Differences In Performance Indicators Research Articles

A network design perspective on the adoption potential of electric road systems in early development stages

The electrification of heavy freight trucks presents a significant challenge in the global push to decarbonize the transport sector. This study explores the deployment of Electric Road Systems (ERS) as a potential solution. We propose a novel methodology, grounded in rich empirical data, and apply it to the potential deployment of ERS infrastructure in the Netherlands. The primary aim is to analyze the adoption potential of different ERS network designs during the early stages of ERS development, specifically contrasting dense infrastructures with longer ERS corridors. The results show that corridors offer superior performance in terms of the distance traveled over the ERS infrastructure while dense networks attract more, but shorter trips. These differences in performance indicators have important implications for policymakers when considering the financial viability and environmental impact of different ERS network designs.

Performance of wrestlers at the Olympic Games: gender aspect

Background and Study Aim. With the increasing popularity of freestyle wrestling, the scientific community is paying more attention to gender factors that may influence the performance and success of competitive activities.
 The aim of study to determine differences in performance indicators between male and female wrestlers in the Olympic Games 2021.
 Material and Methods. The study included 192 athletes, consisting of 96 male wrestlers and 96 female wrestlers. An analysis of match records and video footage was conducted for women's (n=113) and freestyle (n=114) wrestling at the 2021 Tokyo Olympic Games. The assessment of performance indicators utilized an expert evaluation method. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using licensed Excel spreadsheet software. For categorical data, results were expressed in absolute numbers and percentages.
 Results. Based on the analysis of competitive activities at the 2021 Olympic Games, 12 primary technical-tactical actions were identified. The most frequently employed actions were in the standing position: leg attacks, with male wrestlers performing it 35.8% of the time and female wrestlers 30.3%; in the ground position, male wrestlers employed gut wrench (7.6%), while female wrestlers used ankle lace (9.4%). It was found that male wrestlers and female wrestlers accumulated approximately the same number of points for their actions: male wrestlers (926 points) and female wrestlers (912 points). The effectiveness in the standing position was higher for male wrestlers (720 points) than for female wrestlers (621 points). In the ground positions, female wrestlers demonstrated better effectiveness (291 points) than male wrestlers (206 points). The number of points deducted for rule violations was significantly lower for female wrestlers (8 times) compared to male wrestlers (27 times). Time stoppages during challenge reviews were fewer for female wrestlers (7 times) compared to male wrestlers (18 times).
 Conclusions. The conducted research indicates differences in the performance indicators of freestyle wrestling between men and women. Male wrestlers employ more actions in the standing position (81.7%) than female wrestlers (70.7%). Correspondingly, female wrestlers execute more actions in the ground positions (29.3%) compared to male wrestlers (18.3%). The total number of actions performed is higher for male wrestlers (579) than for female wrestlers (518). Female wrestlers achieve more premature victories (32.7% of all matches) compared to male wrestlers (24.6%). The obtained results will assist coaches in better adapting to gender differences and developing specific training programs for athletes.

Analysis of performance indicators in outdoor vs. indoor professional padel

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to analyse the differences in performance indicators between outdoor and indoor professional padel tournaments according to the gender of the players, the round in the draw, the set number, and their result. Performance indicators (winning break points, errors, winning shots, winning smashes…) of 942 sets (402 matches) from the 2022 World Padel Tour (WPT) season were collected from WPT TV open access videos. Differences between outdoor and indoor tournaments in performance indicators according to the analysed variables were analysed through descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed significant differences between outdoor and indoor tournaments in men’s padel with a higher number of winning shots (p < 0.001) in indoor matches, and in women’s padel with a higher number of smashes (p < 0.001), winning smashes (p = 0.003) and errors (p = 0.002), in outdoor matches. In addition, the rounds in the draw, the set number, and its result were found to be parameters that influence the performance indicators analysed according to the tournament (outdoor and indoor). These findings are of great interest, as they provide players and coaches with an understanding of the performance indicators that affect the style of play depending on whether the tournament is played outdoors or indoors.

Evaluation of differences in the performance strategies of top and bottom basketball teams utilizing rank-sum ratio comprehensive.

This study aimed to explore common characteristics among top basketball teams, differentiate attacking and defensive performance between top and bottom teams, and correlate attacking and defensive performance with final competition rankings during the 2019 Men's Basketball World Cup, as well as to determine the relationship between performance indicators and the attacking and defensive performance. In addition, the study aimed to determine the attacking and defensive level of the top and bottom eight teams and find their existing problems and shortcomings, to further improve their competitive basketball strength, and also provided valid and reliable information for coaches to conduct targeted training in the future. The rank-sum ratio (RSR) was employed to evaluate the attack, defense, and overall attacking and defensive performance between the top and bottom teams during the 2019 Men's Basketball World Cup. Additionally, an independent sample T-test was conducted to test the difference in performance indicators of attack and defense between the top eight and bottom eight teams. Spearman Rho Correlation was conducted to determine the relationship between the attacking and defensive RSR value and the final competition ranking at the 0.05 confidence level. Pearson Correlation was employed to test the relationship between the performance indicators and the attacking and defensive RSR value at the 0.05 confidence level. According to Spearman and Pearson Correlation, the indicators which contributed most to the attacking and defensive performance, as well as the correlation between attack and defense and the final ranking, can thus be determined. The results showed that the attacking performance of the top eight teams was far better than the bottom eight teams in terms of average points (p = 0.000), 2-point shoot percentage (p = 0.001), 3-point shoot percentage (p = 0.003), free throw percentage (p = 0.001), turnovers (p = 0.012), and assists (p = 0.000), and there was a significant difference (p < 0.05). However, second attack (p = 0.484), fast-break (p = 0.174), and offensive rebounds (p = 0.261) showed no significant difference between the two cohorts (P > 0.05), and the offensive rebounds of the bottom eight teams were better than the top eight teams. Additionally, there was a large gap between the top eight teams and the bottom eight teams in lost points (p = 0.001) and defensive rebounds (p = 0.000), with a very significant difference (p < 0.01). However, steals (p = 0.760), blocks (p = 0.166), and fouls (p = 0.686) had no significant difference between the two cohorts (P > 0.05). Additionally, there was a very significant difference between attack RSR (p = 0.000), defense RSR (p = 0.006), and the overall attack-defense RSR (p = 0.000) of the top eight and bottom eight teams (p < 0.01), and most top teams focused on developing both attack and defense and paid attention to improve the overall attacking and defensive ability. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between the overall attack-defense performance and assists (p = 0.832), rebounds (p = 0.762), turnovers (p = 0.702), 2-point shoot percentage (p = 0.704), defensive rebounds (p = 0.809), fast-break points (p = 0.577), blocks (p = 0.600), and free throw percentage (p = 0.575). This study showed that the top basketball teams focused on developing both attack and defense, and have the common characteristics of strong attack and defense. Whether it was the attack, defense, or overall attacking and defensive ability, there was a significant relationship with the final ranking. Additionally, this study showed that there were very significant differences in both attacking and defensive abilities between the top eight and bottom eight teams, as well as highlighted their respective advantages and disadvantages in attacking and defensive indicators. Besides that, this study found that performance indicators such as assists, defensive rebounds, 2P%, turnovers, FT%, fast-breaks, and blocks were the main factors that distinguish the top and bottom teams, and they had a significant relationship with overall attacking and defensive performance. The above information allows coaches and players to learn the latest developments in competitive basketball, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, to help them organize targeted training in the future.

Constructing a Model to Discriminate the Workload Level of Ship Interface Operators

Workload level has a significant impact on the human errors of ship operators. Therefore, the accurate discrimination of the operator’s workload level has an important effect on preventing human errors. Firstly, this study analyzed the differences in performance indicators, subjective workload indicators, and eye movement indicators under different workloads. Secondly, according to the correlation analysis result, the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX) score has a correlation with error rate, operation time, NASA-TLX score, pupil dilation, blink rate, saccadic rate, and fixation rate. Thirdly, this study used a typical discriminant analysis method to construct a discrimination model based on these indicators. The validation result indicated that the accurate discrimination rate of the model is 100% for the low and general workload and that is 90.9% for the high workload. It indicated that the constructed model can effectively distinguish the workload level.

Contribution of professional basketball players according to the specific position and the competition phase

The intervention of female basketball Players during competition has not been widely studied. In addition, it is necessary to differentiate their intervention according to the specific position they occupy. The intervention of the Players is in turn conditioned by the competitive phase. The objectives of this work were to identify the differences in the performance indicators in professional basketball Players based on their role and discover the differences in the performance indicators based on the competition phase. For this, an empirical, descriptive and observational study was carried out, analyzing 572 matches of the 78 days of the regular phase and 20 of the Play-Offs between the 2015/2016, 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons. The game indicators recorded by the competition were normalized according to the minutes Played in order to make comparisons. The Mann-Whitney U Test was performed to identify differences in performance indicators between specific roles in function of competition phase. A change in the intervention of the Players is identified depending on the competition phase. The bases have a greater contribution in the field shots and 2 points during the regular league. Guards and power forwards increase their effectiveness in the Play-Offs on 3-point shooting. Power forwards during the regular season provide more free throws. Finally, during the PlayOffs, the collective game is favored by the contribution of the bases through assists and the defensive game with the contribution of the pivots, through rebounds and the defensive intensity of the forwards. Relevant information can have important applications such as training preparation, prior planning of the competition, making changes to matches, specific instructions on Players and making signings that meet the needs of the team.

Differences in performance indicators between winners and losers in senior inter county hurling championship

ABSTRACT Hurling is one of the oldest field sports in the world, yet little research has been conducted to develop our understanding of its game demands. This study aimed to create a profile of elite performance using data from three full seasons, and identify which performance indicators discriminate between winners and losers. A total of 77 Senior Inter County Hurling games (2018–2020) were analysed using NAC Sport Scout Plus, with all puckouts (5128), turnovers (6400) and shots (5695) coded. Paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed rank testing were used to interrogate differences between winners and losers. Significant differences were identified in shooting indicators, with winning teams having higher total shot count (40), shot count from open play (29.5) and shot efficiency from both open play (61%) and dead balls (77%). There were significant differences in possession metrics; winners had a lower turnover rate (53%) and higher puckouts retention (65%), exhibiting higher overall productivity (3.8). These benchmark findings, and the detailed breakdown of puckout location and turnover type, will be of considerable interest to hurling coaches and analysts.

Designing Strategy of Indonesia Port Car Terminal Based on Analysis of Profitability Ratio Before And After the IPO

&lt;p class="02abstracttext"&gt;Indonesia has managed to get out of the low-income zone and into the middle-income zone. However, Indonesia still has a challenge that is to get out of the middle-income trap zone. These challenges must be resolved by improving the performance of BUMN. Indonesia Port Center Terminal is one of the BUMN subsidiary companies precisely a subsidiary of Indonesia Port Center II (Persero). The purpose of the study was to determine differences in performance indicators before and after the IPO in profitability ratios, namely ROA, ROE, OPM, and NPM and recommendations for performance improvement strategies. The data obtained is based on the 2016-2019 financial statements and questionnaires to expert judgment. The method used is the Wilcoxon Paired t-Test, AHP, and SWOT test. The results of the Wilcoxon Paired t-Test test before and after the IPO were no difference. The results of the company's SWOT analysis are in the position of quadrant I (strength and opportunities). The recommended strategy applied in this condition is to support an aggressive growth policy that prioritizes the strengths and opportunities of the company.&lt;/p&gt;

Assessment of the Performance of Mergers: Revisiting Results after a Prolonged Period

Research background: Mergers and acquisitions (M&amp;As) have become a widespread tool for business growth strategy. Considering the developments after the previous financial crisis, a fresh wave of M&amp;As is expected to appear in the near future. Investors will look for suitable businesses to consolidate their market position. Purpose of the article: The aim of this work is to assess the performance of completed mergers over a period of five years and compare the results with previous research in which we examined the success of mergers over a three-year period. Our goal was to find out if any differences in performance indicators occur and if these differences are significant. The results may offer potential indicators of merger success rate prediction. Methods: We focused our research on mergers of private companies (i.e. not publicly traded companies) in the Czech Republic. Our research sample contained 50 completed mergers. The mergers were divided into two groups – successful and unsuccessful – according to the sales and profit of the merged company. We calculated financial indicators for each group based on accounting data. We then used the Mann-Whitney U test to test the significance of the differences between the indicator values. Findings &amp; value added: Several important performance indicators emerged. The most significant included production consumption to sales, the material cost to sales, receivables to sales, assets turnover and profitability ratios. The ratio labour cost to sales was replaced with the ratio value added to labour cost. Our research concludes that these indicators can be considered crucial.

Factors that Influence the Electronic-based Development Planning Process in Makassar City

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the electronic-based development planning process in Makassar City. This research method uses a mixed-method approach or mixing method, namely quantitative and qualitative. In this study, several types of data collection techniques were used, including interviews, observations, document tracking, and notes. The data analysis technique in the mixed convergent method is side by side comparison. The results of this study indicate that regulations that are used as guidelines for development planning are often released late, there is a tendency to be inconsistent with differences in performance indicators, the main ideas of DPRD are not verified, the concern of regional officials in compiling documents Development planning is limited to rhetoric, maximizing big data, optimizing the SIPPD, the results of research and surveys that have been conducted by the Makassar City Regional Research and Development Agency cannot be utilized optimally by the Makassar City Development Planning Agency as analysis material to be considered in development planning. There is a need for development to improve the quality of an electronic-based development planning system so that transparency and speed of completion can be optimized.

Examining the evolution and classification of player position using performance indicators in the National Rugby League during the 2015–2019 seasons

ObjectivesThis study aimed to: 1) examine recent seasonal changes in performance indicators for different National Rugby League (NRL) playing positions; and 2) determine the accuracy of performance indicators to classify and discriminate positional groups in the NRL. DesignRetrospective, longitudinal analysis of individual performance metrics. Methods48 performance indicators (e.g. passes, tackles) from all NRL games during the 2015–2019 seasons were collated for each player´s match-related performance. The following analyses were conducted with all data: (i) one-way ANOVA to identify seasonal changes in performance indicators; (ii) principal component analysis (PCA) to group performance indicators into factors; (iii) two-step cluster analysis to classify playing positions using the identified factors; and (iv) discriminant analysis to discriminate the identified playing positions. ResultsANOVA showed significant differences in performance indicators across seasons (F=2.3–687.7; p=0–0.05; partial η2=0.00–0.075). PCA pooled all performance indicators and identified 14 factors that were included in the two-step cluster analysis (average silhouette=0.5) that identified six positional groups: forwards, 26.7%, adjustables, 17.2%, interchange, 23.2%, backs, 20.9%, interchange forwards, 5.5% and utility backs, 6.5%. Lastly, discriminant analysis revealed five discriminant functions that differentiated playing positions. ConclusionsResults indicated that player’s performance demands across different playing positions did significantly change over recent seasons (2015–2019). Cluster analysis yielded a high-level of accuracy relative to playing position, identifying six clusters that best discriminated positional groups. Unsupervised analytical approaches may provide sports scientists and coaches with meaningful tools to evaluate player performance and future positional suitability in RL.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ВНЕДРЕНИЯ СТАНДАРТА ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ АМБУЛАТОРНОЙ ПОМОЩИ НА ТЕРРИТОРИИ ТОМСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Significance. Within the territory of the Tomsk region, experience of medical organizations in applying lean manufacturing technologies to improve individual processes of outpatient care delivery was summarized and presented in the format of a unified document - Standard for organizing outpatient care in the Tomsk region, which regulated common approaches towards polyclinic work organization. The purpose of the study is to evaluate effectiveness of implementing the Standard for organizing outpatient care in the Tomsk region. Methods. The Standard included 14 sections regulating activities of structural divisions of polyclinics and individual aspects of the work organization of medical organizations. To assess effectiveness of the Standard's activities, a list of indicators has been developed and monitored on a monthly basis. To implement the project, each polyclinic has developed a detailed tactical implementation plan with a deep decomposition of activities, specifying deadlines and responsible persons. Results. Plans’ analysis after the first four weeks of the Standard's implementation failed to show any statistically significant results. However, starting from the second month of the implementation, significant differences in performance indicators were found in polyclinics with different levels of implementation. Decrease in the number of complaints about organization and quality of medical services is associated with introduction of the Standard’s sections, including organization of call centers, introduction of the 5s system at workplace, use of aid chains by employees, as well as changes in approaches to routing patients (booking an appointment for consultation and follow-up appointments during initial appointment, activities of offices of routine care organization, etc.). In addition, the number of complaints from citizens was significantly lower in polyclinics that optimized the work of treatment rooms, implemented the system of patient’ evaluation of the polyclinic and improved navigation. Conclusion. The systematic application of lean manufacturing technologies to optimize activities of polyclinics can increase efficiency of their functioning. However, improvement of certain parameters that characterize effectiveness of medical organizations turned out to reversible, which is of interest from the point of view of the development of measures aimed at increasing lifespan of the effect of the implemented changes. Scope of application. The study results can be useful by managers of medical organizations when implementing a lean manufacturing system and by regional authorities in the field of public health when coordinating such projects.

Differences in Performance Indicators between successful and unsuccessful Teams in UEFA-EURO 2012

Differences in Performance Indicators between successful and unsuccessful Teams in UEFA-EURO 2012

Comparison of scoring profile and game related statistics of the two finalist during the different stages of the 2011 Rugby World Cup

The purpose of this study was compare the scoring profile and game related statistics of the two finalist during the different stages of the 2011 Rugby World Cup. The design of the study was descriptive and observational. The video recordings of all games that involved New Zealand and France during RWC 2011 (n=12 matches) were used and analyzed. The data were collected from the official web page of RWC (www.rugbyworldcup2011.com) and from the Rugbystats webpage (http://www.rugbystats.com.au). Results from game related statistics between New Zealand and France in RWC 2011, revealed different measures of performance for both teams. The main findings of the study show that New Zealand points mostly came from tries and France scored their points from penalty kick indicating the difference in approach by the two teams. The study revealed significant differences in performance indicators when comparing New Zealand and France rugby teams.

Determinants of success in English domestic Twenty20 cricket

The purpose of this study was to investigate the determinants of success in English domestic Twenty20 cricket. 29 innings for winning teams and 30 innings for losing teams were analysed from the 2010 English domestic Twenty20 competition. Magnitude-based inferences, reported as effect sizes (ES), were used to characterise differences in performance indicators between winning and losing teams. The top 5 indicators of success were losing less wickets in the powerplay overs (ES = -1), losing less wickets between overs 7-10 (ES = -1), 50+ run partnerships (ES = 1), individual batsmen contributing 75+ runs (ES = 1) and 50-74 runs (ES = 1). In addition, winning teams scored a higher percentage of total runs to long-off (ES =0.4) and the off-side (ES = 0.2), and bowled a higher percentage of deliveries at a yorker (ES = 0.4) and short length (ES = 0.58) than losing teams. Collectively, these findings highlight that teams should retain wickets in the first 10 overs of an innings, without necessarily maximising the number of runs scored. In the final 10 overs, teams should outscore the opposition by hitting boundary 4s and avoid scoring a high percentage of runs from 1s. Moreover, from a bowling perspective, a more balanced strategy with regards to bowling length appears to be advantageous, as evidenced by the greater usage of short and yorker length deliveries by winning teams.

Relationships between rugby sevens performance indicators and international tournament outcomes

Objectives: Identifying performance indicators related to rugby sevens competition outcomes will inform development of team tactics that increase the likelihood of success. This study characterized 16 team performance indicators and quantified the effect of changes and differences in performance indicators within and between teams on team ranking in international tournaments.

Effect of interprofessional student‐led beds on emergency department performance indicators

The study aims to compare ED performance indicators between patients managed by students in an inter-professional learning (IPL) programme and comparable patients receiving usual ED care. An IPL programme ran for five separate 2 week periods during 2012. Four student-led beds were managed by four final year students (two medical, two nursing). Four control beds were matched for patient acuity. Data were gathered electronically from the ED information system. Comparisons of baseline characteristics and a range of ED performance indicators were made between patients managed in the student-led and control beds. Patient satisfaction with student care was surveyed. Characteristics of the 369 study and 365 control patients were similar. Median times to being seen by a nurse and a doctor were not significantly different between student-led and control beds, at 50 (19-103) versus 45 (20-93) min, and 84 (28-162) versus 91 (41-165) min, respectively. Median time to inpatient referral for admitted patients was significantly longer in student-led compared with control beds, being 142 (65-249) versus 101.5 (48-200) min, respectively. Median lengths of stay were similar between the student-led and control groups, being 263 (201-343) versus 303.5 (204-384) min for discharged patients, and 866 (571-1238) versus 745.5 (487-1168) min for inpatient ward admissions. Patients reported high levels of satisfaction with student care. There was little difference in performance indicators between patients managed by student teams as part of an IPL programme and a similar group receiving usual ED care.

Analysing current trends in care of acute myocardial infarction using PERFECT data

Introduction: This article in the supplement issue on the Performance, Effectiveness, and Costs of Treatment episodes (PERFECT)-project describes the PERFECT AMI (acute myocardial infarction) Database, which is developed to measure the performance of hospitals and hospital districts in Finland. We analyse annual trends and regional differences in performance indicators and whether the utilisation of services and costs of hospital care are related to improvement in survival of AMI patients.Material and methods. The study population consists of ten annual cohorts (1998–2007) of patients hospitalised for AMI.Results. Since 1998 the treatment pattern has changed rather radically, the utilisation rate of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has increased and coronary procedures have been performed earlier after myocardial infarction. Outcome measured by various measures of mortality has improved considerably. However, trends in the development of the use of services and outcomes are not similar between hospital districts. An increase in cost was positively and statistically significantly related to decrease in mortality, but the effect was not very strong.Conclusion. There is potential for decreased mortality from actions that do not increase the costs and for enhancing performance in the regions and hospitals with poor performance.

Differences in performance indicators between winning and losing teams in the UEFA Champions League

Differences in performance indicators between winning and losing teams in the UEFA Champions League The aim of the present study was to identify performance indicators that discriminate winning teams from drawing and losing teams in the UEFA Champions League. All 288 matches played at the group stage in the 2007-2008, 2008-2009, and 2009-2010 seasons were analyzed. The game-related statistics gathered were: total shots, shots on goal, effectiveness, passes, successful passes, crosses, offsides committed and received, corners, ball possession, crosses against, fouls committed and received, corners against, yellow and red cards, venue, and quality of opposition. Data were analyzed performing a one-way ANOVA and a discriminant analysis. The results showed that winning teams had significantly higher average values that were for the following game statistics: total shots (p&lt;0.01), shots on goal (p&lt;0.01), effectiveness (p&lt;0.01), passes (p&lt;0.05), successful passes (p&lt;0.05), and ball possession (p&lt;0.05). Losing teams had significantly higher values in the variable yellow cards (p&lt;0.01), and red cards (p&lt;0.01). Discriminant analysis allowed to conclude the following: the variables that discriminate between winning, drawing and losing teams were the shots on goal, crosses, ball possession, venue and quality of opposition. Coaches and players should be aware of these different profiles in order to increase knowledge about game cognitive and motor solicitation and, therefore, to design and evaluate practices and competitions for soccer peak performance teams in a collective way.

Differences in the Game Specific Skills of Elite and Sub-Elite Youth Football Players: Implications for Talent Identification

The concept of multidimensional talent modelling offers a recent attempt to objectively identify sporting talent in adolescents, of which game specific skill assessment has become a significant dimension. Previous studies have used closed skill testing to assess ‘open’ skills in youth football players, often finding such measures to discriminate between elite and sub-elite groups. The current study used an example performance analysis template to; 1) Identify differences in performance indicators between pre-determined groups of elite and sub-elite performers during an open match environment; 2) Identify differences in performance indicators between positional groups of elite and sub-elite performers at separate levels of competition; 3) Individually identify sub-elite players compared to a normative profile of elite positional counterparts. Results from Mann-Whitney U testing suggested that elite players are significantly higher (p<0.0028) performers within 9 of 18 performance indicators. Comparisons refined by position and round of competition found only one indicator to distinguish between elite and sub-elite players. The use of a normative profiling method demonstrated how sub-elite players may be analysed relative to elite counterparts. Results are discussed in relation to the advantages of performance analysis as a preferred measure of game specific skills in the talent identification process.