Differences In Participation Rates Research Articles

Immersive Virtual Reality Use in Medical Intensive Care: A Mixed-Methods Feasibility Study.

Immersive virtual reality (VR) is a promising therapy to improve the experience of patients with critical illness and may help avoid post-discharge functional impairments. However, determinants of interest and usability may vary locally and reports of uptake in the literature are variable. This mixed-methods, feasibility study aimed to assess the acceptability and potential utility of immersive VR in critically ill patients at a single institution. Adults without delirium who were admitted to one of two intensive care units were offered the opportunity to participate in 5-15 minutes of immersive VR, delivered by VR headset. Patient vital signs, heart-rate variability, mood, and pain were assessed before and after the experience. Pre-post comparisons were performed using paired, two-sided t-tests. A semi-structured interview was administered after the VR experience. Patient descriptions of the experience, issues, and potential uses were summarized with thematic analysis. Of 35 patients who were offered the chance to participate, 20 (57%) agreed to partake in the immersive VR experience, with no difference in participation rate by age. Improvements in overall mood (mean 1.8 points, [95% confidence interval 0.6-3.0], P=.002), anxiety (1.7 points [0.8-2.7], P=.001), and pain (1.3 points [0.5-2.1], P = .003) on 1-10 scales were observed. Mean heart rate changed by -1.1 (-0.3 to -1.9; P = .008) beats/minute (bpm) from a baseline of 86.1 (SD 11.8) bpm, and heart rate variability changed by -5.0 (-1.5 to -8.5; P = .004) sec-2 from a baseline stress index of 40.0 (SD 23) sec-2. Patients commented on the potential for the therapy to address pain, lessen anxiety, and facilitate calmness. Technical challenges were minimal and there were no adverse effects observed. Patient acceptance of immersive was high in a mostly medical intensive care population with little prior virtual reality experience. Patients commented on its potential to ameliorate cognitive and emotional symptoms. . Investigators can consider integrating minimally modified commercial VR headsets into ICU existing workflow to assess VR's efficacy for a variety of endpoints.

Trouble with the curve: the 90-9-1 rule to measure volitional participation inequalities among Royal Canadian Mounted Police cadets during training.

The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Study includes longitudinal multimodal assessments of RCMP cadets from pre-training (i.e., starting the Cadet Training Program [CTP]) to post-deployment and for five years thereafter. The data allow for investigating the multidimensionality of volitional participation in digital health data collection frameworks within serial data collection platforms and the impact of participation inequalities by classifying cadets using the 90-9-1 rule. By classifying cadets as Lurkers, Contributors, and Superusers formally described by the 90-9-1 rule, where 90% of actors do not participate, 9% seldom contribute, and 1% contribute substantially allows for the assessing of relationships between participation inequalities in self-monitoring behaviors as well as whether mental health disorder symptoms at pre-training (i.e., starting the CTP) were associated with subsequent participation. Participants were asked to complete a Full Assessment prior to their training at CTP, as well as short daily surveys throughout their training. Participation frequency was described using a process where participants were rank ordered by the number of daily surveys completed and classified into one of three categories. Full assessment surveys completed prior to their training at CTP included screening tools for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), major depressive disorder (MDD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and panic disorder (PD). The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to assess differences in participation rates between mental health disorder symptom screening groups for each measure at pre-training, and Spearman's Rho was used to test for associations amongst self-reported Full Assessment screening tool responses and the number of daily surveys completed during CTP. There were 18557 daily survey records collected from 772 participants. The rank-ordering of cadets by the number of daily surveys completed produced three categories in line with the 90-9-1 rule: Superusers who were the top 1% of cadets (n=8) and produced 6.4% of all recordings; Contributors who were the next 9% of cadets (n=68) and produced 49.2% of the recordings; and Lurkers who were the next 90% of cadets (n=695) and produced 44.4% of daily survey recordings. Lurkers had the largest proportion of positive screens for self-reported mental health disorders at pre-training. The creation of highly individualized, population-based mental health injury programs has been limited by an incomplete understanding of the causal relationships between protective factors and mental health. Disproportionate rates of disengagement from persons who screen positive for mental health disorders further compounds the difficulty in understanding the relationships between training programs and mental health. The current results suggest persons with mental health challenges may be less likely to engage in some forms of proactive mental health training. The current results also provide useful information about participation, adherence, and engagement that can be used to inform evidence-based paradigm shifts in health-related data collection in occupational populations.

Strategies to increase survey participation: A randomized controlled study in a population of breast cancer survivors

BackgroundData collection by mailing questionnaires to the study population is one of the main research methods in epidemiologic studies. As participation rates are decreasing, easy-to-implement and cost-effective strategies to increase survey participation are needed. In this study, we tested the effect of a pragmatic combination of evidence-based interventions. MethodsWe conducted a two-armed randomized controlled trial, nested in a cohort of breast cancer survivors (n = 1000) in the setting of a health outcomes survey. The intervention arm received a postal pre-notification, a non-monetary incentive (ballpoint with the study logo) and an alternative invitation letter in which several lay-out and textual adjustments were implemented according to behavioural science techniques. The alternative invitation letter also contained a QR-code through which an information video about the study could be accessed. The control arm was invited according to standard practice. Participants had the option to fill-out a questionnaire either on paper or online. A questionnaire with more than 50% of the questions answered classified as participation. ResultsOverall participation rate was 62.9%. No significant difference in participation rate was observed between intervention and control arm (64.5% vs 61.3%, Risk Ratio (RR) 1.05, 95% CI [0.96 – 1.16]). Older age at study (>65 vs <51 years), and high socio-economic status (highest vs lowest quartile) were associated with higher participation rates (RR 1.30, 95% CI [1.07 – 1.57] and 1.24, 95% CI [1.09 – 1.42] respectively). In-situ carcinoma compared to invasive cancer and longer interval since treatment were associated with lower participation (RR 0.86, 95% CI [0.74 – 0.99] and RR 0.92, 95% CI [0.87 – 0.99] per 5 year increase, respectively). ConclusionOverall, the combination of four interventions tested in this study did not improve survey participation among breast cancer survivors. The overall participation rate was relatively high, possibly due to the study population of cancer survivors.

Continuing Vocational Training in Enterprises

This article presents a comparative analysis of Continuing Vocational Training (CVT) in companies in the Czech Republic and Hungary based on selected indicators from the European Union's CVT survey. The study examines the participation of employees, the time dedicated to training, and the primary targeted skills of CVT courses. The results highlight significant differences in participation rates and focus on specific skills between the two countries, with a higher percentage of employee participation in training in the Czech Republic and a particular focus on IT skills in Hungary. The findings suggest that CVT plays a crucial role in enhancing employee skills and organizational competitiveness, highlighting the need to explore further the reasons behind these differences between countries and their impact on policy and practice in vocational education. The study also emphasizes the importance of adapting CVT programs to the rapidly changing labor market and the employer's need to effectively respond to new challenges in skills and competencies.

ABLE account use among supplemental security income recipients

BACKGROUND: The Stephen Beck Jr. Achieving a Better Life Experience Act of 2014 (ABLE Act) authorized state-administered tax-preferred savings programs for individuals with a disability called ABLE accounts. OBJECTIVE: Examine ABLE account participation rates and amounts held by Supplemental Security Income (SSI) recipients who are eligible for ABLE accounts and use the findings to identify methods to improve ABLE account participation. METHODS: Descriptive analysis using Social Security program data on the population of SSI recipients eligible for ABLE accounts to quantify: the prevalence of ABLE account use; participation rates among those eligible for ABLE accounts by demographic and socio-economic characteristics, state of residence, and state-level tax incentives; and amounts accumulated in ABLE accounts. RESULTS: As of December 2021, 36,610 SSI recipients owned ABLE accounts with a median value of $3,222, and the participation rate is 1.1 percent among SSI recipients whose disability occurred before age 26. We document substantial differences in participation rates by demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, across states, and by the availability of state-level tax incentives. CONCLUSION: ABLE account use among SSI recipients is relatively low. Differences in participation rates indicate that evidence-based methods to increase participation can improve savings and economic well-being.

Spatial variability in socio-demographic factors affecting participation in the Australian national bowel cancer screening program

ObjectivesThe objective of this paper is to analyse the socio-demographic and spatial patterns associated with bowel cancer screening in Australia. Despite the importance of screening in reducing mortality via early intervention, it remains the case that overall screening rates are uneven between different socio-demographic groups and geographic regions. Notwithstanding this, there is limited knowledge in Australia regarding the interplay between socio-demographics and geography in relation to bowel cancer screening. Thus, this paper explores the socio-demographic and spatial patterns of screening participation across Australian regions to better inform public health policy and programs. Study designThis is a nationwide ecological study based on aggregate spatial data. MethodsAn ecological study is conducted using bowel cancer screening rates and selected socio-demographic data measured at the Statistical Area 3 level. Geographically weighted regression software is used to conduct global and spatial regression analysis. ResultsThe global regression results show that higher rates of screening participation were associated with employment/education disengagement and volunteering while in contrast, lower rates of participation were associated with higher rates of indigenous populations, people with chronic health conditions, and people with poor English skills. Considering the spatial analysis, the analysis shows that once the spatial non-stationarity in the data is considered the influence of the variables shown to be significant in the global model, has significant spatial variability. ConclusionFrom a public health perspective, addressing shortfalls in bowel cancer screening participation is an important priority. In order to understand differences in participation rates it is important to consider both socio-demographic factors as well as the geographic or spatial distribution of these factors.

Who calls for help? Assessing the reach of the Ohio preschool expulsion prevention partnership

Early childhood expulsions are a systemic issue in early care and education (ECE) that have negative consequences for children, families, ECE programs, and communities. The Ohio Preschool Expulsion Prevention Partnership (OPEPP) represents one state's attempt to reduce the incidence of early childhood expulsions using infant and early mental health consultation distributed statewide in a hub-and-spoke arrangement. The study merges records from the first four years of OPEPP implementation (N = 569 expulsion prevention referrals) with child care licensing data (N = 3408 ECE programs) and data from the American Community Survey to assess OPEPP's reach in both the hub and spoke regions and identify what program and community characteristics were associated with OPEPP uptake. We found that 16.7 % of center-based ECE programs operating in Ohio between April 2016 and December 2019 participated in OPEPP, but distribution of referrals was uneven, with 36 % of ECE programs in the hub participating but just 10 % of programs outside of the hub doing so. ECE programs with higher quality ratings had greater odds of participating in OPEPP, as did ECE programs outside of the hub area that accepted publicly funded child care reimbursements. The differences in participation rates and predictors of participation between the hub and spoke regions suggest a need to explore how the hub-and-spoke arrangement of OPEPP may need to be adjusted to reach ECE programs outside of the hub region more effectively and have implications for other large-scale early childhood expulsion prevention efforts.

LABOR SUPPLY IN THE EXTENDED HOUSEHOLD: ECONOMIES OF SCALE, SELF‐SELECTION, AND THE INTRAHOUSEHOLD DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES IN SOUTH AFRICA

AbstractThis article studies labor supply in the extended household (composed of two families living together). The extended household structure affects the incentives to work of household members for at least three reasons: economies of scale, cash transfers between the families living in the extended household, and easier childcare arrangements. We develop a structural model incorporating these components and taking into account the self‐selection process into extended households. We then estimate this model with South African data and provide an explanation for the differences in participation rates between nuclear and extended households.

Participation in extracurricular leisure activities among primary school pupils: Effects of ethnic-cultural background, gender and school diversity

Participation in sports and other leisure activities can be an effective tool to enhance feelings of societal belongingness and inclusion among minority group members. Through a survey administered to 8,444 pupils, the present study compared minority pupils’ (Middle Eastern and Eastern European youth) and majority pupils’ involvement in a broad array of sport activities, other (non-sports) extracurricular leisure activities, and youth organizations. Corroborating previous research, our study revealed lower participation rates for minority (compared to majority) pupils for all categories of leisure activities under study. For sport activities, this gap was particularly pronounced for female (compared to male) pupils. Furthermore, school diversity had an invariable negative effect on participation rates in all activity categories. A noteworthy finding was that the difference in participation between majority and ethnic-cultural minority groups were sports dependent. We also obtained definite differences in participation rates between the Middle Eastern and Eastern European groups.

Race/Ethnicity Predicts School Meal Participation.

School meals have demonstrated positive effects on dietary habits of children and adolescents, yet opportunities to increase participation exist. Little is known about how participation differs by race/ethnicity or by acculturation levels, thus this study aims to identify acculturation and race/ethnicity on school meal participation of middle school students. A national convenience sample of adolescents (n=617) was recruited to participate in a survey about acculturation and obesogenic behaviors through a Qualtrics panel. Data were analyzed in SAS version 9.4 where 2 logistic regression models were built to examine associations between school meal participation and other salient variables. More than a quarter (26.2%) of participants indicated they eat school lunch daily and 17.4% eat school breakfast daily. In a multivariable model, race/ethnicity, preference for school meals, taste, convenience, cost, and parent influence were all significantly related to daily school lunch participation. Race/ethnicity, time lived outside of the United States, healthiness of school meals, preference of school meals, taste, and cost were significantly related to daily school breakfast participation. This study establishes differences in participation rates by race/ethnicities and other factors. Child nutrition professionals should consider students from minoritized populations to understand their lack of participation, particularly because these students likely have poorer diets compared to whites. Additional factors should be considered for increasing participation, including cost, taste, and perceived healthiness.

HPV self-sampling as an additional option in cervical cancer screening: a pilot study in Estonia

Abstract Background Cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates remain high in Estonia and participation in organized cervical cancer screening program is low. The aim of this pilot study was to estimate the impact of offering an HPV self-sampling option on screening uptake. Methods A randomized intervention study was conducted within Estonian organized cervical cancer screening program in 2021. Among target group women who had not participated in screening by August 2021, 26,000 women were randomly selected and allocated to two equally sized intervention arms offering a choice between attending a clinic or taking a self-sample. The opt-out group received a Qvintip sampler by regular mail to home address, the opt-in group received by e-mail a link to order the sampler from a web-site. A control group of 32,000 women received the usual reminder to attend screening at a clinic. Participation rates were calculated and data on user experience were collected with a questionnaire. Results Significant difference in participation rates was observed between opt-out (41%) (among them 20% chose self-sampling, 21% chose clinic attendance), opt-in (34%) (8% self-sampling, 26% clinic) and control group (28%). Intervention arms showed higher screening uptake in all age-groups and regions, but the largest effect was seen at ages 60 and 65 years and in regions showing the lowest screening participation rates. Among self-sampling users, 99% agreed that self-sampling was easy and only 3% prefer testing at a clinic. Conclusions Offering women a choice between HPV self-sampling or attending a clinic significantly increased cervical cancer screening uptake. Sending an HPV self-sampling kit to home address was the most effective approach. Majority of women who chose HPV self-sampling want to use this option in the future. HPV self-sampling should be integrated in the cervical cancer screening program in Estonia. Key messages

Three birds with one stone: a protocol for a randomised intervention study to increase participation in cervical and colorectal cancer screening among women attending breast cancer screening

IntroductionThe participation rate is higher in breast cancer screening than in cervical cancer (CCU) and colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. In this cluster-randomised study, we aim to evaluate an intervention offering...

A gender-sensitive analysis of the feasibility and benefit of a psychological intervention for patients with advanced cancer

Background: The role of gender in psychotherapy has been widely recognized but infrequently investigated in psychotherapy trials. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial of Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM), a supportive-expressive intervention for individuals with advanced cancer, to examine gender effects in the feasibility, acceptability, perceived benefit, and effectiveness of CALM. Methods: Trial participants, outpatients with advanced cancer (N = 305, 40% men and 60% women), completed measures at baseline, 3 months (t1), and 6 months (t2). We investigated gender differences in participation rates, attrition rates, number of CALM sessions received, and perceived benefit of CALM. Separate subgroup analyses of data and gender × treatment group moderator analyses from men and women were compared in examining treatment effects on depressive symptoms, end-of-life preparation, and death anxiety at each follow-up period. Results: No gender differences were observed in participation or attrition rates, number of CALM sessions received, or perceived benefit of CALM. In subgroup analyses at t2, men in CALM reported significantly lower depressive symptoms than men in usual care (UC; P = .017), women in CALM with moderate baseline death anxiety reported lower death anxiety than women in UC (P = .009), and both men (P = .022) and women (P = .016) in CALM reported greater end-of-life preparation than those in UC. There were no significant gender × treatment group interaction effects on any outcome. Conclusions: CALM therapy is feasible, acceptable, and beneficial on different outcomes for men and women. Further clinical trials with comprehensive measures of gender identity are needed to evaluate gender effects in psychotherapeutic interventions for patients with advanced disease.

Special issue "The advance of solid tumor research in China": Participants with a family history of cancer have a higher participation rate in low-dose computed tomography for lung cancer screening.

We aimed to determine participation in low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) of individuals with a family history of common cancers in a population-based screening program to provide timely evidence in high-risk populations in China. The analysis was conducted using data from the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China (CanSPUC), which recruited 282 377 participants aged 40 to 74 years from eight cities in the Henan province. Using the CanSPUC risk score system, 55 428 participants were evaluated to have high risk for lung cancer and were recommended for LDCT. We calculated the overall and group-specific participation rates using family history of common cancers and compared differences in participation rates between different groups. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were derived by multivariable logistic regression. Of the 55 428 participants, 22 260 underwent LDCT (participation rate, 40.16%). Family history of lung, esophageal, stomach, liver and colorectal cancer was associated with increased participation in LDCT screening. The odds of participants with a family history of one, two, three and four or more cancer cases undergoing LDCT screening were 1.9, 2.7, 2.8 and 3.5 times, respectively, than those without a family history of cancer. Compared to those without a history of cancer, participation in LDCT gradually increased as the number of cancer cases in the family increased (P< .001). Our findings suggest that there is room for improvement in lung cancer screening given the relatively low participation rate. Lung cancer screening in populations with a family history of cancer may improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness; however, this requires further verification.

P61.06 Participants With Family History of Cancer Have a Higher Participation Rate of Low-Dose Computed Tomography for Lung Cancer Screening

Family history of cancer is an important risk factor for lung cancer. Studies have shown that it may also affect the willingness to lung cancer screening. To describe the low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) participation rate with a history of common cancers in a population-based screening program. The analysis was conducted in the context of the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China, which recruited 282,377 eligible participants aged 40-74 years from 8 cities in Henan province from 2013 to 2019. A total of 55,428 participants were evaluated to be high-risk for lung cancer by an established risk score system and were subsequently recommended for LDCT. In this study, we calculated the overall and group-specific participation rates by a family history of common cancers, as well as compared the differences in participation rates between different groups. Obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs derived by multiple logistic regression model. Of 55,428 with high-risk for lung cancer, 22,260 subjects undertook LDCT (participation rate of 40.16%). We found that a family history of lung cancer, esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, liver cancer, and colorectal cancer were associated with increased participation in LDCT screening. The odds of participants with a family history of one cancer, two cancers, three cancers, and four or more cancers undertaking LDCT screening were 0.9-fold, 1.7-fold, 1.8-fold, and 2.5-fold higher than participants with no family history of cancer (OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.80-1.96; OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 2.51-2.79; OR: 2.83, 95% CI: 2.64-3.04; OR: 3.46, 95% CI: 3.15-3.79), respectively. Compared with those without a history of cancer, as the number of cancer family history increases, compliance gradually increases (P<0.001). There was room for improvement regarding lung cancer screening yield given the relatively low participation rate. Lung cancer screening in populations with a family history of cancer may be a choice.

Fair algorithms for selecting citizens\u2019 assemblies

Globally, there has been a recent surge in ‘citizens’ assemblies’1, which are a form of civic participation in which a panel of randomly selected constituents contributes to questions of policy. The random process for selecting this panel should satisfy two properties. First, it must produce a panel that is representative of the population. Second, in the spirit of democratic equality, individuals would ideally be selected to serve on this panel with equal probability2,3. However, in practice these desiderata are in tension owing to differential participation rates across subpopulations4,5. Here we apply ideas from fair division to develop selection algorithms that satisfy the two desiderata simultaneously to the greatest possible extent: our selection algorithms choose representative panels while selecting individuals with probabilities as close to equal as mathematically possible, for many metrics of ‘closeness to equality’. Our implementation of one such algorithm has already been used to select more than 40 citizens’ assemblies around the world. As we demonstrate using data from ten citizens’ assemblies, adopting our algorithm over a benchmark representing the previous state of the art leads to substantially fairer selection probabilities. By contributing a fairer, more principled and deployable algorithm, our work puts the practice of sortition on firmer foundations. Moreover, our work establishes citizens’ assemblies as a domain in which insights from the field of fair division can lead to high-impact applications.

Rural-urban differences in uptake of diabetes self-management education among Medicare beneficiaries: Results from the 2016 to 2018 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey.

To assess rural-urban differences in participation rates of diabetes self-management education and associated factors among Medicare beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Data were from the 2016 to 2018 Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS). Participation in diabetes self-management education was self-reported. The study sample included 3,799 beneficiaries aged 65 years and older with self-reported T2DM. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of participation in diabetes self-management education and residential location. Sampling weights embedded in the MCBS were incorporated into all analyses. Overall, the participation rate of diabetes self-management education was 46.8% (95% CI: 44.4%-49.2%). The rate was 40.3% for beneficiaries in rural areas, 48.0% for suburban areas, and 47.3% for urban areas. About 31% of beneficiaries newly diagnosed with diabetes did not participate within the past year. Controlling for other covariates, beneficiaries in rural areas were less likely to have participated in diabetes self-management education (AOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55-0.95) than those living in urban areas. Asian Americans were less likely to have participated (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.28-0.84) than Whites. Those who were older, with lower education, and lower income levels were less likely to have participated (P < .05). Recent MCBS data indicate that more than half of Medicare beneficiaries with T2DM did not participate in diabetes self-management education, and the participation rate in rural areas was 7 percentage points lower than that ​in urban areas. The study findings highlight challenges to maximize the benefits of participating in diabetes self-management education, particularly in rural areas.

To measure or not to measure?An empirical investigation of social impact measurement in UK social enterprises

ABSTRACT Social enterprises (SE) – organizations with a dual mission to generate economic and social value – have become important players in the delivery of public services in the UK and elsewhere. While public sector value-for-money imperatives encourages these hybrid organizations to provide estimates of their social and economic impact, relatively little is known about who does so. Using institutional perspectives and large-sample data produced by Social Enterprises UK, we empirically document the uptake of social impact measurement in this sector and the extent to which context, the nature of the impact and stakeholders involvement explain differences in participation rates.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities at End of Life Among Persons With Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias

End-of-life (EOL) care for persons with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) is heterogeneous and, often, inconsistent with patients’ priorities. While differences in physician-patient communication or the health care decision-making process likely contribute to disparities in EOL care, little is known about the relationships between race, advance care planning (ACP), and quality of care among persons with ADRD. The aim of this study was to (1) characterize trends in both ACP and EOL treatment intensity in persons with ADRD and (2) test whether racial differences in ACP mediate disparities in EOL care. We analyzed a population-based cohort of older adults with cognitive impairment or dementia who participated in the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) and died between 2000 and 2014 (n = 5,316). While participation in ACP among persons with ADRD increased from 2000 to 2014 (66% to 83%, P < 0.05), models stratified by race showed that differences in participation rates across white and nonwhite persons with ADRD persisted over the sample period. Racial disparities in the location of death, a proxy for the intensity of EOL care, narrowed from 2000 to 2014. However, next-of-kin surrogates of nonwhite persons with ADRD were much more likely to report the decedent received “all care possible…in order to prolong life”. Assignment of a durable power of attorney was found to influence location of death, while both creation of a living will and participation in discussions about EOL care preferences were found to influence the likelihood that decedents received all possible life-prolonging treatments.

Evaluation of a Low-Dose Computed Tomography Lung Cancer Screening Program in Henan, China

Lung cancer screening has been widely implemented in Europe and the US. However, there is little evidence on participation and diagnostic yields in population-based lung cancer screening in China. To assess the participation rate and detection rate of lung cancer in a population-based screening program and the factors associated with participation. This cross-sectional study used data from the Cancer Screening Program in Urban China from October 2013 to October 2019, with follow-up until March 10, 2020. The program is conducted at centers in 8 cities in Henan Province, China. Eligible participants were aged 40 to 74 and were evaluated for a high risk for lung cancer using an established risk score system. Overall and group-specific participation rates by common factors, such as age, sex, and educational level, were calculated. Differences in participation rates between those groups were compared. The diagnostic yield of both screening and nonscreening groups was calculated. The study recruited 282 377 eligible participants and included 55 428 with high risk for lung cancer; the mean (SD) age was 55.3 (8.1) years, and 34 966 participants (63.1%) were men. A total of 22 260 participants underwent LDCT (participation rate, 40.16%; 95% CI, 39.82%-40.50%). The multivariable logistic regression model showed that female sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.64; 95% CI, 1.52-1.78), former smoking (OR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.13-1.41), lack of physical activity (OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.14-1.24), family history of lung cancer (OR, 1.73; 95% CI, 1.66-1.79), and 7 other factors were associated with increased participation of LDCT screening. Overall, at 6-year follow-up, 78 participants in the screening group (0.35%; 95% CI, 0.29%-0.42%) and 125 in the nonscreening group (0.38%; 95% CI, 0.33%-0.44%) had lung cancer detected, which resulted in an odds ratio of 0.93 (95% CI, 0.70-1.23; P = .61). The low participations rate in the program studied suggests that an improved strategy is needed. These findings may provide useful information for designing effective population-based lung cancer screening strategies in the future.