Differences In Subjective Well-being Research Articles

The Coping Strategy and Subjective Well-Being of Indonesian Families amid the Covid-19 Pandemic

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, economic pressures have forced families to make various adjustments to maintain their well-being. This study investigated economic coping strategies and the subjective well-being of families during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1,125 families in Indonesia participated in an online survey using Google Forms and spoke through social media. The research shows that families experienced a decrease in income, which encouraged them to adopt various economic coping strategies. The coping strategy adopted was cutting expenses while increasing income, mainly by utilizing hobbies or skills. Income changes, education, poverty status, savings withdrawal, selling or pawn assets, asking for aid, and borrowing money significantly influenced subjective well-being. Differences in subjective well-being can be observed in economic status, education level, and changes in income. Changes in income and higher education positively affected subjective well-being. Poverty status also had a negative effect on subjective well-being negatively.

Physical Disabilities and Subjective Wellbeing: A Comparison of Children Based on Boarding and Home Residency in South Africa

ABSTRACT Globally, limited research exists on the wellbeing of children with disabilities from their own perspectives. The investigations that are published are primarily from the perspectives of parents, caregivers or educators. In South Africa, segregated schooling systems and other social inequalities introduce complexities pertaining to the educational attainment of children with disabilities. For some children, residing in boarding schools facilitates access to education. This study quantitatively explored differences in subjective wellbeing based on whether children with physical disabilities resided in boarding schools (n = 30) or at home (n = 30). The results revealed a significantly higher level of family-related wellbeing for children residing at home (Mdn = 34.63) compared to those residing in boarding schools (Mdn = 26.37), demonstrating the need to strengthen family involvement in the lives of children at boarding schools. This research supports emerging evidence that parent involvement may be required for improved wellbeing of children who reside in boarding schools.

Investigation of Communication Skills and Subjective Well-being Levels in Helping Professional Groups

This study examines the relationship between communication skills and subjective well-being among students in the psychological counseling and guidance and nutrition and dietetics programs. The research, which involved 430 university students as professional candidates, investigates the impact of program, gender, grade, perceived parental behaviours, and residence on both subjective well-being and communication style. The results indicate a significant association between effective communication, well-being, and family influences, highlighting their crucial role in personal and professional development. It is worth noting that gender differences in subjective well-being and communication skills levels were identified, with females exhibiting higher scores. These findings have important implications for the design of psycho-education programs and support measures. The study provides guidance for tailoring interventions to address gender-specific needs and recognizes the influential role of familial factors in cultivating communication and well-being competencies of students in counseling and nutrition-related disciplines.

Investigating Gender Disparities in the Relationships between Psychological Hardiness and Subjective Well-being in Cardiac Patients: The Mediating Role of Resilience

Background: Health psychologists are constructively playing their role to help us know the causes of psychobiological disorders that affect human physical and psychological health Objective: The existing study was designed to investigate the gender differences among cardiac patients in terms of psychological hardiness, subjective well-being, and resilience in cardiac patients. Methods: Gender differences among cardiac patients were investigated using a cross-sectional study approach. The research comprised 75 cardiac patients (43 male and 32 female) ranging in age from 27 + to 65 years. Participants were briefed about the significance of the research, informed consent was obtained, and data were collected using valid, indigenously translated research instruments. Patient anonymity was maintained, and responses were evaluated using SPSS-23 and AMOS-20 statistical tools. Results: Results from the independent sample t-test revealed that male cardiac patients exhibited a significantly higher level of psychological hardiness (t=4.46, p<.05) and resilience (t=7.51, p<.05) compared to their female counterparts. However, the study found no statistically significant gender differences in subjective well-being. (t=.08, p>.05). Moreover, path analysis was conducted through structure equational modelling, unveiled that resilience played a significant role in the connection between psychological hardiness and subjective well-being in the patients (χ2=1.82, p<.05, RMSEA=.07, RMR=.20, CFI=.97, GFI=.98, and TLI=.93). The determined value of chi-square (χ2/pdf) 1.82 is acceptable for model fit indexes parameters. The multiple linear regression analysis findings revealed that resilience and psychological hardiness were significant (p<.05) predictors of subjective well-being in cardiac patients. Conclusion: This research emphasizes the vital role of psychological hardiness in cardiac patients' lives, showcasing its adaptive function. The study's findings will contribute to the existing literature, providing valuable guidance for medical professionals, health/clinical psychologists, and the families of patients. This information aims to enhance rehabilitation strategies and promote improved well-being for individuals with cardiac patients.

Differences in Subjective Well-being Among Special-school Teachers and Regular Teachers in Ternate

<p><em>Improving the quality of human resources in Indonesia, especially in Ternate, a teacher plays a very important role in the field of education and has a strategic position because it is one way to create competent and quality human resources. The aim of the research was to look at the differences in subjective well-being between special school teachers and regular school teachers in Ternate. The subjects were 58 special school teachers and 61 regular school teachers with a total of 117 teachers. Based on statistical test data, the subjective well-being of regular teachers is higher with a score of 69.59% in 61 subjects and the subjective well-being of special school teachers is lower with a score of 47.46% in 58 subjects. Based on these results, it shows that there is a very significant difference in subjective well-being between special school teachers and regular school teachers, it is found that regular teachers have higher subjective well-being compared to special school teachers.</em><em></em></p>

Differences in migrants’ reason for migration and subjective well-being: not so different after all

This article uses 2012–2021 UK survey data to explore differences in subjective well-being (i.e. happiness, anxiety, life satisfaction, and having a worthwhile life) between those born in the UK and foreign-born residents who migrated for different reasons to the country (i.e. employment, study, family reunion, and asylum). Previous literature looking at objective indicators such as employment rates and health suggests that migrants’ reasons for migration relate to major differences across groups in these types of well-being indicators. In contrast, our analysis suggests that differences in subjective well-being with the UK-born are relatively similar across those who migrated for different reasons to the country. Moreover, across reasons for migration, there is a clear pattern of convergence to the subjective well-being levels of the UK-born as length of residence in the UK increases. This differs from studies looking at objective well-being indicators, in which some groups (e.g. those who migrated for family or asylum reasons) take longer to converge to the levels of those born in the country.

Better off solo? Comparative well-being of Māori employers, sole traders and paid employees

Māori, New Zealand’s Indigenous people, are projected to make up over 20% of the New Zealand workforce in 20 years. Employment plays a big role in determining one’s well-being. Drawing on data from 2,378 Māori who completed the survey-based Māori Identity and Financial Attitudes Study in 2017, this article examines differences in subjective well-being between workers in three categories: paid employees, employers (who employ staff) and sole traders (with no employees). Several measures are used to capture well-being across multiple domains. Sole traders were significantly more satisfied with their standard of living and health and higher in self-efficacy compared to paid employees. Māori employers were significantly more satisfied with their standard of living, future security and personal relationships, and reported greater self-esteem and financial satisfaction than sole traders and paid employees. Although only one cultural context is examined, this article demonstrates the potential benefit of understanding the implications of self-employment for Indigenous peoples.

Toward an explanation of cultural differences in subjective well-being: the role of positive emotion norms and positive illusions.

The present research explores the role of positive emotion norms and positive illusions in explaining the higher subjective well-being observed among Europeans compared to East Asians in Canada. Specifically, we investigate the underlying psychological mechanisms contributing to the prevalence of positive self-views among individuals with European backgrounds, characterized by individualism, versus those with East Asian backgrounds, associated with collectivism. Our study compares Europeans and East Asians in Canada to determine whether cultural norms regarding positive emotions account for the elevated positive self-views and subjective well-being in Europeans. With a sample of 225 participants (112 Europeans and 113 East Asians), our findings reveal significant indirect effects of culture on subjective well-being through positive emotion norms and positive illusions. This study highlights that Europeans, compared to East Asians, believe it is more appropriate to experience and express positive emotions, and this norm influences their positive self-views, subsequently impacting subjective well-being. These findings offer valuable insights into how cultural factors shape subjective well-being across different groups.

Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Outcomes for Israelis With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in the Community.

This study is among the first pre-post examinations to explore differences in subjective well-being, adaptive and maladaptive behavior, close relationships, community integration, family members' satisfaction with residential and community living settings, and family contact before and after the COVID-19 outbreak. Participants demonstrated better life satisfaction and adaptive behavior before COVID-19 than after COVID-19. Participants reported closer relationships with family members and peers before COVID-19 and closer relationships with staff members after COVID-19. The findings reveal mixed, although mostly negative, effects of the pandemic on people with intellectual and developmental disabilities in the community in Israel, in accord with extant comparative research.

대학생의 성취목표 프로파일 유형 간 주관적 웰빙, 정서적 탈진, 희망 수준의 차이

대학생의 성취목표 프로파일 유형 간 주관적 웰빙, 정서적 탈진, 희망 수준의 차이

Subjective Well-Being of Employees and Freelancers in the Information Technology Sector

Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine the various dimensions of the subjective well-being of employees and freelancers working in the Information Technology sector. It also examines the difference in subjective well-being between employees and freelancers. Theoretical framework: The study explains subjective well-being based on need theory, socioemotional selectivity theory, and spillover theory. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional survey design was employed, utilizing a purposive sample of 200 employees and freelancers in India. A questionnaire is used for data collection using established scales. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, and ANOVA are carried out on the collected data. Findings: All the dimensions of subjective well-being are significantly correlated. The ANOVA results indicate significant differences in all dimensions of subjective well-being across the respondents’ demographics. With respect to freelancers and employees in the IT sector, they show differences in work satisfaction, income satisfaction, and health satisfaction. The findings suggest that work satisfaction, income satisfaction, and health satisfaction should be focused among employees. Life satisfaction and leisure satisfaction can be focused on among freelancers. Research, Practical & Social implications: Managers and organizations should invest in the key preference satisfaction domains that will create bring positive employee performance outcomes and enhance the commitment of freelancers toward project success. Originality/value: This study provides novel insights into various areas that can be focused on to improve the subjective well-being of employees and freelancers in the IT sector.

Internal Displacement and Subjective Well-Being: The Case of Ukraine in 2018

Abstract Ukraine is currently experiencing the largest human displacement crisis in the world. However, armed conflict that started in 2014 had already displaced nearly 1.8 million people in Ukraine, resulting in the largest internally displaced population in Europe. Although ethnically and culturally similar to the local population, Ukrainian Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) encounter severe economic, housing, and social challenges, as well as residual trauma from violence. In this study we examine the extent to which the subjective well-being (SWB) of IDPs differs from locals who were not displaced. We explore whether the difference in subjective well-being between IDPs and locals is due to economic hardship, inadequate housing, and/or weak social support. Using a unique survey conducted in 2018 and OLS regression methods, we find a sizable gap in SWB between IDPs and locals. The gap shrinks after accounting for economic and housing status, and support from local networks. Measures of loss in housing and social networks additionally account for the gap. However, none of the factors we measure can account for the difference between locals and IDPs who reported only leaving due to violence, pointing to the enduring impact of trauma on SWB.

Relationship Between Happiness and Extracurricular Activities Among High School Students

Objective: This study aimed to bridge the knowledge gap of the relationship between extracurricular activities and happiness among high school students and the variance of well-being among types of schools and genders. Methods: Using a cross-sectional field survey, data were obtained from 503 high school students of co-educational, boys-only, and girls-only schools. Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale is used for measuring well-being. ANOVA, t-test and correlation study are employed. Results: Among students, 32.0% had low well-being, 66.2% had moderate well-being, and only 1.8% had high well-being. A statistically significant difference in mean happiness scores between the types of schools was observed through ANOVA. Independent t-test shows that subjective well-being among boys was higher than the girls. Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that extracurricular activities can significantly positively impact subjective well-being. Boys-only school has a significantly higher mean score of well-being than types of school. Additionally, gender differences in subjective well-being require further exploration with additional variables. Research Implications: Such findings contribute to our better understanding of the relationship between well-being and extracurricular activities. Also, it can have implications for policymakers and teachers in developing pedagogy and for family members and other stakeholders in bringing about the holistic development of students. Originality/value: This study addresses the gap in the body of knowledge regarding the significance of extracurricular activities and subjective well-being among high school students in India.

Relationship Between Happiness and Extracurricular Activities Among High School Students

Objective: This study aimed to bridge the knowledge gap of the relationship between extracurricular activities and happiness among high school students and the variance of well-being among types of schools and genders. Methods: Using a cross-sectional field survey, data were obtained from 503 high school students of co-educational, boys-only, and girls-only schools. Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale is used for measuring well-being. ANOVA, t-test and correlation study are employed. Results: Among students, 32.0% had low well-being, 66.2% had moderate well-being, and only 1.8% had high well-being. A statistically significant difference in mean happiness scores between the types of schools was observed through ANOVA. Independent t-test shows that subjective well-being among boys was higher than the girls. Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that extracurricular activities can significantly positively impact subjective well-being. Boys-only school has a significantly higher mean score of well-being than types of school. Additionally, gender differences in subjective well-being require further exploration with additional variables. Research Implications: Such findings contribute to our better understanding of the relationship between well-being and extracurricular activities. Also, it can have implications for policymakers and teachers in developing pedagogy and for family members and other stakeholders in bringing about the holistic development of students. Originality/value: This study addresses the gap in the body of knowledge regarding the significance of extracurricular activities and subjective well-being among high school students in India.

Subjective Well-Being and Influencing Factors of Ex Situ Poverty Alleviation Migrants: The Case of Guizhou, China

With the large-scale implementation of China’s ex situ poverty alleviation relocation (ESPAR) policy, China’s poverty-alleviation migrants (PAMs) have increased significantly in a short period of time. The majority of the literature has indicated that the changes associated with resettlement in, for example, livelihood, living environment, and living standards have improved the lives of the PAMs. However, a few researchers have studied PAMs’ subjective well-being (SWB) after relocation. Taking the PAMs in Anshun City, Guizhou Province of China as an example, this work used interviews and questionnaire surveys to investigate the well-being of PAMs under three resettlement models––resettlement in nearby villages and townships, resettlement in county seats, and resettlement in cities. Through a multiple linear regression model, we analyzed the SWB level and influencing factors of PAMs, and the differences in SWB under different resettlement models. The results show that: (1) the overall SWB level of PAMs is relatively high; (2) living conditions and public services, livelihoods and housing, lifestyle, and social networks all have significant impacts on the SWB of PAMs; and (3) the SWB levels of the migrants resettled in county seats is the highest, followed by resettlement in cities, and resettlement in nearby villages and townships. We also put forward relevant guiding suggestions, hoping to provide references for the sustainable development of future ESPAR projects. Moreover, we hope that this work has guiding significance for improving the mental health of PAMs and constructing healthy living cities for PAMs.

Factors related to subjective well-being among community-dwelling older adults living alone: A stratified analysis by sex and marital status from the JAGES.

Previous cross-sectional studies suggest that negative health outcomes such as mortality, social isolation, loneliness, and depression among older adults living alone vary by sex and marital status, with men often worse off than women and unmarried people worse off than married people. However, limited evidence exists from longitudinal studies regarding whether positive health outcomes such as subjective well-being (SWB) also vary by sex and marital status. The focus by sex and marital status on the positive health outcomes and diverse profiles of older adults living alone is important for public health in the near future. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify changes in SWB over time and its associated factors by sex and marital status among older adults living alone in the community using a longitudinal study in a representative population. This was a longitudinal study using data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. This study is the first to reveal differences in SWB and related factors over 3 years among older adults living alone in the community (n = 8,579) who were stratified by sex and marital status (married men, non-married men, married women, and non-married women). Women moved to higher levels of SWB than did men, and married individuals moved to higher levels of SWB than did unmarried individuals. Independent functioning factors and interpersonal factors were significantly associated with SWB for married men and married women, but for unmarried women, the association by interpersonal factors was more pronounced, and for unmarried men, only limited emotional support and health promotion activities were significant among the interpersonal factors. This study revealed that among older adults living alone, changes in SWB over time and the independent functioning factors and interpersonal factors associated with this change varied by sex and marital status among older people living alone. These findings are useful for policy-making and guiding intervention activities to promote SWB in a society in which the environment for older adults living alone is changing dramatically.

Self-control fluctuates from day to day and is linked to subjective well-being within and between persons.

The psychological trait of self-control has been linked to interindividual differences in subjective well-being: Individuals with higher self-control report less negative affect, more positive affect, and higher life satisfaction. However, less is known about how much self-control fluctuates from day to day and how these fluctuations are related to subjective well-being. This intensive longitudinal study describes day-to-day fluctuations in self-control and investigates whether and how they are related to subjective well-being. A sample of 64 undergraduate students at the entry phase of university (M = 22.55years, SD = 6.51, range = 18-53, 97% female) provided 1459 reports of their self-control and subjective well-being, collected every evening across three 9-day measurement bursts over 6 months. Participants' self-control fluctuated substantially from day to day with less than 40% of the variability in daily self-control being attributable to interindividual differences in self-control. On days with higher self-control, participants reported less negative affect, more serenity, and higher life satisfaction. We found no relationship between self-control and vigor. The findings suggest that researchers need to go beyond current assessment practices and theories treating self-control as a stable trait to help develop tailored well-being interventions for everyday life.

The Relationship Between Rural-Urban Place of Residence and Subjective Well-Being is Nonlinear and its Substantive Significance is Questionable

Research on rural-urban differences in subjective well-being revealed inconsistent findings. I argue that the inconsistencies in the literature may be due to very small effect sizes and nonlinear associations. The aims of the present contribution were twofold: (1) to determine the effect size of the relationship between living in rural-urban areas and subjective well-being; (2) to investigate whether categories of rural-urban areas are nonlinearly related to subjective well-being. The present research used data from 507,452 participants from 115 countries provided by the European Values Study Trend File 1981–2017 and the World Values Survey time-series dataset (1981–2022). Self-reports of satisfaction with life and happiness were used to measure subjective well-being. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression analysis revealed that, after adjusting for important sociodemographic variables such as gender, age, education, employment status, marital status, and income, the relationship between rural-urban place of residence and subjective well-being was statistically significant. However, the magnitude of these associations (i.e., effect size) was very small or even negligible. Moreover, pairwise comparisons of the estimated marginal means for life satisfaction and happiness revealed a pattern of nonlinear relationships. The results of the current research question the practical significance and usefulness of the relationship between rural-urban place of residence alone and subjective well-being.

Staycation or holiday? Exploring camping’s contribution to subjective well-being during COVID-19

ABSTRACT With the COVID-19 pandemic-related travel restrictions, and staycations emerged as a popular alternative to holidays. This study investigated whether there are differential impacts on subjective well-being between staycations and holidays, and identified the factors that influence the acquisition of subjective well-being. The results showed no significant differences in subjective well-being between the two types of activities. Furthermore, the study identified distinct factors that influenced the subjective well-being of each group. These findings have important implications for promoting sustainable and local tourism, and in understanding the effects of spatial urban planning on well-being.

Forgiveness Therapy to Improve Subjective Well-Being Among Families of Patients with Chronic Illness

Families (caregivers) of patients with chronic illness should ideally have high subjective well-being to care for chronic illness patients well. In reality, they cry frequently, look pensive, and have difficulty carrying out daily activities. This quasi-experimental study aims to examine the effect of forgiveness therapy on increasing the subjective well-being of families (caregivers) of patients with chronic illness. There were 11 participants (3 males and 9 females) divided into two groups, i.e., the treatment group consisting of 6 persons (1 male and 5 females) and the control group consisting of 5 persons (2 males and 3 females) who have looked after the patients with chronic illness for 2–8 years. The subjective well-being was measured by the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) and the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The data were then analyzed using Mann-Whitney to compare means. The results showed differences in subjective well-being between the treatment and control groups. The results showed that forgiveness therapy has effectively improved subjective well-being in families or patients with chronic illness. Based on the results, the researcher suggested that forgiveness therapy can be used to provide psychological interventions to families of patients with chronic illnesses. Families still need support to optimize and stabilize the patient’s health condition