Differences In Oral Microbiota Research Articles

Oral hygiene changes & compliance with telemonitoring device in individuals with intellectual/developmental disabilities: a randomized controlled crossover trial.

Advances in mobile technology are helping with health management practices, and smart toothbrushes provide proper dental care by collecting and analyzing users' toothbrushing data. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of a telemonitoring device on oral hygiene management in individuals with intellectual or developmental disabilities and its role in promoting oral health. Participants were split into two groups: one initially using the telemonitoring device (telemonitoring device/manual toothbrush) and the other using it later (manual toothbrush/telemonitoring device), with a one-month washout period. The study compared plaque index, halitosis, changes in oral microbiota, and guardian questionnaire responses between the groups. In period 1, the QHI index score significantly decreased from 1.93 to 0.83 in the group using the remote monitoring device, compared to an increase from 1.75 to 2.01 in the manual toothbrush group. Additionally, toothbrushing frequency, time, and cooperation increased by 0.82 ± 0.60, 0.82 ± 1.16, and 1.09 ± 0.94, respectively, with initial telemonitoring device use. However, these measures decreased by -1.45 ± 0.68, -1.09 ± 0.70, and - 1.00 ± 1.00 after switching to a manual toothbrush, and decreased by -0.64 ± 0.67, -0.27 ± 1.19, and 0.09 ± 0.94 overall, respectively. However, there were no significant differences in oral microbiota between the groups at these different time points. The study shows that telemonitoring devices effectively reduce plaque index and improve toothbrushing frequency, time, and cooperation. However, these benefits decrease after switching to a manual toothbrush. Follow-up is needed to assess satisfaction and compliance with telemonitoring device use. Using telemonitoring devices in the oral health management of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities can improve their oral health quality.

Characteristics of Oral Microbiota in Patients with Esophageal Cancer in China.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with intestinal carcinogenesis, but the oral microbiota of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who live in high-risk regions in China has not been fully characterized. In the current study, oral microbial diversity was investigated in 33 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and 35 healthy controls in Chongqing, China, by sequencing 16S rRNA of V3-V4 gene regions. There were statistically significant differences in oral microbiota between esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and controls as determined via unweighted pair-group analysis with arithmetic means. At the phylum level, in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients, there were comparatively greater amounts of Firmicutes (34.0% vs. 31.1%) and Bacteroidetes (25.3% vs. 24.9%) and lower amounts of Proteobacteria (17.0% vs. 20.1%). At the genus level, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients exhibited comparatively greater amounts of Streptococcus (17.3% vs. 14.5%) and Prevotella_7 (8.6% vs. 8.5%) and lower amounts of Neisseria (8.1% vs. 10.7%). Using a linear discriminant analysis effect size method, Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia were identified in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group. 10 genera were higher abundances identified in the healthy control group, and different 10 genera were identified in the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma group. In the present study, there were significant differences in oral microbial compositions of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and healthy controls. Further longitudinal and mechanistic studies are needed to further characterize relationships between oral microbiota and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

Dental, oral pH, orthodontic and salivary values in children with obstructive sleep apnea

Mouth breathing is a key feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The current study evaluated dental, salivary and orthodontic characteristics of children with OSA, and compared them to those of children without OSA. Twenty-two children (mean age 5.3years, 13 males) with OSA and 21 children without OSA who served as a control group (mean age 6.8years, 11 males) underwent dental examinations. The OSA group was classified according to the apnea-hypopnea Index. Clinical examination included plaque index, gingival index, caries status, pH at 7 oral sites, salivary carries bacterial counts and inflammatory cytokine levels. Orthodontics measurements were calculated as the percentage of children with values in the normal range, in each group. The mean values of the decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT)/dmft index, the gingival index and the plaque index were higher in the OSA than the control group. Salivary Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts were significantly higher in the OSA than the control group; as were pH values in the hard and soft palate, and in the posterior and middle tongue. Significantly lower values were observed in the OSA than the control group for most of the orthodontic variables examined. Similarly, stratification of AHI according to severity shows the lowest values among those with mild OSA, and the highest among those with severe AHI. Compared to a control group, mouth breathing children with obstructive sleep apnea had differences in oral microbiota, greater acidity and poorer dental status. Clinicians should be aware of the various oral disturbances that may accompany OSA, and implement preventive measures.

Dental chews positively shift the oral microbiota of adult dogs

Microbiota plays a prominent role in periodontal disease, but the canine oral microbiota and how dental chews may affect these populations have been poorly studied. We aimed to determine the differences in oral microbiota of adult dogs consuming dental chews compared with control dogs consuming only a diet. Twelve adult female beagle dogs (mean age = 5.31 ± 1.08 yr) were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design consisting of 28-d periods. Treatments (n = 12/group) included: diet only (CT); diet + Bones & Chews Dental Treats (BC; Chewy, Inc., Dania Beach, FL); diet + Dr. Lyon's Grain-Free Dental Treats (DL; Dr. Lyon's, LLC, Dania Beach, FL); and diet + Greenies Dental Treats (GR; Mars Petcare US, Franklin, TN). Each day, one chew was provided 4 h after mealtime. On day 27, breath samples were analyzed for total volatile sulfur compound concentrations using a Halimeter. On day 0 of each period, teeth were cleaned by a veterinary dentist blinded to treatments. Teeth were scored for plaque, calculus, and gingivitis by the same veterinary dentist on day 28 of each period. After scoring, salivary (SAL), subgingival (SUB), and supragingival (SUP) samples were collected for microbiota analysis using Illumina MiSeq. All data were analyzed using SAS (version 9.4) using the Mixed Models procedure, with P < 0.05 considered significant. All dogs consuming chews had lower calculus coverage and thickness, pocket depth and bleeding, plaque thickness, and halitosis compared with CT. In all sites of collection, CT dogs had a higher relative abundance of one or more potentially pathogenic bacteria (Porphyromonas, Anaerovorax, Desulfomicrobium, Tannerella, and Treponema) and lower relative abundance of one or more genera associated with oral health (Neisseria, Corynebacterium, Capnocytophaga, Actinomyces, Lautropia, Bergeyella, and Moraxella) than those fed chews. DL reduced Porphyromonas in SUP and SUB samples. DL and GR reduced Treponema in SUP samples. DL increased Corynebacterium in all sites of collection. BC increased Corynebacterium in SAL samples. DL and GR increased Neisseria in SAL samples. DL increased Actinomyces in the SUB sample. GR increased Actinomyces in SAL samples. Our results suggest that the dental chews tested in this study may aid in reducing periodontal disease risk in dogs by beneficially shifting the microbiota inhabiting plaque and saliva of a dog's oral cavity. These shifts occurred over a short period of time and were correlated with improved oral health scores.

87 President Oral Presentation Pick: Oral Microbiota Populations of Adult Dogs Consuming Dental Chews Demonstrated to Reduce Dental Plaque and Calculus

Abstract Microbiota play a prominent role in canine periodontal disease, but little is known about the oral microbial community of dogs. We aimed to determine the differences in oral microbiota of dogs consuming dental chews demonstrated to improve oral health outcomes. Twelve adult dogs were used in a replicated 4x4 Latin square design consisting of 28-day periods. Control (CT) dogs consumed diet only, with treatment groups receiving one of three dental chews (BC, DL and GR). At baseline, teeth were cleaned. Teeth were scored for plaque, calculus, and gingivitis at the end of each period by a veterinary dentist blinded to treatments. Breath samples were measured for sulfur compounds throughout each period. Plaque [supragingival (SUP) and subgingival (SUB) plaque] and saliva (SAL) samples were collected for microbiota analysis. Total DNA from saliva and plaque samples was extracted, with 16S rDNA V4 region gene amplicons subjected to Illumina sequencing. Data were analyzed using QIIME 2 and SAS. CT dogs had a higher pocket score, breath sulfur concentrations, and plaque and calculus scores compared to those given chews. Bacterial species richness was highest for CT, with unweighted and weighted PCoA plots showed a clustering of CT dogs vs. those given chews. For all sample types, CT dogs had higher relative abundance of potential pathogenic bacteria (Porphyromonas, Tannerella, and Treponema) and lower relative abundance of bacterial genera associated with oral health (Neisseria, Corynebacterium, Bergeyella, and Moraxella) compared to those given chews. DL reduced Porphyromonas in SUP and SUB samples. DL and GR reduced Treponema in SUP samples. DL increased Corynebacterium in all sample types. BC increased Corynebacterium in SAL samples. DL and GR increased Neisseria and Moraxella in SAL samples. Our results suggest that the dental chews tested beneficially shifted oral microbiota populations, which were associated with improvements in plaque and calculus scores.

Gender-associated differences in oral microbiota and salivary biochemical parameters in response to feeding.

Saliva plays a key role in food absorption and digestion mainly due to both its enzymes and microbiota. The main objective of this study was to compare the oral microbiota and salivary parameters between men and women in response to feeding. To answer this question, we set up a pilot study on 10 male and 10 female subjects to examine the role of saliva in glycaemia physiology. Biological parameters and the microbiotal composition of saliva were analyzed in fasted and fed states. The results show that the level of blood glucose was not different between men and women in the fasted state (88.00mg/dL ± 6.38 vs 87.00mg/dL ±8.07, p= 0.9149) or in the fed state (102.44mg/dL ± 14.03 vs 116.9mg/dL ± 25, p= 0.1362). Free fatty acids (FFA 0.15mmol/L ± 0.15 vs 0.07mmol/L ± 0.07, p = 0,0078), cholesterol (0.53mmol/L ± 0.30 vs 0.15mmol/L ± 0.14, p< 0.0001), and total saliva proteins (13.2g/L ± 4.31 vs 9.02g/L ± 6.98, p= 0.0168) were decreased after feeding, as well as the saliva lipase (27.89U/L ± 25.7 vs 12.28U/L ± 4.85, p= 0.0126). A very significant increase in the relative abundance of Streptococcaceae (24.56 ± 9.32 vs 13.53 ± 7.47, p= 0.00055) and a decrease in Prevotellaceae (34.45 ± 9.30 vs 17.43 ± 9.03, p=0.00055) were observed in the fed condition. When investigating gender-related differences in the fasted state, men showed higher levels of cholesterol (0.71mmol/L ± 0.26 vs 0.40mmol/L ± 0.27, p= 0.0329), FFA (0.25mmol/L ± 0.18 vs 0.08mmol/L ± 0.06, p= 0.0049), and triglycerides (0.24mmol/L ±0.15 vs 0.09mmol/L ± 0.04, p= 0.006) than women. Finally, differences could be observed in saliva microbiota between men and women in the fasted condition but even more in the fed condition, where Porphyromonas and Capnocytophaga were overrepresented in the male salivary samples compared with female saliva. Thus, biological parameters and microbiota in saliva could be the signatures of the feeding conditions and sex gender status.

ORAL MICROBIOTA IN XEROSTOMIA PATIENTS-A PRELIMINARY REPORT

Objectives Xerostomia, dry mouth, is a very common symptom caused by many types of medications as well as Sjogren's syndrome. The estimated prevalence ranges from 10% to 50% of general population. Saliva composes of 98% of water and the remaining electrolytes, mucin, antibacterial substances and enzymes, which controls the growth of oral microorganisms and maintains a balanced oral microflora. Oral cavity provides a multivariant environment to habitate over 700 bacteria and fungi. Besides causing caries and periodontitis, many systemic diseases have been correlated to oral microbes, including cancers, HIV, DM and pericarditis. We hypothesized that lacking saliva will alter the composition of oral microbiota. Findings To study the changes of oral microbiota, ten xerostomia patients, who were not in any active treatments, and 4 healthy normal volunteers were recruited. Gingival plaques were collected following the standard protocol. Gingival plaques were collected, placed in PowerBead Tube (Qiagen) and stored in -800C until further analysis. Microbiota were detected using bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA and analyzed based on the levels of Phylum and Class. At phylum level, the mean presence of Bacteroidetes in xerostomia and normal subjects were 16.2±1.0% and 28.3±1.7%, respectively (p=0.03, t-test). Mean presence of Firmicutes phylum in xerostomia and normal subjects were 15.1±1.5% and 3.2±0.8%, respectively (p=0.03, t-test). In addition, mean presence of Firmicutes bacilli class in xerostomia and normal subjects were 6.3±0.7% and 1.1±0.5%, respectively (p=0.05, t-test). Conclusions Significant differences in oral microbiota were observed between xerostomia and normal subjects. More samples are needed to verify the current results and to apply the oral microbiota in the diagnosis of xerostomia.

1555-P: Differences in Oral Microbiota as Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease in Diabetic Subjects

Objective: Periodontal disease, caused by infection with gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, is the biggest risk factor for losing teeth in most westernized countries. Recently, periodontal disease has been regarded as complication of diabetes, since it develops frequently and progress rapidly in diabetic subject. However, although association between diabetes and minimal chronic inflammation induced by periodontal disease has been reported, association between differences in microbiota and periodontal diseases in diabetic subject have not been well examined. Research Design and Methods: Among participants of the population-based Iwaki study of Japanese held in 2016, those with information of oral cavity environment evaluated by the salivary multi-test, and microbiota of saliva samples evaluated using 16S rRNA sequencing were included in the study (n=1078). Diabetes: HbA1c levels ≧6.5% or FBG ≧126 mg/dl; normal glucose tolerance (NGT): HbA1c levels &amp;lt;6.0% or FBG &amp;lt;100 mg/dl. Results: The number of dental caries-causing bacterium was significantly higher (3.15±1.61 vs. 2.61±1.61, p &amp;lt;0.01), and the saliva buffer capacity was significantly lower (71.9±10.8 vs. 77.8±10.4, p &amp;lt;0.01) in diabetic subjects compared to those with NGT. Further, proportion of the phylum Firmicutes was higher (41.3±12.4% vs. 37.2±11.6%, p &amp;lt;0.01), and the phylum Bacteroidetes was significantly lower (18.9±8.5% vs. 20.9±8.3%, p=0.01) in diabetic subjects compared to those with NGT. Conclusions: Abnormal glucose tolerance may change oral microbiota, induce dental caries, and be a risk factor for periodontal disease. We will further examine association between microbiota and diabetes in taxonomic category below phylum, and, also, in consideration with nutrients consumed. Disclosure S. Mizushiri: None. M. Daimon: None. H. Murakami: None. M. Murabayashi: None. Y. Matsuhashi: None. A. Kamba: None.

Human Milk Bacterial and Glycosylation Patterns Differ by Delivery Mode.

Mammals have evolved to nourish their offspring exclusively with maternal milk for around half of the lactation period, a crucial developmental window. In view of oral-breast contact during lactation and the differences in oral microbiota between cesarean section (C-section) and vaginally delivered infants, we expected differences in milk composition by delivery mode. We performed a cross-sectional study of banked human milk and found changes related to time since delivery in bacterial abundance and glycosylation patterns only in milk from women who delivered vaginally. The results warrant further research into the effects of delivery mode on milk microbes, milk glycosylation, and postpartum infant development.

Mode of Delivery and Its Influence on the Acquisition of Streptococcus mutans in Infants

IntroductionDental caries pose distinct challenges when it comes to determining their microbial etymology. Streptococcus mutans play an important role in dental caries. The aim of the present study was to compare oral microbiota in infants delivered by these different routes. A study was conducted on 40 infants. Swab sample collection was done for the detection of S. mutans. Our study indicated no differences in oral microbiota in infants due to mode of delivery.AimTo assess whether infants born through cesarean section delivery or infants born through normal delivery influence the initial acquisition of S. mutans in infants.Settings and designThe study was carried out on the premises of Bharati Hospital, Pune, wherein 40 infants (3-36 months) were enrolled for the study. Two groups were designed.Group I: Infants born with cesarean section deliveryGroup II: Infants born with normal section deliveryMaterials and methodsBacterial swab sampling was done in the participants for the detection of S. mutans. Colony-forming units on each plate were determined for the estimation of S. mutans level in oral cavity.Statistical analysis usedBar diagram analysis and chi-square test were performed to derive p-value.ResultsThe p value derived at the end of the study was 0.52. Hence, analysis of data demonstrates no significant influence of cesarean section delivery and normal delivery on oral microbiota development in infants.ConclusionInitial acquisition of oral S. mutans in infants is not dependent on the mode of delivery.Key MessagesInitial acquisition of S. mutans, Mode of delivery.How to cite this articleUbeja RG, Bhat C. Mode of Delivery and Its Influence on the Acquisition of Streptococcus mutans in Infants. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(4):326-329.

Are selected IL-1 polymorphisms and selected subgingival microorganisms significantly associated to periodontitis in type 2 diabetes patients? a clinical study.

BackgroundWe evaluated the periodontal conditions in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to metabolically healthy controls, and determined whether periodontal interleukin genotypes and microorganisms differed between participants with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.MethodsFrom April 2011 to July 2012, we prospectively enrolled healthy controls and patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Evaluation included assessment of medical and periodontal findings. We also recorded the presence of several interleukin gene variants and specific microorganisms, both available through commercially available diagnostic kits. Statistical significance was tested by the chi-square test and student’s t-test.ResultsWe enrolled 52 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 52 healthy controls. Compared with controls, periodontal disease was significantly more severe in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus for the following: plaque index, bleeding on probing, pocket probing depth, clinical attachment loss, severe periodontal destruction (i.e., clinical attachment loss ≥ 5 mm), and number of teeth. However, statistical analysis failed to detect significant differences with respect to the periodontal-related interleukin genotypes (p ≥ 0.58) or the selected oral microbiota (p ≥ 0.15).ConclusionBased on these results, it may be assumed that chronic periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is most strongly associated with inadequate oral hygiene. Periodontal interleukin genotypes and differences in oral microbiota seem to play a subordinate role.