Difference In Terms Of Scores Research Articles

Investigation of the Physical Activity Self-Worth of Women Who Study in University

This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the physical activity self-worth of women who study in university. To measure the physical activity self-worth of the participants, the “Physical Activity Self-Worth Inventory”, which was developed by Huberty et al. (2013), was employed. As a result of the data obtained, “Independent samples t-test”, which is one of the parametric tests, was conducted to evaluate the level of differentiation in the variable of gender, an independent variable. To determine the differences in the answers provided for the question, “Are there any physical activities that you do for at least half an hour or longer in a week?” and the variable of grade, “One-Way Variance Analysis” was conducted, which is one of the parametric tests. The level of statistical significance (α error level) was regarded as p<0.05. According to the faculties where the participants studied, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences in terms of the scores of physical activity knowledge subscale, physical activity emotional subscale and the total scores of physical activity self-worth inventory (p<0.05). According to the participation of the participants in physical activities, it was determined that there were statistically significant differences in terms of the scores of physical activity knowledge subscale, physical activity emotion subscale and the total scores of physical activity self-worth inventory (p<0.05). According to the grade at which the participants studied, it was determined that there were no statistically significant differences in terms of the total scores of physical activity self-worth inventory and all of its subscales (p>0.05). In conclusion, in the comparison of the students of the faculty of sports sciences to the students of other departments, it was observed that the physical activity self-worth scores of those who exercise at least half an hour were higher compared to those who exercise irregularly and those who never exercise. Accordingly, the contents of elective lessons that can increase participation in physical activities in other departments of universities should be increased. To increase the individuals’ time and frequency of participation in physical activities, informative education that includes the benefits of physical activity to general health should be conducted.

Comparison of Flexible Ureterorenoscope Quality of Vision: An In Vitro Study.

Flexible ureterorenoscopy (fURS) is one of the best solutions for treatment of renal calculi <2 cm and for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma conservative treatment. An adequate quality of vision is mandatory to help surgeon get better outcomes. No studies have been done, to our knowledge, about what fURS in the market has the best quality of vision. Seven different fURS were used to compare the image quality (Lithovue, Olympus V, Olympus V2, Storz Flex XC-in White Light and in Clara+Chroma mode-Wolf Cobra Vision, Olympus P6, and Storx Flex X2). Two standardized grids to evaluate contrast and image definition and three stones of different composition were filmed in four standardized different scenarios. These videos were shown to 103 subjects (51 urologists and 52 nonurologists) who had to evaluate them with a rating scale from 1 (very bad) to 5 (very good). No difference in terms of scores was observed for sex of the participants. Digital (D) ureterorenoscopes were rated better than fiber optics (FOs) ureterorenoscopes. Overall, Flex XC White Light and XC Clara+Chroma image quality resulted steadily better than other fURS (p < 0.0001). Olympus V generally provided a vision better than Lithovue. Cobra Vision and Olympus V2 had superimposable values that were significantly lower than Lithovue's ones. Olympus P6 and Storz X2 offered a low quality of vision compared to the others. In the medium simulating bleeding, Olympus V and V2 significantly improved their scores of 12% and 8.1%, contrary to rest of the ureterorenoscopes. D ureterorenoscopes have a better image quality than FO ones. The only disposable ureterorenoscope tested was comparable to the majority of other D ureterorenoscopes. The best image quality was provided by Storz D ureterorenoscopes, being Clara Chroma the favorite Spies Mode, according to literature.

Investigation and study on the knowledge about osteoporosis and health beliefs of nursing students

Objective To investigate the status and characteristics of knowledge about osteoporosis and health beliefs of nursing students to provide evidence for education about osteoporosis of nursing school. Methods Students of nursing major from 4 classes in each grade of a certain health college in Suzhou from April to May, 2016 were randomly selected and investigated through convenient sampling method.And Knowledge about osteoporosis and Health Belief Questionnaire was employed to investigate 619 nursing students. Results The awareness rate about osteoporosis knowledge, risk factors, exercises, knowledge about calcium intake of 619 nursing students were respectively 56.40%, 51.31%, 58.70% and 61.39% respectively.There were statistical significances about the differences in terms of scores for knowledge of students of different gender and in different grades(P<0.05). The scores for knowledge of the female was higher than that of the male and the scores for knowledge of students in higher grade were higher than that of students in lower grade.The average awareness score for seriousness of osteoporosis and benefits of exercises, benefits of calcium intake, barriers to exercises and barriers to calcium intake were respectively(2.82±0.78)points, (3.80±0.80)points, (3.43±0.66)points, (3.48±0.75)points and(3.34±0.67)points.There were statistical significances about the differences in terms of scores for health belief at certain dimension of nursing students of different gender and in different grades(P<0.05). For example, the sense of barriers for calcium intake of female students were higher than that of the male students, and the awareness of the seriousness of osteoporosis and the sense of barriers for exercises of the students in third grade was higher than that of the students in the first and second grade. Conclusions Nursing students' knowledge about osteoporosis and health beliefs need to be improved.Nursing school should carry out the education for knowledge about osteoporosis and health beliefs with target based on the concrete condition. Key words: Nursing Students; Knowledge; Health Beliefs; Osteoporosis

Clinico-pathological correlations in malignant brain tumors

Objective. The aim of our study was to evaluate the cognitive impairment in patients diagnosed with malignant brain tumors. Material and methods. We enrolled in our study 105 patients diagnosed with astrocytomas, hospitalized in the Clinic of Neurology between January 2006 and December 2010. Depending on the histology of the tumor, the study-group was composed of 19 cases diagnosed with diffuse astrocytomas, 13 cases with anaplastic astrocytomas and 73 cases with glioblastomas. Each patient was evaluated by neurological and neuro-imagistic exam (computed tomography and/or nuclear magnetic resonance). Each patient was evaluated in the term of disability using Karnofsky Performance Status, which is a scale commonly used in patients with cancer to quantify functional status. Presurgical cognitive functions of the patients were assessed using Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), The results were analyzed using Student’s T test and Chi-Squared test, considering statistically significant p&lt;0.05. Results. In the terms of mean age, the statistical analysis didn’t show a significant difference between the three groups of patients. Also, we observed that the mean level of education in glioblastomas group was significantly lower than that of anaplastic astrocytomas. On MMSE, the average scores obtained by the patients were: 27.2 points in patients with diffuse astrocytomas, 26.7 points in patients with anaplastic astrocytomas and 25,1 points in patients with glioblastomas. On MoCA, the average scores were: 24.6 points in patients with diffuse astrocytomas, 24.2 points in patients with anaplastic astrocytomas and 21.8 points in patients with glioblastomas. Conclusion. In our study, the patients diagnosed with glioblastomas showed a statistically significant cognitive decline than the patients with diffuse astrocytomas or anaplastic astrocytomas, respectively. Between patients with grade II tumors and those diagnosed with anaplastic astrocytomas there were no statistically significant differences in terms of scores obtained from the assessment of cognitive functions.

Pilot study of intravenous fluid therapy management in adult patients at a tertiary care hospital

The purpose of intravenous fluid therapy (IFT) is to maintain or restore internal equilibrium by administering fluids and/or different electrolyte components. Its correct use and the prevention of complications arising from their misuse depend on the knowledge of the medical team on this subject. We analyzed this issue in different clinical areas of a tertiary hospital. We performed a descriptive cross-sectional pilot study via a questionnaire given to physicians specializing in internal medicine (IM) and digestive system surgery (SDS) who perform clinical practice in hospital units with unit dose drug dispensing system. We designed an anonymous questionnaire with 25 questions relative to knowledge of theory and practices, as well as the opinion of physicians regarding IFT. We evaluated the association between nominal qualitative variables with the Chi-square or Fisher's exact test. The behavior of the quantitative variables was assessed using the t-student test. The analysis of the data was generated using SAS/STAT, Version 9. 28 questionnaires were collected from 13 surgeons and 15 digestive interns. Over 40% of specialists considered further education in IFT a necessity , especially regarding its prescription (SDS: 61.54%, IM: 71.43%). No statistically significant differences were found between the specialties in terms of perceived frequency of complications associated with IFT or in the frequency indication with the exception of hypovolemic shock, which is considered to be more prevalent in gastrointestinal surgery (p = 0.046). 90% of professionals prefer an individualized prescription. Statistically significant differences in terms of scores in the area of knowledge, with IM physicians achieving the highest scores (p = 0.014). There were also differences in attitude but they are not significant (p = 0.162). Knowledge of intravenous fluid increases with years of clinical experience (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.386, p = 0.047). The professionals who prescribe IFT perceive the need to design IFT training programs, together with the production of guides and consensus protocols.

Heterogeneity in Transgender: A Cluster Analysis of a Thai Sample

ABSTRACT An analysis was performed of data from an Adjective Checklist (ACL) study of identity and gender-trait stereotype in Thai MtF transgenders (Winter and Udomsak, 2002a, 2002b). Contrary to previous analyses, the current analysis employed the participants (rather than the ACL traits) as the unit of analysis. For each participant a calculation was made of the extent to which traits endorsed for actual self were also those endorsed as stereotypically male (masculine) or stereotypically female (feminine) traits. In this way gender-in-self scores (indices of masculinity, femininity, and non-differentiation) in actual self-concept (MASC, FASC, and NASC respectively) were calculated. A similar matching procedure involving ideal self led to the calculation of indices for masculinity, femininity, and non-differentiation in ideal self-concept (MISC, FISC, and NISC respectively). A cluster analysis was then performed, using these six gender-in-self scores in order to identify any groups within our sample. Participants clustered into three substantial groups, together accounting for 98% of the data. The largest (69.9% of the sample) endorsed stereotypically male and female as well as undifferentiated traits. It could therefore be described as an androgynous group. The next, accounting for 21.4% of the sample, endorsed overwhelmingly undifferentiated traits. It was accordingly labelled the undifferentiated group. The last, accounting for 6.6% of the sample, endorsed overwhelmingly female-stereotyped traits and. in view of the fact that they had constructed for themselves such a highly stereotypically female self-concept, was labelled the feminine group. All six gender-in-self scores played a part in distinguishing the groups from each other. For all three groups discrepancies between actual and ideal self were found, suggesting personal growth goals that led away from female stereotype. Traits endorsed for actual self were further examined for any sign of group differences in terms of scores for 14 underlying features, as well as loadings on four higher-order factors, as employed in the Winter and Udomsak (2002b) analysis. Traits endorsed for ideal self and for gender-trait stereotyping were examined in the same way and for the same purpose. For actual self no significant group differences were found. In contrast, several differences were found for ideal self. Trails endorsed by the undifferentiated group stood out from the others by being higher on adult ego state, conscientiousness, and emotional stability, and lower on adapted child ego state. All this was reflected in stronger loadings on resourcefulness/dependability. Numerous group differences were identified for gender-trait stereotyping. The feminine group (compared to the other two groups) considered stereotypically female traits to be (a) higher on strength, favourability, adult and free child ego states, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness, and psychological importance, and (b) lower on adapted child ego state. All this was reflected in a stereotypical view of the female as both more caring/harmonious (a stereotypically “female” factor), as well as more resourceful/dependable (usually a stereo-typically “male” factor) than how she was viewed by the other groups. The undifferentiated group's view of the female was at the other extreme, providing a mirror image effect. In conclusion, three groups of MtF transgenders were identified, differing from each other in terms of the degree of gender stereotypy evident in their actual and ideal self-concepts. The three groups also differed in terms of the underlying elements of the traits that they had endorsed for ideal self, as well as for gender-trait stereotypes.

The relationship between selected educational outcomes of senior RN-to-BSN students and their choice of advanced placement options available in the Maryland nursing articulation model

If national standards for entry into practice are to be changed, viable routes to achievement of the BSN must be established in each state. Maryland has implemented a statewide articulation model that allows the registered nurse to obtain credit for work completed at lower division schools through one of three advanced placement options. This study sought to answer the question of whether there is a difference in selected academic outcomes of senior RN-to-BSN students who choose different pathways available in the model. Data were collected from all students (n = 113) completing clinical concepts courses at a large university school of nursing. The independent variables were mode of entry and pattern of study. The dependent variables were scores obtained on the National League for Nursing (NLN) Comprehensive Nursing Achievement Test for Baccalaureate Nursing Students and the grades obtained in the spring and fall nine-credit clinical concepts courses (examinations, formal papers, clinical evaluations). The entry pathway did not make a significant difference in terms of scores on the spring NLN examination, course tests, or paper grades. However, differences were noted in the clinical area. Transition course students achieved the highest mean clinical performance score, and direct transfer students achieved the lowest score. The implication for nursing education is that there appears to be no significant difference in academic achievement of RN-to-BSN students admitted for advanced placement using three different validating procedures.