Differences In Religious Beliefs Research Articles

Internalisation of Religious Moderation Values through Hidden Curriculum at Pondok Pesantren Modern Al-Fahd Jakabaring Palembang

Internalizing religious moderation values through the hidden curriculum in Islamic boarding schools refers to an indirect process in which religious moderation values are not explicitly taught to students through norms, habits, and culture observed and lived in the pesantren environment. In the context of Islamic boarding schools, hidden curriculum refers to the non-academic aspects of the learning experience, which are not explicitly taught through the official curriculum but are absorbed through daily experiences and social interactions. The internalization of religious moderation values through the hidden curriculum in pesantren shows how values such as tolerance, peace, inter-religious cooperation, and a moderate attitude in approaching differences in religious beliefs are reflected in the daily life of pesantren. The link between the hidden curriculum and the internalization of religious moderation values lies in the indirect influence exerted by norms, values, and culture that influence the educational environment. The hidden curriculum includes all aspects of teaching and learning that are not explicitly listed in the formal curriculum but still significantly impact the formation of student character, attitudes, and values. In religious moderation, this refers to internalizing values that create a moderate, tolerant, and open attitude toward religious differences.

Role of Extrinsic and Intrinsic Religiosity on Muslim Consumer Purchase Intention Toward Religiously Sanctioned Food

Differences in religious beliefs can impact the choices people make, the products they select, and the satisfaction they derive from life. Food plays a crucial role in this as it often catalyzes interaction among diverse social and religious groups. For instance, in Islam, dietary laws are clear regarding what is considered Halal (permissible) and Haram (forbidden). Consequently, the surge in demand for halal products has mirrored the expansion of the halal food industry. However, the level of religiosity among Muslims can vary based on their upbringing and exposure to social norms and values. Previous literature has mostly examined religiosity as a determinant of an individual's religious commitment to Halal-certified food products, with very few studies exploring the role of the dimensions of religiosity in influencing consumer purchase intentions for such products. Therefore, this study aims to provide a clear understanding of how various dimensions of religiosity influence the intention of Muslim consumers, especially those living in non-Muslim countries, to purchase halal-certified food products. To achieve this, the study employed an online survey methodology, collecting 291 usable responses from Muslims in China. The research framework used the Theory of Reasoned Action and utilized Smart PLS 4.1.0.2 version and SPSS Statistics Version 27 for data analysis. The findings revealed several significant relationships. The study demonstrated that the intrinsic religiosity of a Muslim consumer has a substantial effect whereas extrinsic religiosity has an insignificant impact on the attitude of a consumer. Moreover, consumer attitude significantly influences the intention of Muslim consumers to purchase religiously sanctioned food. The Country of origin has moderated the relationship between consumer attitude and intention to buy religiously sanctioned food for Muslim consumers living in non-Muslim states. The insights provided by this study are expected to be valuable for policymakers, including government bodies and certification organizations, as well as foreign investors and global marketers, as they seek to develop or revise their strategies for targeting Muslim consumers in non-Muslim states when it comes to halal-certified food products.

The Role of Religion in the International Clash of Civilisations: Beliefs and Frictions

This paper is based on Samuel Huntington's theory of the "clash of civilisations" and explores the complex role of religion in the international clash of civilisations. He argues that the post-Cold War global conflict will no longer be a confrontation based on ideology or national interests, but rather a friction between civilisations, particularly over differences in religious beliefs. The role of religion in shaping international relations and inspiring conflict is revealed by analysing a number of key international events and trends, such as religious conflicts in the Middle East, tensions between the West and the Islamic world, and cross-civilizational interactions in the context of globalisation.Firstly, the article explores how religious identity has become an important criterion for distinguishing the self from the other in international relations, especially in the context of the confrontation between Islam and the Western world. Next, the article analyses how religious extremism affects international politics, particularly its role in international terrorism. In addition, it examines how globalisation has exacerbated the friction between religions and civilisations, while at the same time opening up new opportunities for dialogue and understanding between civilisations. Through these case studies, the aim is to shed light on the dual role of religiosity in the international political arena: on the one hand, as a catalyst for divergence and conflict among civilisations, and on the other hand, as a potential conduit for cross-cultural understanding and peaceful dialogue. The article concludes with a discussion of how religion-induced clashes of civilisations can be mitigated through cross-cultural dialogue and cooperation in a multicultural and religiously diverse contemporary international society, contributing to international peace and stability. The study not only provides new ideas and perspectives for understanding major issues in current international politics, but also offers profound insights into dealing with differences and conflicts among civilisations.

AYASOFYA: DINI SEMBOLLER VE İMGELER VE ZIYARETÇILER ARASINDA HOŞGÖRÜ ILE İÇ UYUMUN ARTIRILMASINA ETKILERI

The research investigated the influence of religious symbols, image emotions, and beliefs in increasing tolerance and inter-faith harmony among visitors at Hagia Sophia. Earlier research has shown Hagia Sophia as a heritage site promoting tolerance, peace, and harmony, yet a gap was found in terms of the impact of religious signs and images on visitors’ perception of tolerance and interfaith harmony. Therefore, in this research, interfaith harmony was used as an analytical tool to measure religious symbols, images, emotions, and beliefs and their influence on visitors. A sample of 100 local participants (Muslims and Christians) in Hagia Sophia was considered. The research scope was restricted to local visitors to gain better insight and understanding regarding religious symbols and images and their influence on increasing tolerance and interfaith harmony. The findings show that religious symbols increase tolerance and interfaith harmony among visitors. However, an insignificant effect of religious images and visitors’ beliefs was observed in influencing their perceptions of tolerance and harmony. Also, a statistically significant difference in scores of tolerance and interfaith harmony between Muslim and Christian visitors was found, while an insignificant difference in scores was noted regarding the visitors’ age. The research brings novelty, highlighting that religious symbols were significantly related to increasing tolerance and interfaith harmony. This difference in views among visitors can be credited to differences in religious beliefs and emotions among Muslims and Christians. The study has limitations in terms of sample size and its scope restricted to Turkey. It has implications for academics to investigate Hagia Sophia from theological and philosophical perspectives, using surveys from visitors across different nationalities and faiths and interviews of historians and experts to provide in-depth findings. Keywords: Hagia Sophia, Islam, Christianity, mosaics, calligraphy, tolerance, interfaith harmony, religious symbols and images, religious emotion and belief.

The Dynamics of Evangelism in a Multicultural Context: Challenges and Opportunities for Contextualization

Evangelism in a multicultural context has become a primary concern in the mission of the modern church. In an effort to comprehend the dynamics involved in evangelism within multicultural environments, this research aims to identify the primary challenges faced by evangelists while also detailing the emerging opportunities in the endeavor to contextualize the message of the Gospel. Through an in-depth literature review in qualitative research, this study reveals the complexity of the multicultural context within the scope of evangelism. The main challenges encompass differences in religious beliefs, language disparities, and cultural tensions, all of which necessitate a prudent and adaptable approach. However, within these challenges, significant opportunities also arise. These opportunities include the formation of intercultural bridges, an improved understanding of religious pluralism, and the potential for collaboration among people of different faiths. The research findings emphasize the importance of contextualizing the Gospel message to establish an effective and meaningful approach within a multicultural context. This study provides valuable insights for churches and evangelists operating in multicultural environments, stimulating discussions about the role of contextualization in disseminating the message of the Gospel in an increasingly diverse society.

Construction of Religious Tolerance: Revitalizing The Prayer of Da'wah on Social Media

Social conflicts resulting from differences in religious beliefs and beliefs need to be managed to resolve differences and build lasting consensus. Therefore, the issue of harmony between religious and cultural communities and existing beliefs, both locally and nationally, is a big problem that cannot be ignored and needs serious attention from all parties. Therefore, if religious conflict occurs frequently, it can destroy human values and the foundation of human life. The method used in this research is qualitative with a literature study approach. The results of this research are that people have the freedom to consume whatever form of media they like, but the media itself must function as a filter in deciding what news to cover so that it can function as a social glue for issues such as religious tolerance. The existence of the media as a means of disseminating information demands responsibility to society. Misuse of social events in the media will have a negative impact on society. The existence of the media as a means of disseminating information demands responsibility to society. Misrepresenting social events in the media can potentially have devastating consequences for society.

The mixed marriages and their effect on Christian-Muslim relations in Bulo Sub-County Uganda

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of mixed marriages on Christian-Muslim Relations in Bulo Sub-County, Uganda. The study aims at establishing an understanding of marriage and mixed marriages among Christians and Muslims in Bulo Sub-County. It assesses the impact of challenges in mixed marriages on Christian-Muslim Relations and finally identifies solutions to mixed marriage challenges in Bulo Sub-County. The study used a descriptive survey design that combined quantitative and qualitative approaches to collect data. The sampling technique employed was the non-probability sampling technique, while the instruments for data collection were interviews and questionnaires using simple random sampling and purposive sampling techniques. The data was analysed using thematic methods. Marriage in Christianity is a lifelong monogamous covenant between a man and a woman, whereas Islamic marriage is a contract between a woman and a man called nikah. The mixed marriage challenges like differences in religious beliefs and practices such as dress code, dowry (mahr) payment and remittance, maintenance, threats of violence, discrimination and religious sanctions will lead to poor Christian-Muslim relations unless massive capacity building on freedom of religion and beliefs is done or establishment of interfaith dialogue centres in Bulo Sub–County to address marriage and family issues before the problem ruptures to the community.

Relevansi Konsep Rahmatan Lil ‘Alamin Terhadap Toleransi Beragama

The concept of Rahmatan lil'alamin has strong relevance to religious tolerance, and how an understanding of inclusivity can play a central role in building a society that respects and accepts differences in religious beliefs. This research or study explains that there is a relevance or relationship of rahmatanLil'Alamin against religious tolerance. The goal is to make it understandable for some people to apply concept of Islamic teachings Rahmatan Lil'Alamin in their lives so that peace, happiness, serenity and harmony can be realized.
 The research method used is the library method, namely reading various books, collecting and recording book literature with data sources found in the library. The results of the discussion in this journal are that in the context of religious tolerance, the conceptt of rahmatan lil alamin can to interpreted as an inclusive attitude that encourages Muslims to respect, accept and establish harmonious relationships with people of other religions, teaches Muslims about the importance of love, compassion, and kindness to all human beings and the environment.

Metode Penyuluh Agama Islam Dalam Menanamkan Toleransi Antar Umat Beragama di Kelurahan Tanjung Langkat Kecamatan Salapian


 Basically, Islamic religious instructors have a very important role in society and empower themselves as Islamic religious instructors to show successful they are in counselling and guidance to community. Religious instructors are also the leading sector of Islamic community guidance, which has duties or obligations that are quite heavy, broad and the problem they face are even more complex. Islamic religious instructors are certainly not alone in carrying out quite heavy mandates, they must act as motivators, facilitators and, catalysts for Islamic da’wah in public. Indonesia, as a vast nation, encompasses a diverse range of religious beliefs, such as Islam, Christianity, Hinduism, Buddhism, and various other faiths. Consequently, fostering interreligious tolerance becomes imperative in ensuring social stability and safeguarding society from ideological pressures. Differences in religious beliefs is also a motivating factor not to bring each other down, to belittle one another each other tolerance is an attitude of mutual respect related to inter- religious relations and also freedom of and worship in society. One of the benefits of tolerance is that it makes it easier to realize unity and unity in the face of existing differences so that life will be comfortable and peaceful even in the midst of differences.
 Keywords: Method, Extension, Tolerance, People

HUMANITY VALUES IN THE VIDEO ZAIN RAMAḌĀN 2019 AL-DIN TAMAM AL-AKHLAQ: ROLAND BARTHES' SEMIOTICS STUDY

Religious tolerance is an essential requirement for a harmonious and peaceful religious life in society. Therefore, supporting religious tolerance can help societies achieve greater diversity and harmony, and reduce conflicts and misunderstandings that may arise due to differences in religious beliefs. Support for religious tolerance at this time can be shown in various ways, one of which is through videos entitled Zain Ramaḍān 2019 Al-Din Tamam Al-Akhlaq. This study aims to elaborate on the human values contained in the video Zain Ramaḍān 2019 Al-Din Tamam Al-Akhlaq. To find out these messages and values, the theory used to analyze the video is Roland Barthes' semiotics, namely the meaning of signs at the first level in the form of denotative meanings and the meaning of signs at the second level in the form of connotative and mythical meanings. This research is included in descriptive qualitative research. The data in this study were obtained through the listening method and note-taking technique then analyzed by the semiotic study of Roland Barthes. The results showed that there were semiotic signs, both verbal and nonverbal signs in the video which contained denotative, connotative and mythical meanings. Through these two processes of reading the Barthes sign, it can be seen that the values contained in the videoZain Ramaḍān 2019 Al-Din Tamam Al-Akhlaq include maintaining unity and harmony, messages of peace between religious communities, making friends without barriers, loving children, and freedom of speech. These values represent the role of religion as a complement to human morality

The role of demographic factors on religious beliefs: Evidence from five countries

Background: Individuals' values, attitudes, and behaviours are significantly influenced by their religious beliefs. The present study examines the demographic factors (gender, age groups, religion, employment status, household income, marital status, self-perceived adulthood, and country of origin) that may influence religious beliefs. Methods: The data was collected from September to December 2022 using an online survey. A cross-sectional design was used to collect data from 885 respondents from five countries: Malaysia, the Philippines, China, Kenya, and Indonesia. The survey included questions on five variables related to religious belief: religious certainty, religious culture, religious importance, religious practice, and belief in God. Respondents were asked to rate their level of agreement or disagreement with statements related to each variable on a Likert scale. T-tests and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data and determine any significant differences in religious beliefs between the five countries. Results: The results revealed that female respondents held stronger religious beliefs than male respondents. Furthermore, respondents aged 30-45 rated themselves as having a higher religious culture and practice than respondents aged 18-29. Islam groups ranked highest in religious beliefs, followed by Christian, Roman Catholic, and Hindu groups. Full-time students rated themselves as less religious than full-time employed and other groups, while lower-income groups rated themselves as more religious than middle- and upper-income groups. Single groups rated themselves higher on belief in God than cohabiting and in-relationship groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study provides evidence that demographic factors influence religious beliefs among respondents from five different countries. These findings can contribute to a better understanding of how religiosity is shaped by various socio-demographic factors and can inform policies and interventions designed to promote religious tolerance and diversity. More research is required to investigate the complex relationships between demographic factors and religiosity, particularly in different cultural and religious contexts.

Inter-Faith Marriages: Engaging Nigerian Religious Identity in the film North East

Inter-faith marriage, as a challenge to religious identity is commonplace in many religious societies. In pre-colonial Nigerian society the institution of marriage was hedged with strict ethnic modalities which became weakened by western influences through colonisation. Thus, inter-faith marriage, one of the features of modern Nigeria is beset with challenges deeply reflected in the differences in religious beliefs. The prevalence of this challenge made it open to redress from different social instruments, and specifically film. In the narrative of the film North East, there appears to be a negotiation of religious identity instead of the promotion and preservation of it as a sub-set of culture. This study examined this negotiation of religious identity in relation to marriage with the aim of ascertaining the acceptability in the modern African society, and in particular, Nigeria. It employed a qualitative survey as research design, and the data collection instrument was focus group discussion (FGD). The study found that love rather than religious identity should be the foundation of marriage. In addition, the study revealed that the film industry can encourage inter-faith marriages in multi-religious societies despite the challenges as presented in the North East. Therefore, the study concluded that since inter-faith marriage is fraught with challenges, film producers, should endeavour to run a follow-up story line that may present a clear picture of aftermath challenges of inter-faith marriage and its management.

Integration of Science and Religion: Implications for Islamic Education

The integration of science and religion means the fusion of science and religion. But it is not completely mixed because it has its characteristics. The integration of science and religion is likely to happen in the Islamic paradigm because it is based on the concept of tawhid. Science and religion need to cultivate awareness of holistic and comprehensive education. This study aims to explain and analyze the integration of science and religion, especially in the Islamic education system, using library research, which collects data by understanding and studying theories from various literature related to research. The results of the study concluded that the integration of science and technology has implications for Islamic education, among others: first, it has implications in terms of curriculum, delivering students the desire and ability to conduct research (research) in the fields of science to find then the "connection point" with the objective reality that occurs in religious areas. Second, implications in the teaching and learning process, teachers develop creative imagination. The role of teachers with the power of creative imagination is to create certain methods so that students can absorb lessons quickly and completely. And third, implications in the aspect of religious social education. With an integrative paradigm, students will be invited to think holistically and impartially in living the plurality of beliefs and religions to foster mutual respect and respect for differences in religious beliefs.

Resting-state networks of believers and non-believers: An EEG microstate study

Atheism and agnosticism are becoming increasingly popular, yet the neural processes underpinning individual differences in religious belief and non-belief remain poorly understood. In the current study, we examined differences between Believers and Non-Believers with regard to fundamental neural resting networks using EEG microstate analysis. Results demonstrated that Non-Believers show increased contribution from a resting-state network associated with deliberative or analytic processing (Microstate D), and Believers show increased contribution from a network associated with intuitive or automatic processing (Microstate C). Further, analysis of resting-state network communication suggested that Non-Believers may process visual information in a more deliberative or top-down manner, and Believers may process visual information in a more intuitive or bottom-up manner. These results support dual process explanations of individual differences in religious belief and add to the representation of non-belief as more than merely a lack of belief.

Identity, Integrity, and Religious Doubt in Later Life

Drawing as a qualitative method has been employed to elicit views on aging. The subject matter of the drawings, without an explanation from participants, can be misinterpreted. Therefore, in this research, we explored college students’ drawings of the life course and the extent to which the content of these drawings corresponded to their written descriptions. A content analysis was performed on 524 college students’ life course drawings and their descriptions. Participants drew, on average, five life stages. The majority (75%) of the human beings represented were alone in each life stage. Twelve percent of the drawings were non-human representations of the life course (e.g., flower, tree). The majority of the images (85%) included in the drawings were not mentioned in the written descriptions, for example, hair changes (e.g., from long and straight to curly and short for women). Some physical characteristics (e.g., wrinkles [29%], hunched back [22%]) and some contexts (e.g., tombstones [37%], nursing home [100%]) were present in both the drawing and descriptions. Findings highlight which ideas associated with aging participants thought needed an explanation and which they might have seen as intrinsic to aging, warranting no explanation, emphasizing the importance of examining both drawn and written content when using drawing as a method in aging research. A more thorough and precise examination of the beliefs and perceptions of college students, who will serve as future professionals working with older adults, allows for the development of educational and engagement strategies that accurately target commonly held misperceptions regarding aging.

The mediating role of self-esteem in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and god image among Turkish Muslims

Childhood maltreatment is widespread in predominantly Muslim countries. However, the research investigating the impact of childhood maltreatment on the adult survivors’ religious and spiritual lives has mainly focused on Western Judeo-Christian samples. Considering cross-cultural differences in religious beliefs, in this study, we investigated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and god image, and the mediating role of self-esteem in a sample of Muslim Turkish adults. Eight hundred two participants completed Childhood Trauma Questionnaire–Short Form, God Perception Scale, and Self-Esteem Scale. Findings revealed that all childhood maltreatment subtypes predicted negative image of god and self-esteem mediated some of the negative effects of each maltreatment subtype on god image. The study also found that emotional neglect was the most prominent predictor of negative image of god, followed by emotional abuse. Based on attachment theory, we concluded that the emotional component of childhood maltreatment had more long-lasting adverse consequences in survivors’s relationship with god in Muslim adults.

Religious Fundamentalism and Quest as Predictors of Moral Foundations Among Iranian Muslims

AbstractDoes religion make us moral? How do individual differences in religious beliefs influence morality? Can we predict differences in moral concerns by certain facets of religiousness? Here, we attempted to answer these hotly debated questions within a novel psychological framework called “moral foundations theory.” We extended past research on the relationship between moral foundations and religiosity that was limited to Christian samples in WEIRD (Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic) societies. Data were collected from 276 Iranian Muslims who completed an online survey measuring religious dimensions and the endorsement of five moral foundations (Care, Fairness, Loyalty, Authority, and Purity). Each of the moral foundations was positively correlated with intrinsic religiosity, religious fundamentalism, and religious activity, while quest religiousness was negatively correlated with binding foundations. However, controlling for general religiosity and demographic variables, we found that religious fundamentalism predicted binding foundations; quest religiousness predicted individualizing foundations; intrinsic religiosity predicted care, authority, and purity.

Barriers to the provision of optimal care to dying patients in hospital: An international cross-sectional comparison study of nurses’ perceptions

BackgroundNurses play an important role in caring for patients who are dying in hospital, so it is important to understand their perceptions of the factors that may influence the quality of that care. Much of the existing literature is focused on end-of-life care provision in western settings. Little is known about how nurses’ perceptions of end-of-life care provision may differ across Asian and Western locations. Understanding the similarities and differences between the perceptions of nurses in Asian and Western locations about the barriers to the provision of high-quality end-of-life care may help guide education and policy initiatives to improve end-of-life care in each location. AimTo compare the perceptions of nurses from Australia, South Korea, and Hong Kong regarding barriers to high-quality end-of-life care provision for people dying in hospitals. MethodsA cross-sectional study of hospital-based nurses from Australia (n = 153), South Korea (n = 241), and Hong Kong (n = 188) completed a survey between December 2016 and June 2018. Nurses indicated the extent to which they perceived 40 items across five domains to be a barrier to high-quality end-of-life care provision. FindingsSignificant variation between the perceptions of nurses in each location was found in two-thirds of the survey items. The greatest difference was seen in the item doctors continue life-sustaining medical interventions for too long, which was considered a significant barrier by 60.1% of Australian nurses, 32.9% of South Korean nurses and 13.8% of Hong Kong nurses. The greatest cross-location agreement related to differences in religious beliefs and languages. These items were considered a significant barrier by fewer than one-quarter of nurses. ConclusionNurses in Hong Kong, South Korea and Australia perceived a range of challenges to the provision of optimal end-of-life care. The significant differences observed in two-thirds of response items support the hypothesis that strategies to improve the quality of end-of-life care in one location may not be effective in another. For interventions to be effective they must be tailored to the unique nature of care-provision in each location. Gaining an understanding of the potential reasons for these differences may highlight potential targets for interventions that address the unique factors associated with care provision in each location.

On Cultural Connotations of Death Euphemisms in English and Chinese: A Case Study of <i>The Story of the Stone</i> and Its Translation by Hawkes

Euphemism, as a language phenomenon, exists in both English and Chinese language. At the same time, euphemism is also a cultural phenomenon. Different habits of using euphemisms form gradually through different cultural traditions, values and national personalities. Generally speaking, euphemism is an effective and simple way for people to communicate and convey their emotions. It is generally recognized that The Story of the Stone is the highest achievement of Chinese classical novels, especially in Chinese traditional culture. In many different languages and cultures, death is one of the taboo subjects. The Story of the Stone contains a large number of euphemisms, including more than 100 death euphemisms. By taking The Story of the Stone and its translation by Hawkes as the research objects, this thesis looks into the similarities and differences of the cultural connotations in Chinese and English death euphemisms via quantitative analysis of their classifications and distributions. Specifically, there exist differences in religious beliefs and hierarchical concepts between Chinese and English cultures, as well as the similarities in cognitive attitudes and physical reactions between two sides. Hence, some relevant translation strategies are put forward by analyzing the cultural contrasts reflected by these Chinese and English euphemisms, which will accordingly guarantee a successful cross-cultural communication.

Islamic Moderation as A Resolution of Different Conflicts of Religion

Some tragedies and humanitarian conflicts that are both heartbreaking and worrying have been taking place in different parts of Indonesia. The cause of the conflict can be political factors, economic disparity, cultural disparity, ethnic and religious sentiments. Thus, it becomes very urgent for groups that are easily exposed to the conflict to understand Islamic moderation as a conflict resolution of differences in religious beliefs. This research is library research with qualitative research methods and descriptive approaches. Analysis of the data on the subject uses an inductive approach with data sourced from books, journals, newspapers, and scientific papers that are related to the object being studied. The results showed that the current national problems such as economic inequality, cultural disparity, ethnic and religious sentiments as well as the threat of conflict could only be resolved through cooperation with the principle of mutual understanding among religious communities. Thus through moderation of Islamic plurality, diversity, or diversity that has become a necessity can be utilized as universal energy to break down the problems of the Indonesian nation today.