Differences In Sedentary Behavior Research Articles

Reliability and Validity of the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire Health Contribution Score in its Use with Adults with ADHD.

As Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may have an unknown influence on the self-reports of physical activity of adults with ADHD and there is a need for high quality self-report assessments of this kind, we examined the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire-Health Contributions Score (GLTEQ-HCS) in its use with 35 adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) (26 females, 9 males; Mage = 28.7, SD = 6.3 years). Participants completed the GLTEQ twice and wore an ActiGraph GT9X-accelerometer for seven-days. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) determined test-retest reliability, and we determined construct validity based on correlations between the GLTEQ-HCS and minutes/day of sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), as well as differences in SB, LPA, and MVPA among the three GLTEQ-HCS subgroups. The GLTEQ-HCS had excellent test-retest reliability [ICC = 0.98, 0.95 to 0.99], and it was positively correlated with MVPA (r = 0.47, p = .006; rs = 0.52, p = .002). There was a significant and large difference in minutes/day of device-measured MVPA between the three GLTEQ-HCS groups [F (2,32) = 7.30, p = .003, η2 = 0.33]. These results provide psychometric support for using the GLTEQ-HCS with adults who have been diagnosed with ADHD.

Exploring the associations between physical activity level, cognitive performance, and response to computerized cognitive training among chronic stroke patients

AbstractBackgroundPost‐stroke attentional and working memory deficits are common and represent relevant predictors of long‐term functional recovery and outcome. The individual responses to cognitive rehabilitation and interventions vary between patients and are influenced by multiple factors. Recently, a link between the level of engagement in physical activities and cognitive rehabilitation has been suggested. However, few previous studies have tested the predictive value of physical activity on cognitive performance and response to cognitive training among chronic stroke patients. There is also a lack of knowledge concerning the prognostic value of index stroke characteristics on physical activity in chronic phase.MethodIn this cross‐sectional and longitudinal study, including stroke survivors suffering mild‐to‐moderate strokes (n = 52, mean age = 70 years), we used Bayesian regression to test the association between cognitive performance and response to a 3‐week intervention with a commonly used computerized cognitive training (CCT) system and baseline physical activity level measured with International Physical Activity Questionnaire. We also tested the association between physical activity level in chronic phase and stroke characteristics, including stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale), ischemic stroke etiology (Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment), and stroke location (n = 66, mean age = 68 years). For descriptive purposes, we included 104 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls (mean age = 69 years).ResultsThe analyses revealed anecdotal evidence of a positive association between overall cognitive performance and daily minutes of sedentary behavior, indicating that better cognitive performance was associated with more daily hours of sitting still. We found no support for an association between cognitive performance and response to CCT with activity level. In addition, the analysis showed group differences in sedentary behavior between patients with small‐vessel disease (n = 20) and cardioembolism (n = 7), indicating more sedentary behavior in patients with small‐vessel disease. There was no further support for a predictive value of index stroke characteristics on physical activity level.ConclusionThe results do not support that baseline physical activity level is a relevant predictor of the overall performance or response to CCT in this sample of chronic stroke patients. Similarly, the analyses revealed little evidence for an association between index stroke characteristics and future activity level in patients surviving mild‐to‐moderate stroke.

Sedentary behaviors among Mexicans in the United States and Mexico: A binational study

Introduction: This study examined differences in sedentary behaviors among Mexicans living in Mexico, Mexican immigrants in the United States (U.S.) and U.S. born Mexican-Americans.

Physical activity and sedentary behavior patterns in individuals with a bicuspid aortic valve compared to healthy controls

Abstract Background A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart disease and associated with a higher lifetime risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Management of cardiovascular risk factors, including habitual physical (in)activity, is therefore key. However, little is known about physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) patterns in individuals with BAV compared to healthy controls while there is debate how PA may influence BAV related cardiovascular complications. Purpose To compare objectively measured PA and SB characteristics between individuals with BAV and healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Methods Adults with BAV from our outpatient clinic were approached to participate and matched with age and sex- matched controls from the general population. SB, moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and step count were objectively assessed for 24 h/day during 8 consecutive days using an accelerometer (activPAL3 micro®) attached to the subject’s thigh. Transthoracic echocardiograms of the BAV participants were used to determine the presence of valvular dysfunction and to measure aortic diameters. Aortic dilatation was defined as >40 mm at the sinus of Valsalva or in the ascending aorta, whereas valvular dysfunction was defined as moderate-to-severe aortic stenosis or regurgitation according to current ESC guidelines. Results We recruited 100 BAV individuals (45±16 years old; 59% male), of which n=12 had valve dysfunction, n=22 had aortic dilatation and n=20 had a combination of valve dysfunction and aortic dilatation. We also included 100 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. SB was comparable between the BAV and control group (9.3 [8.5-10.2] vs 9.3 [8.2-10.2] hrs/day, p=0.84), whereas time spent in MVPA (72 [59-89] vs 98 [75-116] min/day, p <0.001) and daily step count (4,826 [4,004-5,801] vs 6,252 [4,784-7,484] steps/day, p<0.001) were markedly lower in individuals with BAV (Figure 1). Furthermore, no significant differences in SB, MVPA or step-count were found across BAV disease severity subgroups (Figure 2). Conclusion Individuals with BAV are less physically active compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. These differences were independent of disease severity, indicating that the lower activity patterns were not due to functional or disease-related limitations.Figure 1.Figure 2.

Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity of Community-Dwelling Korean Breast Cancer Survivors: A Nationwide Study.

This study aimed to investigate the contemporary characteristics of sedentary behavior and physical activity levels in breast cancer survivors. The cross-sectional data of 10,073 community-dwelling Korean women aged ≥50 years in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. The differences in sedentary behavior, walking activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) levels between breast cancer survivors, other cancer survivors, and women with no history of cancer were compared by complex-sample general linear models. Breast cancer survivors spent significantly less mean time in sedentary behavior than other cancer survivors and women with no history of cancer; however, among them, 48.34% spent a long sedentary time of ≥420 min/day. Breast cancer survivors had a significantly higher level of walking activity and similar total MVPA levels compared to women with no history of cancer. When comparing domain-specific MVPA levels, breast cancer survivors showed significantly lower work-related MVPA levels than women with no history of cancer. In recent years, community-dwelling Korean breast cancer survivors were less sedentary, walked more, and had equivalent MVPA levels compared with women with no history of cancer. Considering the growing emphasis on healthy lifestyles, our results may reflect more contemporary behavior trends of breast cancer survivors.

Do device-measured physical activity and sedentary behavior differ by depression symptom status in persons with multiple sclerosis?

BackgroundDepression is highly prevalent and impactful in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). There are data indicating that the volume of physical activity behavior differs by depression symptom status in MS, yet less is known about the volume of sedentary behavior and its relationship with depression. We further know little about physical activity patterns and sedentary behavior and depression in MS. ObjectivesThis study examined differences in the volume (i.e., minutes/day) and pattern (i.e., bouts/day or bout length) of device-measured sedentary behavior and physical activity as a function of depression symptom status in persons with MS. MethodsThe sample of adults with MS (N=441) completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and wore a waist-mounted ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer during waking hours for 7 days. Participants were divided into subgroups of elevated (n=127) or non-elevated (n=314) depression symptoms based on a cut-point for the HADS scores (i.e., 8+ as indicative of elevated depressive symptoms). We examined the effect of depression group status differences on volume and pattern of sedentary behavior and light (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) physical activity between subgroups using multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) and then multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) controlling for demographic/clinical variables that differed between the elevated and non-elevated depression groups. ResultsResults of the MANOVA indicated an overall difference between subgroups in the volume, but not pattern, of physical activity and sedentary behavior. The non-elevated depression group had a significantly greater amount of steps/day (mean [M]=4584.3, standard deviation [SD]=2821.3), than the elevated depression group ([M]=3729.6, [SD]=2576.3, F=8.7; p=.003). Results of the MANCOVA revealed there was no statistically significant difference between the elevated and non-elevated depression groups in measures of volume of physical activity, and the difference in steps/day became non-significant F(1,438)= 2.13, p=.146), after controlling for disability, age, disease duration, and educations years. ConclusionsThis study observed no differences in sedentary behavior and physical activity as a function of depression symptom status in persons with MS, yet there was a difference in steps/day initially. Results demonstrated that when disability, age, disease duration, and years of education are included in the MANCOVA, the difference in depression groups is no longer significant. This suggests that steps/day could be an important target of health promotion interventions among persons with MS who have higher disability and elevated depression symptoms.

Exploring Differences in Older Adult Accelerometer-Measured Sedentary Behavior and Resting Blood Pressure Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Older adults have higher sedentary behavior (SB), lower physical activity, and are particularly susceptible to negative impacts from the COVID-19 pandemic and associated public health restrictions. Pandemic impacts to SB and health, particularly via objective assessment, are not well documented in the literature. Here we described differences in SB, physical activity, and blood pressure (BP) for older adults before and during the pandemic. Baseline thigh-worn activPAL accelerometer and BP measurements from 95 participants enrolled in a SB intervention trial pre-pandemic were compared to 60 enrolled post-pandemic. We used linear regression models adjusted for demographic and health factors to estimate differences in sample means of SB measures and BP. The post-COVID sample was older (age 67 vs. 70), more female (60% vs. 72%), and included more individuals of color (21% vs. 32%). In fully adjusted models, systolic BP was statistically significantly higher in the post-COVID group (6.8, 95% CI: [0.3,13.3]). After adjustment, activPAL-measured and self-reported activity were non-significant but trended towards greater total sitting (0.4 hours [−0.3, 1.1]), fewer daily steps (−270 [−1078, 538]), and greater self-reported TV time (0.4 hours, [-0.3, 1.1]) post-COVID. Future analyses are warranted to better quantify these impacts and guide clinical care and future interventions.

Differences of Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Metabolic Syndrome Severity Among Metabolic Syndrome Clusters

Background: Sedentary behavior (SB), physical activity (PA), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are risk indicators for cardiometabolic diseases. Novel methods for researching MetS by the 16 unique clusters (i.e., WC+FBG+BP) and as a continuous severity z-score (MetS-Z) have emerged. This study examined how SB, PA, and MetS-Z differed among MetS clusters and SB and PA differences by MetS-Z tertiles. Methods: Using 2015-2016 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) data, participants with MetS (N = 792) were identified. Subsequently, sex-, race-, and ethnicity-specific MetS-Z were calculated. SB and PA differences were compared between MetS clusters and MetS-Z tertiles. Additionally, MetS-Z was compared between MetS clusters. Results: The WC+FBG+BP MetS cluster was prevalent among 23.80% of participants (95% CIs, 18.41-30.18) and the overall mean MetS-Z was 1.16 (1.08-1.24). Participants reported over 6 daily hours of SB (393.41 minutes⋅day-1 [370.07-416.75]). The TRI+FBG+BP+HDL MetS cluster had less SB than the WC+TRI+FBG+HDL, WC+TRI+HDL, and WC+FBG+BP MetS clusters. PA did not differ between MetS clusters and no differences in SB or PA between MetS-Z tertiles. Conclusions: Limited differences in SB and PA were observed. Participants with 4 or more MetS criteria had worse MetS-Z. Efforts should support replacing SB with PA to improve cardiometabolic health.

Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults With Preclinical Cognitive Impairment With and Without Chronic Kidney Disease.

Older adults with preclinical cognitive impairment can have chronic conditions and lifestyle factors that influence health. Sedentary behavior is common in older adults with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective of the current study was to determine the differences in sedentary behavior for older adults with preclinical cognitive impairment with and without CKD. Our study evaluated 48 older adults with preclinical cognitive impairment with and without CKD who underwent assessment of sedentary behavior via accelerometry. We found that older adults with preclinical cognitive impairment with and without CKD were sedentary, but there were no significant differences between groups. Fragmentation index was different (p < 0.05), with a lower fragmentation index found in those with CKD. Sedentary behavior should be assessed and evaluated as a potential target for interventions to improve health in these at-risk older adults; however, further investigation is needed. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 47(6), 35-42.].

A - 31 Competitiveness Drives Young University Students off the Couch

Abstract Objective Purpose. Daily physical activity (PA) is effective in supporting cognitive and physical health. However, many Canadians do not meet the public health recommendation of at least 150 mins/week of moderate-to-vigorous PA. The current study examined individual differences in traits such as motivation (intrinsic-IM, extrinsic-EM), and competitiveness, as well as executive abilities (strategic planning; SP) in predicting physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Methods Method. 102 university students ages 18 to 30 (M = 20.78 years; 74% female) were recruited from a mid-sized Canadian city. Using a formula that differentially weighted moderate and vigorous activity (measured with the International PA Questionnaire), we fit a linear model predicting PA within the past week by SP (Executive Function Index), IM and EM (Global Motivation Scale), and competitiveness (Revised Competitiveness Scale). Results Results. Only competitiveness predicted PA within the past week (β = 0.309, p = 0.001). Follow-up regressions indicated enjoyment of the activity being the most predictive component (β =0.231, p = 0.017). Both EM (β = 0.202, p = 0.015) and IM (β = −0.223, p = 0.012) predicted sedentary behaviour when accounting for competitiveness and demographics (age, gender). Conclusions Conclusions. Strategic planning and motivation did not predict exercise within the past week and therefore did not appear to serve as precursors to PA engagement in this university sample. Competitiveness, and in particular the enjoyment of the activity, significantly predicted exercise engagement; however, IM was negatively associated with sedentary behaviour, whereas EM was positively associated, suggesting motivational differences in sedentary behaviour but not physical exercise. Further research is required to account for individual differences in physical activity engagement.

Effectiveness of a Home-Based Exercise Intervention in the Fitness Profile of Hispanic Survivors of Breast Cancer.

Home-based exercise interventions might be a desirable long-term option for breast cancer survivors to enhance compliance and long-term health benefits. To assess the effectiveness of a home-based intervention aimed at helping survivors of breast cancer meet the physical activity guidelines of the American College of Sports Medicine. Eighty-nine women (age: 55.4 ± 10 years; BMI: 31 ± 6.5 kg/m2) from two cancer centers serving Hispanic women participated in this study. Women performed a baseline assessment of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle endurance and strength, flexibility, range of motion, and extremity disability. After baseline measures, women were randomized into a control (C) or exercise (E) group. The exercise intervention consisted of a walking program, elastic band strengthening, and flexibility exercises performed at home. The outcome measures were reassessed 16 weeks after baseline measures. The intervention showed a strong effect of time on muscle strength and shoulder range of motion, and time and group for self-reported disability. There were no differences in sedentary behavior, physical fitness, and disability measures across intervention groups, including both exercise groups combined and changes over time between intervention groups. It appears that a home-based intervention affects only upper body strength and related disability, indicating that other components might need closer monitoring for significant changes to occur across time.

A Pilot Study of a Comprehensive School Physical Activity Program in Elementary Schools: Be a Champion!

In the present study, we sought to determine if a comprehensive school physical activity program (CSPAP) delivered using the Be a Champion! (BAC) framework was effective in increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and decreasing sedentary time in elementary school youth. We implemented a CSPAP in 3 elementary schools to determine its effectiveness to youth behaviors compared to 2 control schools. Youth physical activity was assessed via accelerometry in spring 2015 and spring 2016 during school hours on school days. Implementation of the BAC components and youth behavior was assessed through direct observation from fall 2015 through winter 2016. In a multilevel, mixed model examining the effects of intervention, we found no statistically significant effect of the intervention on overall MVPA. However, a significant increase in MVPA was observed among girls (but not boys) in the intervention schools relative to controls. No differences in sedentary behaviors were observed by group. CSPAP implementation may be effective in reducing sedentary time and increasing MVPA in girls, but not boys. Research is necessary to increase implementation dose and fidelity to best practices in physical activity promotion.

Ban Bedcentricity: A Multifaceted Innovation to Reduce Sedentary Behavior of Patients During the Hospital Stay.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore differences in sedentary behavior, length of hospital stay, and discharge destination of patients before and after the Ban Bedcentricity implementation at ward level.MethodsThe Ban Bedcentricity innovation and implementation procedure were implemented at the cardiothoracic surgery, cardiology, and orthopedics-traumatology wards. Sedentary behavior data were collected 2 weeks before and after the implementation using behavioral observations and analyzed with Pearson chi-square. Length of hospital stay and discharge destination data were collected from all admitted patients and analyzed with multiple and logistic regression analyses.ResultsBehavioral observations showed that in 52% of the observations, patients were lying in bed before implementation and 40% after implementation at the cardiothoracic surgery, 64% and 46% at the cardiology, and 53% and 57% at the orthopedics-traumatology wards, respectively. The mean length of hospital stay after implementation (compared with implementation before) was 5.1 days at the cardiothoracic surgery (n = 1923; mean = +0.13 days, 95% CI = −0.32 to 0.60), 2.6 days at the cardiology (n = 2646; mean = −0.22 days, 95% CI = −0.29 to −0.14), and 2.4 days at the orthopedics-traumatology wards (n = 1598; mean = +0.28 days, 95% CI = 0.06 to 0.50). After the implementation, more patients were discharged home from the cardiothoracic surgery (odds ratio [OR = 1.23], 95% CI = 1.07 to 1.37) and cardiology wards (OR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.22 to 1.49), and no statistically significant difference was found at the orthopedics-traumatology ward (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 0.88 to 1.27).ConclusionThe results indicate beneficial outcomes after the implementation with less sedentary behavior and proportionately more patients being discharged home compared with before the implementation. However, little information is available about the adoption and fidelity of Ban Bedcentricity; therefore, outcomes should be interpreted with caution.ImpactThis multifaceted innovation to reduce sedentary behavior of patients during the hospital stay seems to be promising, with outcomes indicating less sedentary behavior in patients and more patients being discharged home after the implementation.Lay SummaryWe introduced Ban Bedcentricity, an intervention to reduce the amount of time patients lie in the hospital bed during their hospitalization. This study shows that after the introduction of Ban Bedcentricity, patients lie in bed less and are more often discharged home.

Gender-related Differences in Sedentary Behavior of Japanese Living Overseas in Malaysia.

The purpose of the present study was to clarify the differences in social demographic factors and sedentary behavior by gender in Japanese living overseas in Malaysia. First, 130 subjects were surveyed by self-entry questionnaire for statistical factors related to social demographics and sedentary behavior. These factors were age (years), gender (man/woman), body mass index (BMI, kg/m2), educational history (>13 years, %), employment (full-time or part-time, yes, %), alcohol intake (a certain amount, yes, %), smoking behavior (yes, %), and marital status (yes, %). BMI, as obtained from the participants' weight and height, was collected from the self-reported questionnaire and assessed. Sitting behavior time as an index of sedentary behavior on workdays, non-workdays, and total time was identified by questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the chi square-test and t-test, respectively. The criterion for a statistically significant difference was p < 0.05. Finally, 107 subjects (68 men, 39 women) were analyzed. The ratios of social demographic factors of the men versus women group were age (58.5 ± 14.7 vs. 61.0 ± 12.1 years, p = 0.36), BMI (23.1 ± 2.6 vs. 21.8 ± 2.6 kg/m2, p = 0.01), educational history (86.7% vs. 56.4%, p < 0.001), employment (51.5% vs. 10.3%, p <0.001), alcohol intake (86.7% vs. 35.9%, p < 0.001), smoking behavior (30.9% vs. 10.3%, p = 0.01), and marital status (88.2% vs. 100%, p = 0.02). Sitting behavior time was 501.8 ± 254.6 vs. 346.0 ± 153.4 minutes (p < 0.001) on workdays, 415.1 ± 225.3 vs. 320.6 ± 178.7 minutes (p = 0.019) on non-workdays, and 458.5 ± 203.9 vs. 333.3 ± 132.1 minutes (p < 0.001) in total. These findings indicated that social demographic factors and sitting behavior time differed by gender. However, there are some limitations. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in only one city with a small number of participants who completed a self-entry questionnaire. In conclusion, assessment of the differences in social demographic factors and postponement of sedentary behavior for both genders may reduce sitting behavior time in overseas Japanese residents and may help in developing public health strategies.

Gender and education differences in sedentary behaviour in Canada: an analysis of national cross-sectional surveys

BackgroundCanadians spend the majority of their days sedentary. Gender and education are important social determinants of health that impact health behaviours. There is evidence that gender and educational differences in sedentary behaviour exist. In Canada, while general trends suggest that leisure sedentary activities have changed; there has been no comprehensive assessment examining whether historical changes in sedentary behaviour differ by gender and education level. Our objective was to examine whether gender and educational differences in accelerometer-measured sedentary time and self-reported sedentary behaviours exist among Canadians and if differences are consistent across age groups, over time and across multiple survey sources.MethodsWe summarize amounts of total accelerometer-measured sedentary time and self-reported sedentary activities (e.g., passive travel, television, computer, video games, screen, reading) by age (i.e. children: 6–11 years, youth: 12–17 years, adults: 18–34 years, 45–49 years, 50–64 years, and older adults: ≥ 65 years), gender (girls/women, boys/men) and household education level (< post-secondary vs. ≥ post-secondary) over time in the Canadian Community Health Survey, Canadian Health Measures Survey, General Social Survey, and the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children study. Gender and education level differences are examined using independent sample t-tests or chi-square analyses.ResultsWhile few differences were found for total accelerometer-measured sedentary time, gender and education differences in self-reported, type-specific sedentary behaviour were identified. Among youth, data from all surveys consistently identified that boys engaged in more video/computer game play (e.g., boys: 0.35–2.68 vs. girls: 0.09–2.15 h/day), while girls engaged in more leisure reading (e.g., boys: 0.45–0.65 vs. girls: 0.71–0.99 h/day). Those with a higher education or household education often reported more leisure reading and passive travel. Education level differences in screen time were often age dependent, with leisure computer use greater in higher education groups in adults only and leisure television watching generally higher in lower education groups in children and adults, but not youth.ConclusionsThis information is valuable as it helps to identify segments of the population which may be at greater risk for engaging in higher volumes of sedentary behaviour. In turn, this information can identify target audiences and behaviours for policies and interventions. Future work is needed to further understand factors contributing to these differences (e.g., preferences, occupation, family structure).

Device-measured sedentary behavior and physical activity in older adults differ by demographic and health-related factors

BackgroundOur aim was to describe and explore older adults’ device-measured sedentary behavior and physical activity (PA) pattern by sex, age, education, marital status, body mass index, and physical function; and to assess agreement regarding fulfillment of PA recommendations, i.e. 150 min/week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA), between device-measured and self-reported PA.MethodWe included 656 older adults (64% women), aged 66, 81–87 or ≥ 90 years from a Swedish population-based cohort study. The activPAL3 accelerometer provided information on sedentary behavior (sedentary time, sedentary bouts, sit-to-stand transitions) and PA. Stepping ≥100 steps/min was considered MVPA; standing and stepping < 100 steps/min were considered light-intensity PA (LPA). Self-reported PA was compared with min/week in MVPA and steps/day.ResultsOn average, 60% of wear time was spent sedentary, 36% in LPA, and 4% in MVPA. Relative to men, women, had significantly (p < 0.05) more sit-to-stand transitions, spent 33 min/day less sedentary and 27 min/day more in LPA, and were more likely to report meeting PA recommendations, but showed no difference in steps/day, MVPA, or sedentary bout duration. Older age was associated with more sedentary time, lower MVPA and fewer steps/day. The prevalence of meeting PA recommendations was 59% device-measured and 88% by self-report with limited agreement between methods (Cohen’s Kappa = 0.21, Spearman’s rho = 0.28). Age differences were much more pronounced with objective measures than by self-report.ConclusionsWe found significant sex differences in sedentary behavior and time in LPA in older adults, but not in MVPA, in contrast to previous findings. Sedentary time increased with age, with small differences in accumulation pattern. MVPA time was lower with older age, obesity, and poor physical function. A majority of the participants > 80 years did not meet the PA recommendations. Given the strong relationships between sedentary behavior, PA and health in older adults, programs are needed to address these behaviors. Agreement between device-measured and self-reported fulfillment of PA recommendations was limited. Device-based measurement adds value to PA studies, providing richer and different data than self-report.

Sedentary Time is Associated with Cardiometabolic Diseases in A Large Japanese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Aim: Accumulating evidence reveals that sedentary behavior is associated with mortality and cardiometabolic disease; however, there are potential age and sex differences in sedentary behavior and health outcomes that have not been adequately addressed. This study aimed to determine the association of sedentary behavior with cardiometabolic diseases such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, and its risk factors in a large Japanese population according to age and sex.Methods: Using data from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study obtained from baseline surveys, data of 62,754 participants (27,930 males, 34,824 females) were analyzed. This study uses a cross-sectional design and self-administered questionnaires to evaluate sedentary time and anamnesis. For the logistic regression analysis, sedentary time < 5 h/day was used as the reference and then adjusted for age, research areas, leisure-time metabolic equivalents, and alcohol and smoking status. From the analysis of anthropometric and blood examinations, 35,973 participants (17,109 males, 18,864 females) were analyzed.Results: For hypertension and diabetes, sedentary time was associated with a significantly higher proportion of male participants. Both sexes were associated with a significantly higher proportion of participants with dyslipidemia. Participants who had longer sedentary time tended to have increased levels of blood pressure, triglycerides, and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and decreased levels of HDL-C, especially in the 60–69 years group.Conclusions: Independent of leisure-time physical activity, sedentary time was associated with cardiometabolic diseases in a large Japanese population classified by age and sex. Our findings indicate that regularly interrupting and replacing sedentary time may contribute to better physical health-related quality of life.

Heritability of objectively assessed and self-reported sedentary behavior.

Understanding the sources of the large individual differences in sedentary behavior is of great importance as this behavior is associated with pre‐mature mortality and non‐communicable diseases. Here, we report on the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to the variation in objectively assessed (accelerometer) sedentary behavior and self‐reported sitting and their shared genetic basis. In addition, the overlap of the genetic risk factors influencing sedentary time and moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was estimated. A sample of 800 individuals (twins and their siblings) was equipped with an Actigraph accelerometer for 7 days and reported on their sitting time and time spent on MVPA on those days using the IPAQ‐SF. Genetic factors explained 56% (CI: 44%, 65%) of the individual differences in objective sedentary behavior (Actigraph) and 26% (CI: 0%, 51%) of the individual differences in self‐reported sedentary behavior (IPAQ‐SF). A modest correlation (0.33) was found between these measures, which was for 45% accounted for by genetic influences. The genetic correlation was 0.49 reflecting a partly overlapping set of genes that influenced both measurements. A modest correlation (−0.27) between Actigraph‐derived sedentary time and MVPA was found, which was 13% accounted for by genetic effects. The genetic correlation was −0.31, indicating that there are overlapping genetic variants that increase sedentary time and decrease MVPA or vice versa. To conclude, more than half of the individual differences in objective sedentary time could be attributed to genetic differences, while for self‐reported sitting this was much lower. In addition, using objective measurements, this study confirms that sedentary time is not simply the inverse of MVPA. Future studies are needed to understand the pathways translating genomic variation into variation in these behaviors and how this knowledge might feed into the development of health promotion interventions.

The Relationships between Cell Phone Use and Sedentary Behavior in Samples of Japanese and American College Students

Previous work from our research group has indicated a significant, positive relationship between cellular telephone (cell phone) use and sitting or sedentary behavior in college students. However, this work has been limited to only a single, large, public university in the Midwestern United States. Therefore, it remains unknown if this relationship would be present in groups of college students from different geographic regions and/or cultural backgrounds. PURPOSE: To compare the relationship between daily cell phone use and sedentary behavior in samples of college students from Japan and the United States. METHODS: A sample of college students (N = 808, 20.2 ± 1.8 years old) from either a university in Japan (n = 534, 19.8 ± 1.1 years old) or the United States (n = 274, 21.71± 2.4 years old) completed validated surveys assessing age, daily cell phone use (min) and daily total sedentary behavior (min). Surveys were administered in English for American students and Japanese for students from Japan. RESULTS: Independent samples t-tests revealed that Japanese students reported greater daily sitting (420 ± 264 min/day) and less daily cell phone use (215 ± 125 min/day) than American students (360 ± 198 min/day sitting, 274 ± 150 min/day cell phone use). Because of these differences, Pearson’s correlation analyses assessing the relationship between cell phone use and sedentary behavior were performed for Japanese and American students separately. There were significant, positive relationships between cell phone use and sedentary behavior in both Japanese (r = 0.132, p = 0.002) and American (r = 0.166, p = 0.006) college students. CONCLUSION: While there were differences in sedentary behavior and cell phone use in Japanese versus American college students, the relationships between these variables was positive and significant regardless of group. This finding supports previous data indicating that elevated cell phone use is predictive of greater daily sitting in college students. Furthermore, present results indicate that this relationship extends beyond American college students.

Sedentary Behavior and Physical Inactivity among College Students Affect Core Strength, Flexibility, and Posture

Sedentary behavior and physical inactivity have increased with advancements in technology. College students are high utilizers of computers and mobile devices, often for long periods with poor posture, putting them at risk for negative health consequences. PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of sedentary behavior and physical activity participation on core strength, flexibility, and posture in college students. METHODS: College students (N=33; n=22 female, n=11 male) completed physical measures and questionnaires of sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA). Curl-up tests, sit and reach, and plumb line assessments indicated core strength, flexibility, and posture, respectively. Two-way ANOVAs were performed with participants categorized by their posture measures (rounded shoulders; RS, and forward head posture; FHP) on weekday and weekend SB, and PA per week. Associations were determined between SB, PA, core strength, flexibility, and body fat percentage by computing Pearson’s correlation coefficients. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in SB and PA between postural groups. However, participants with RS and FHP spent an hour more per day being sedentary on average than those with RS alone (RS & FHP: SB weekday, M=3.74 hrs ± 0.79, SB weekend, M= 3.74 hrs ± 0.9; RS only: SB weekday, M= 2.62 hrs ± 0.36, SB weekend, M= 2.77 hrs ± 0.48). SB was associated with decreased flexibility (SB weekday: r=-0.47, p<0.01; SB weekend: r=-0.48, p<0.01), while physical inactivity was associated with higher body fat percentage (r=0.36, p=0.04) and decreased core strength (r=-0.51, p<0.01). Furthermore, college students who were sedentary during the week were also sedentary on the weekend (r=0.82, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Sedentary behavior and physical inactivity were associated with negative changes in core strength, flexibility, posture, and body composition. Interventions targeting improvements in these behaviors among college students should include guidance on reducing screen time and limiting improper posture.