Different Approaches For Use Research Articles

Comparative analysis of approaches for automated compliance checking of construction data

While the domain of Automated Compliance Checking (ACC) has gained track, the construction industry has been flooded with different approaches. This paper studies these different approaches for use in compliance checking of construction data. The approaches are compared by defining constraints for the same set of five requirements, each of a different category, stemming from the Flemish building regulation on accessibility. Eight approaches have been selected for comparison: two IFC-based approaches (Solibri Model Checker and the upcoming buildingSMART standard IDS), two general data standards and their accompanying schema definition languages (JSON Schema and XSD), and four Linked Data approaches (OWL, SWRL, SPARQL, and SHACL). Besides the pure functional analysis, the relative uptake and support in tooling are also considered. While XML/XSD and JSON/JSON Schema and the Linked Data approaches are in essence domain-independent, only the latter has an extra layer for agreeing on high-level data modeling (and thus data validation) patterns in the construction domain with the EN17632-1:2022 standard. SHACL is considered the most adept method from the Linked Data approaches since it is fully standardized for both inputs and outputs and was developed for validation use cases.

Beyond Checkpoint Inhibitors: Enhancing Antitumor Immune Response in Lung Cancer.

The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has dramatically changed the treatment landscape and improved survival for many patients with thoracic malignancies. Although some patients may experience prolonged survival benefit with immune checkpoint inhibitors, a majority do not experience disease control or benefit, supporting the need for research and development of improved approaches for facilitating immune recognition. Additionally, many patients will experience toxicity with the current approaches to immunotherapy, supporting the need for developing treatment strategies with less risk of adverse events. An extensive array of different strategies are currently under investigation, including novel combinations of checkpoint inhibitors or immunotherapies; novel agents beyond checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., bispecific antibodies, vaccine strategies, cytokine therapies); and different approaches for use of radiation to augment systemic immunotherapy agents. With each strategy, researchers are evaluating the potential for augmenting antitumor responses and ensuring more sustained antitumor effects. This article highlights areas of active research, reviewing the rationale for different investigative strategies, as well as currently available clinical data.

Current modalities of sickle cell disease management.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects nearly 100,000 people in the United States of America and the sickle gene is present in approximately 8% of black Americans. Among Africans, the prevalence of sickle cell trait (heterozygosity) is as high as 30%. While SCD occurs among varying racial and ethnic groups, it is more commonly prevalent in individuals of African or African-American descent. This inherited blood disorder causes varying symptoms and complications among affected children and adults and early diagnosis and treatment are essential to help reduce mortality rates. Because there is no cure for SCD, management is vital to survival. Hence, there are different approaches in use to aid those living with SCD; thus, this paper provides insight into the current methods that are implemented in the management and maintenance of this disease.

Identifying the Different Approaches in Use of Social Media Outlets: A Case Study of German Professional Sport Teams

The sport industry has long used social media as an effective instrument of communication. In the framework of the current study, a content analysis investigated how professional sport clubs in Germany use Facebook and Twitter. The study covers the entire 2015–16 season, which was illustrated via selectively choosing 2 weeks for data analysis; four clubs each from basketball, ice hockey, football, and handball were collected as a sample. All Facebook posts and Twitter tweets published by the 16 clubs during the 2 weeks, a total of 3,412 contributions (Facebook 717, Twitter 2,695), were included in the analysis. The codebook contained 57 variables, and this article presents the results on the identified topics of the published contents on the two social media platforms. On both platforms, the clubs under examination primarily issued statements regarding themselves and their sport-related activities. Twitter is predominantly used as a live medium during games, whereas Facebook allows for significantly greater reach. However, no sport-related differences were found between the two social media platforms.

Resource Management in Mobile Cloud Computing

Mobile cloud computing is a major research topic in Information Technology & Communications. It integrates cloud computing, mobile computing and wireless networks. While mainly built on cloud computing, it has to operate using more heterogeneous resources with implications on how these resources are managed and used. Managing the resources of a mobile cloud is not a trivial task, involving vastly different architectures. The process is outside the scope of human users. Using the resources by the applications at both platform and software tiers come with its own challenges. This paper presents different approaches in use for managing cloud resources at infrastructure and platform levels.Keywords: Cloud Computing, Mobile Cloud Computing, Resource Management1 IntroductionInternational Telecommunication Union (ITU) predicts a mobile-broadband penetration rate at worldwide-level of 32% by the end of 2014. It is double the rate of the previous year and almost four times as much as five years ago. There is a huge gap between developed countries and developing countries, with a penetration rate of 84% for the former and 21% for the latter. Mobile-broadband is the highest growing market segment with an estimated 2.3 billion subscriptions by the end of 2014. At the same time, mobile-cellular subscriptions approach market saturation, at a level 7 billion subscriptions [1].Of much more importance for mobile cloud computing, as both consumers and providers of cloud resources, are the 1 billion smartphones in use (2nd quarter, 2012), with a globally penetration rate of 16.7% [2]. It is estimated that in just three years (by 2015/2016) their number will reach 2 billion. The estimation for 2018 is for a 3.3 billion level. Another potentially mobile computing clients are the tablets, with sales 270 million units just in 2014.In a short period of time, the Internet and mobile devices have become an integral part of the daily life, in developed world as well as in the developing countries [3]. A Nielsen study shows that in the United States of America, monthly usage of the Internet by adult people splits in 34 hours from mobile devices opposed with 27 hours from desktop computers. Moreover, from the associated network traffic, only 14% is owed to web usage, the rest of 86% being generated by mobile applications [4].One of the hottest research topics is Internet of Things (IoT). Smartphones, tablets and mobile terminals make a large part of the interconnected devices, but mobility comes with restrictions on physical dimensions, computing power, battery autonomy and power use. As the world goes mobile, the existence of these hard limits gets in direct conflict with the users' expectations and needs of a constant and predictable performance increase for all computing devices. On the mobile end, users requires more processing power and more autonomy. On the other hand, the infrastructure required to support the mobile services keeps expanding and its energy use develops with it. The small increases in energy efficiency did little to alleviate the constant grow in global power usage.The shift to mobile was shown to be accompanied by problems such as insufficient resources, limited battery capacity and limits in network connectivity [5]. Decreasing applications' response time, efficient batter use of battery power and available network bandwidth are the main challenges for the future of mobile applications.Mobile cloud computing is a solution for overcoming the barriers encountered by the rapid expanse of mobile use. Mobile cloud computing resides at the intersection of mobile computing and cloud computing. It is a major research topic for Information Technology and Communications (IT&C), shifting the point of use of computing resource from the end consumer to the resource reach data centers.2 Cloud ComputingCloud computing is defined by National Institute of Standards and Technologies (NIST) as a model which allows remote ondemand access to shared pool of computing resources (networks, servers, storage, application and services). …

Investigating cognitive task difficulties and expert skills in e-Learning storyboards using a cognitive task analysis technique

E-learning storyboards have been a useful approach in distance learning development to support interaction between instructional designers and subject-matter experts. Current works show that researchers are focusing on different approaches for use in storyboards, and there is less emphasis on the effect of design and process difficulties faced by instructional designers and subject-matter experts. This study explores problem aspects of the cognitive task and the skills required of subject-matter experts by applying a cognitive task analysis approach from the expert point of view. The result shows that subject-matter experts face difficulties in making decisions on three elements during e-learning course development. The three elements are storyboard templates, prescriptive interactive components, and review process. It is found that the representation skills and decision making of the three elements allows subject-matter experts to decide on alternatives of the task process. The result also indicates that it is important to leverage the design and process skills of subject-matter experts as it affects their interaction with instructional designers. Three recommendations are made: training development, prescriptive interactive components development, and interaction design document development. A new framework can be recommended to train subject-matter experts as e-learning storyboard users, and in turn provide for effective interaction between them and instructional designers.

Groundwater in geochemical exploration

ABSTRACT Groundwater is an important medium for geochemical exploration of many different styles of mineralization, including porphyry copper, volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS), sandstone uranium, and gold. Groundwater recharges to depth, resulting in greater likelihood of interacting with buried mineralization compared to surface geochemical methods, and thus providing a three-dimensional perspective. Advances in the understanding of ore formation processes, water-rock interaction and element transport/attenuation in the secondary environment are enhancing the efficacy of groundwater geochemical exploration. This paper describes key techniques and methodologies for sampling, analysis and interpretation of groundwater geochemical data, and provides two different approaches for use by industry: routine exploration and research approaches. New advances in analytical methods are providing new isotopic systems and improving the cost and speed of traditional isotopic techniques, which can greatly aid in interpretation of water sources, water-rock reactions and fingerprinting of ore sources. Case studies are presented for the use of groundwater geochemistry around a porphyry copper deposit in the hyperarid Atacama Desert of Chile, and VMS mineralization in a mature mining camp in Canada. This paper also summarizes key elemental associations for successful utilization of aqueous geochemistry in mineral exploration. The most successful aqueous-phase indicators of mineralization are those that are associated with the ore and are mobile in solution.

Imaging infection/inflammation in the new millennium.

In the closing half of the past century a wide variety of approaches were developed to visualise infection and inflammation by gamma scintigraphy. Use of autologous leucocytes, labelled with indium-111 or technetium-99m, is still considered the "gold standard" nuclear medicine technique for the imaging of infection and inflammation. However, the range of radiopharmaceuticals used to investigate infectious and non-microbial inflammatory disorders is expanding rapidly. Developments in protein/peptide chemistry and in radiochemistry should lead to agents with very high specific activities. Recently, positron emission tomography with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose has been shown to delineate infectious and inflammatory foci with high sensitivity. The third millennium will witness a gradual shift from basic (non-specific) or cumbersome, even hazardous techniques (radiolabelled leucocytes) to more sophisticated approaches. Here a survey is presented of the different approaches in use or under investigation.