 y 90 días después de iniciado el proceso. Los resultados muestran que la relación carbononitrógeno inicial de las mezclas es fundamental para obtener una buena calidad del compost. El T3 presentó la mejor calidad con el mayor contenido de nutrientes. El tiempo de compostaje que asegura una adecuada maduración con máximo contenido de nutrientes en el compost fue 90 días.

Review of SKUs in the Indian Paint Industry

A stock-keeping unit or SKU is a unique identifier for each distinct product that can be purchased. SKUs are used in data management, enabling the company to systematically track its inventory or product availability. Each SKU is attached to a Product, Shade and Pack Size. The Decorative or architectural segment (which constitutes upto 70% of the total paint market) involves a very wide choice in terms of products, shades and pack sizes. In addition to this, in order to offer innovative products, companies are continuously offering newer shades to match the colour of carpets/curtains etc. Initially, these shades are produced in anticipation and once the market accepts these shades, they are produced regularly. While Industrial Paints are available in bulk packs of 20lt and 200lt, decorative paints are available in 20lt, 10lt, 4lt, 1lt, 500ml, 200ml, 100ml and 50ml packs. Enamel category alone has got around 720 SKUs. The combination of different products, shades and packs sizes resulted in over 2500 SKUs for Asian Paints. Through a survey of paint dealers, effort has been made to analyze the reasons for accumulation of slow moving stock, and the solutions adopted by the dealers to liquidate these stocks. The paper concludes by suggesting remedies to deal with high inventory cost and a large number of SKUs.

Individual budgets for people with incontinence: results from a ‘shopping’ experiment within the British National Health Service

Most people with urinary incontinence are given limited choice when provided with absorbent products through the British National Health Service (NHS), even though the available range is large. To investigate users' preferences for four disposable designs (inserts, all-in-ones, belted/T-shaped and pull-ups) and towelling washable/reusable products, day and night. Shopping experiment. Community-dwelling women and men in England with moderate-to-heavy urinary incontinence recruited to a larger trial. Participants tested each design and selected products they would prefer with a range of different budgets. Design preferences (rankings); 'purchasing' decisions from designated budgets. Results Eighty-five participants (49 men) tested products, 75 completed the shopping experiment. Inserts, most frequently supplied by the NHS, were ranked second to pull-ups by women and lowest by men. When faced with budget constraints, up to 40% of participants opted to 'mix-and-match' designs. Over 15 different combinations of products were selected by participants in the shopping experiment. Most (91%) stated a willingness to 'top-up' assigned budgets from income to secure preferred designs. Participants displayed diverse preferences. Enabling user choice of absorbent product design through individual budgets could improve satisfaction of consumers and efficiency of allocation of limited NHS resources. Recent policy for the NHS seeks to provide consumers with more control in their care. Extension of the concept of individual budgets to continence supplies could be feasible and beneficial for patients and provide better value-for-money within the NHS. Further research is warranted.

Improvement in the tracking of special loads by using a three-level RFID system

Manufacturers usually control the quality of their products from raw materials reception till the delivery of final goods. Products should also be controlled along the distribution and transportation phases, although this is not always feasible. In this work, the goods whose features need to be preserved while going through the previously mentioned phases are considered as special loads. Non-homogeneous loads, which are the combination of different products, will be also considered. The errors made when using the actual product tracking systems involve additional costs and inconveniences. An auto managed three-level based RFID system is proposed in this paper in order to provide an efficient solution for the real-time monitoring (RTMS) of special loads. It has been implemented by means of RFID passive and active tags, plus wireless readers inside the items, pallets and containers, which allow a three level division of the supply chain. At the highest level, a wireless network connecting all the readers using ZigBee technology has been implemented to provide real-time localization of products (RTLS) all over the world as it is also connected to a GPRS system. Finally, the proposed system is applied to two different industrial scenarios: a bottling company for perishable beverages and high-quality wines, and the manufacturing and delivery of pre-fabricated concrete panels.

Nursing treatment of patients with chronic leg ulcers in the community

A descriptive survey of current reported practice by 146 community nurses for their nursing treatment of leg ulcers was undertaken. Sixty-four per cent of nurses reported they would apply compression bandages to only venous ulcers; in only 23% of cases could the products described achieve an adequate level of compression. A variety of modern wound dressings were used by the nurses; 89% of nurses reported using a combination of different products layered over the ulcer. There is no evidence that this has any beneficial effect and could therefore be a potential waste of money, as well as contributing to allergic skin reactions. It would be useful if primary-health-care teams and Family Health Service Authority information pharmacists formulated protocols based upon effective treatments for patients with chronic leg ulcers.

エキスパートシステムによる生産計画システム

This paper describes an expert system for paper production scheduling which has been in operation since January 1989 at Tomakomai Mill of Oji Paper Co., Ltd. The mill has ten papermaking machines and produces 200 different types of paper products each month.The problems associated with the production process are complex and large in scale, because of cross-machinery constraints such as limits on the supply of energy and pulp, and the combination of different products during the same production period. Production scheduling is implemented in three steps : group product allocation, individual allocation, and pulp and energy balance adjustment.The system provides a knowledge maintenance tool by employing several CRT screens, and the expert shell used is Toshiba's “ASIREX” which runs on the AS 3000 series engineering workstations.

Changes in attitudes to solid timber species: a test of some promotional elements

The significance of two promotional elements (presentation and product) in explaining the variations in the attitudes towards timber species are examined in this paper. In measuring such attitudes, the original Fishbein model is used and the attitudes are expressed as a function of five pretested attributes (beauty, durability, smoothness of texture, coldness, and modernity). A detailed ANOVA showed that variations in attitudes were explained mainly by the type of product and to a lesser extent by the two-way interactions of product and the species used to produce the product while the type of presentation was not significant. It was found that the respondents had certain preconceived ideas about the properties of individual species and these ideas were directly related to products and (or) applications traditionally associated with each species. Finally, the multidimensional model of "utilities," UNICON was applied to the data. Two analyses were performed, one on the utilities of the different products, species, and types of presentation and one on the utilities of the different attributes tested. The findings corroborated those of the analysis of variance. Very different utility factors were attached to different combinations of products made out of different species while the type of presentation was not significant. Therefore, for promotional purposes a very detailed and segmented approach is needed and this will depend on the particular product and the species used and consequently different attributes must be emphasised and promoted.