Differences In Mental Wellbeing Research Articles

Level of Mental Wellbeing among Adolescents with Special Reference to Kess Vocational Training Institute, Thrissur District, Kerala

Mental health is a crucial and positive aspect of an individual's overall well-being. Adolescents represents the most crucial building block of society, embodying both immense significance and vulnerability. The significance of discussing mental health among adolescents is a crucial topic that warrants careful consideration and conversation. Globally, 13% of the burden of disease among individuals aged 10-19 is attributed to mental disorders, with one in seven within this age range experiencing such conditions (WHO, 2021). The repercussions of neglecting adolescent mental health conditions extend into adulthood, compromising both physical and mental well-being while constraining opportunities for individuals to lead fulfilling lives in their adult years. The objectives of the research were 1) To understand the sociodemographic details of the respondents. 2) To assess the level of mental wellbeing of adolescents. Descriptive research design is used for the study and simple random sampling method is used to collect data from 60 respondents, studying in KESS Vocational Training Institute, Thrissur District. The results obtained from the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale indicate a low level of mental wellbeing among the respondents. Significant differences in mental wellbeing were observed across various demographic factors like gender, educational qualification and religion.

Cannabis And College Students: Self-Perceived Mental Health Prior to, During, and After the Pandemic

Introduction: College students demonstrated changes in levels of mental wellbeing as they and the world experienced new levels of stress and anxiety due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As access to healthcare became limited, students turned to alternative methods of coping, which included cannabis use. Objective: To determine if an association between cannabis use and self-perceived mental wellbeing during the pandemic among college students exists. Method: A paired samples t-Test was used to compare self-reported mental wellbeing at different times during the pandemic, a one-way ANOVA to compare self-reported mental health between respondents' cannabis use status, and a Tukey-Kramer post-hoc analysis was used to determine between group significance. All data collected were from participants at a single time point (retrospective self-report during April 2022). Results: Of 103 self-reported college students, the most significant differences in mental wellbeing were reported prior to and during the pandemic. Consistent significant differences were observed between each of the college student groups derived from those students who entirely avoided cannabis use or cessation of use (highest rating), p = .018, as compared to those who initiated cannabis use prior to and during the pandemic (lowest rating) p = .045. Post pandemic mental wellbeing demonstrated a higher level of mental wellbeing among those who had some exposure to cannabis compared to those who avoided cannabis entirely. Conclusions: It cannot be concluded that mental wellbeing was lower due to cannabis use. However, it is possible those with lower self-perceived mental wellbeing turned to cannabis use.

404 Sex differences in mental well-being in children and adults with cystic fibrosis taking elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor

404 Sex differences in mental well-being in children and adults with cystic fibrosis taking elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor

Associations between the use of psychedelics and other recreational drugs with mental health and resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The large-scale disruption to peoples' daily lives during the COVID-19 pandemic provides a context for examining whether use of substances such as psychedelics in a naturalistic (outside of a controlled environment) setting, is associated with better mental wellbeing and resilience relative to those who use other drugs, or who do not use drugs at all. We interrogate data from the Great British Intelligence Test and identify that 7.8% out of N = 30,598 unique respondents used recreational drugs inclusive of psychedelics, cannabis, cocaine, and MDMA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Recruitment materials did not mention drug use would be surveyed, thereby enabling us to model the relationship with mood and resilience in people who had not specifically self-selected themselves for a 'drug' study. We report that people form clusters, characterized by different real-world patterns of drug use, and the majority of psychedelics users also use cannabis. However, a subset of cannabis users do not use psychedelics, enabling a subtractive comparison. Those who primarily used psychedelics and cannabis during the COVID-19 pandemic had worse mood self-assessment and resilience scores compared to those who never used drugs or primarily used cannabis. This pattern was also evident for other recreational drug use clusters, except for those who primarily used MDMA and cannabis, who had better mood but were of too low incidence to have confidence in this estimate. These findings cast light on the significant differences in mental wellbeing between users of different drugs and the non-user population during a global-crisis and call for future research to explore the pharmacological, contextual and cultural variables associated with these differences, their generalisability and causal links with greater precision.

Subjective wellbeing and academic success of first-generation and continuing-generation medical students

Objective: This study was conducted to assess the differences in mental wellbeing and academic satisfaction among first-generation and continuing-generation medical students. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, including 263 clinical-phase 5th- and 6th-year medical students. The study used two validated questionnaires: the College Student Subjective Wellbeing Questionnaire (CSSWQ) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Results: The study had a response rate of 69.8%. Around one third students (34.6%) had parents or siblings who had graduated from medical school. The mean PANAS positive and negative affect scores were 31.4 ± 8 and 23.7 ± 8.2, respectively. Academic efficacy, school connectedness, college gratitude, and the composite measure of college student wellbeing had mean scores of 4.8 ± 1.4, 4.6 ± 1.4, 5.1 ± 1.2, 6.2 ± 0.9, and 5.2 ± 1, respectively. Gender was a significant predictor of the PANAS negative affect score (P = 0.001), academic efficacy (P = 0.04), and school connectedness (P = 0.026). The father's education level significantly influenced academic satisfaction (P = 0.01), school connectedness (P = 0.009), and college student wellbeing composites (P = 0.03). Additionally, having a sister who had graduated from medical school was a significant factor affecting the PANAS score (P = 0.05). Conclusion: Medical students' PANAS and CSSWQ scores might be impacted by their parents' education level in both first and continuing-generation medical students. In continuing-generation medical students, the graduation status of their siblings had a significant impact on their PANAS score.

Impact of Online-Only Instruction on Preclinical Medical Education in the Setting of COVID-19: Comparative Analysis of Online-Only Vs. Hybrid Instructions on Academic Performance and Mental Wellbeing.

IntroductionWith the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, many medical schools were forced to adopt a virtual learning environment. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of online-only instruction compared to online and in-person (hybrid) instruction on educational performance, wellbeing, and course satisfaction.MethodsWe performed a descriptive cross-sectional survey of second-year medical students following a transition to online-only and hybrid instruction. Of the 198 total students, we collected 61 responses (42.6% [N = 26] male, 55.7% [N = 34] female, 1.6% [N = 1] preferred not to specify). 49.2% of the participants were in the online-only group. 50.8% of the participants were in the hybrid group.ResultsThere was a significantly lower mean final grade in the online-only group compared to the hybrid group (p = 0.04293). In contrast, there was no significant difference in measures of wellbeing (p = 0.6858) or course satisfaction (p = 0.9332).ConclusionOur study suggests that hybrid instructional delivery may be more effective than online-only instructional delivery for academic performance. However, there was no significant difference in mental wellbeing between either form of teaching. Students report that mental wellbeing was considerably impacted by factors related to the home environment as well as by unique concerns associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. While the online-only model may have been the safest—and only—option for many medical schools during the COVID-19 pandemic, we advise caution in transitioning to a complete online format without carefully designing the online curriculum to account for the negative impact it may have on student education.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-022-01650-6.

Do the Determinants of Mental Wellbeing Vary by Housing Tenure Status? Secondary Analysis of a 2017 Cross-Sectional Residents Survey in Cornwall, South West England.

Housing is a social determinant of health, comprising multiple interrelated attributes; the current study was developed to examine whether differences in mental wellbeing across housing tenure types might relate to individual, living, or neighbourhood circumstances. To achieve this aim, an exploratory cross-sectional analysis was conducted using secondary data from a county-wide resident survey undertaken by Cornwall Council in 2017. The survey included questions about individual, living, or neighbourhood circumstances, as well as mental wellbeing (Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale). A random sample of 30,152 households in Cornwall were sent the survey, from whom 11,247 valid responses were received (38% response), but only 4085 (13.5%) provided complete data for this study. Stratified stepwise models were estimated to generate hypotheses about inequalities in mental wellbeing related to housing tenure. Health, life satisfaction, and social connectedness were found to be universal determinants of mental wellbeing, whereas issues related to living circumstances (quality of housing, fuel poverty) were only found to be related to wellbeing among residents of privately owned and rented properties. Sense of safety and belonging (neighbourhood circumstances) were also found to be related to wellbeing, which together suggests that whole system place-based home and people/community-centred approaches are needed to reduce inequalities.

Locating and testing the healthy context paradox: examples from the INCLUSIVE trial

BackgroundThe healthy context paradox, originally described with respect to school-level bullying interventions, refers to the generation of differences in mental wellbeing amongst those who continue to experience bullying even after interventions successfully reduce victimisation. Using data from the INCLUSIVE trial of restorative practice in schools, we relate this paradox to the need to theorise potential harms when developing interventions; formulate the healthy context paradox in a more general form defined by mediational relationships and cluster-level interventions; and propose two statistical models for testing the healthy context paradox informed by multilevel mediation methods, with relevance to structural and individual explanations for this paradox.MethodsWe estimated two multilevel mediation models with bullying victimisation as the mediator and mental wellbeing as the outcome: one with a school-level interaction between intervention assignment and the mediator; and one with a random slope component for the student-level mediator-outcome relationship predicted by school-level assignment. We relate each of these models to contextual or individual-level explanations for the healthy context paradox.ResultsNeither model suggested that the INCLUSIVE trial represented an example of the healthy context paradox. However, each model has different interpretations which relate to a multilevel understanding of the healthy context paradox.ConclusionsGreater exploration of intervention harms, especially when those accrue to population subgroups, is an essential step in better understanding how interventions work and for whom. Our proposed tests for the presence of a healthy context paradox provide the analytic tools to better understand how to support development and implementation of interventions that work for all groups in a population.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials, ISRCTN10751359.

The Effect of Curfew on the General Mental Well-Being of the Population in Saudi Arabia After the COVID-19 Outbreak

IntroductionMental well-being is an essential aspect of general health. Assessing mental well-being is crucial to leading a healthy life. The global population is, presumptively, affected at a ratio of one out of four individuals with a mental or neurological disorder. This further emphasized the importance of the financial, social, and health implications that ensue.Methods and materialsData collection was performed using the symptoms checklist-90 (SCL-90) survey between March and April of 2021. The data collected included demographic data as well as nine domains that include some of the most common psychiatric symptoms. The collected questionnaires were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests. Non-parametric tests were utilized, as the SCL-90 dimensions and global index scores follow a non-normal distribution.ResultsThe questionnaire yielded 387 responses. Females comprised the majority of the participants. The most prevalent symptom described as extremely common by females was waking up early in the morning. The most commonly described symptom described as not at all by females was hearing words that others do not hear. There was no statistical difference in mental well-being between males and females. Older participants (>40 years old) had better mental well-being in comparison to their younger counterparts.ConclusionDuring the fallout of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, much attention and resources were allocated toward the physical aspect of the pandemic, yet the psychological implications must not be understated. Multiple variables, such as age, marital status, and unemployment, may impact the mental well-being of the population and must be further assessed.

Mental Well-Being during COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study of Fly-In Fly-Out Workers in the Mining Industry in Australia

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has devastated the world, and its mental health impact has been recognized in the general population. However, little is known about the mental health impact of COVID-19 on fly-in fly-out (FIFO) workers, who are flown to temporarily stay and work in remote areas, during this pandemic. This study examined the mental well-being of FIFO workers in the mining industry during COVID-19 restrictions in Western Australia. An online survey was conducted between May to November 2020 among (N = 842) FIFO workers who underwent COVID-19 screening at a large mining company in Western Australia. The mental well-being score among workers was higher than population norms. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc tests showed significant differences in mental well-being by age, being placed under travel quarantine, undertaking self-isolation, impact of social distance guidelines, and experience of COVID-19 related symptoms. Multiple linear regression analysis showed workers who were younger, placed under travel quarantine and experienced two or more COVID-19 related symptoms were more likely to have worse mental well-being. Acknowledging the negative emotions and distress experiences among the vulnerable groups could help in providing suitable support to help lessen these negative experiences in FIFO workers.

In a Class on Their Own: Investigating the Role of Social Integration in the Association Between Social Class and Mental Well-Being.

It has been established that people from lower social classes tend to have poorer mental well-being compared with people from higher classes. Research also suggests that people from the lower classes are also less socially integrated. This research investigated the role of social integration in the relationship between social class and mental well-being across three studies (Study 1 N = 15,028; Study 2 N = 1,946; Study 3 N = 461). Across all studies, social class had an indirect effect on mental well-being via social integration. Moderation results found that social integration buffers the negative impact of financial issues on mental well-being, social support buffers the effects of class on mental ill-health, and family support amplifies rather than reduces social class differences in mental well-being. We propose that although improving social integration has the potential to improve the mental well-being of lower class populations, some caveats need to be considered.

Measurement invariance of the short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and latent mean differences (SWEMWBS) in young people by current care status

PurposeStudying mental wellbeing requires the use of reliable, valid, and practical assessment tools, such as the Short version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (SWEMWBS). Research on the mental wellbeing of children in care is sparse. The current study aims to: (1) examine the unidimensionality of SWEMWBS; (2) assess measurement invariance of SWEMWBS across children and young people in care compared to their peers not in care; and (3) investigate the latent factor mean differences between care status groups.MethodsWe used data from the 2017 School Health Research Network Student Health and Wellbeing (SHW) survey, completed by 103,971 students in years 7 to 11 from 193 secondary schools in Wales. The final data include a total of 2,795 participants (46% boys), which includes all children in care and a sub-sample of children not in care who completed the SWEMWBS scale fully and answered questions about their living situation.ResultsConfirmatory factor analysis supported the unidimensionality of SWEMWBS. The SWEMWBS is invariant across groups of young people in foster, residential and kinship care compared to children and young people not in care at configural, metric and scalar levels. Findings from latent mean comparisons showed that young people in care reported lower mental wellbeing than their peers, with those in residential care reporting the lowest scores.ConclusionsFindings suggest that SWEMWBS is a valid scale for measuring differences in mental wellbeing for young people in care similar to the population.

A Longitudinal Study of Mental Wellbeing in Students in Aotearoa New Zealand Who Transitioned Into PhD Study.

Journal editorials, career features, and the popular press commonly talk of a graduate student mental health crisis. To date, studies on graduate student mental health have employed cross-sectional designs, limiting any causal conclusions regarding the relationship between entry into graduate study and mental health. Here, we draw on data from a longitudinal study of undergraduate students in Aotearoa New Zealand, allowing us to compare participants who did, and did not, transition into PhD study following the completion of their undergraduate degree. Using multilevel Bayesian regression, we identified a difference in mental wellbeing between those who entered PhD study and those who did not. This difference, however, was largely due to those not entering PhD study displaying an increase in mental wellbeing. Participants that entered PhD study displayed a small decrease in mental wellbeing, with the posterior distribution of the simple effect heavily overlapping zero. This latter finding was orders of magnitude smaller than one might expect based on previous cross-sectional research and provides an important message; that a marked drop in mental health is not an inevitable consequence of entering graduate study.

Religiosity and Mental Wellbeing Among Members of Majority and Minority Religions: Findings From Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study.

It is unclear whether links between religiosity and mental health are found in contexts outside the United States or are causal. We examined differences in mental wellbeing and associations between mental wellbeing and religiosity among the religiously unaffiliated, White and non-White Christians, Muslims of Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and other ethnicities, and other minority ethnoreligious groups. We used 4 waves of Understanding Society: the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009–2013; n = 50,922). We adjusted for potential confounders (including socioeconomic factors and personality) and for household fixed effects to account for household-level unobserved confounding factors. Compared with those with no religious affiliation, Pakistani and Bangladeshi Muslims and members of other minority religions had worse wellbeing (as measured using the Shortened Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale and General Health Questionnaire). Higher subjective importance of religion was associated with lower wellbeing according to the General Health Questionnaire; associations were not found with the Shortened Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale. More frequent religious service attendance was associated with higher wellbeing; effect sizes were larger for those with religious affiliations. These associations were only partially attenuated by adjustment for potential confounding factors, including household fixed effects. Religious service attendance and/or its secular alternatives may have a role in improving population-wide mental wellbeing.

Native language and its connection with mental well-being, emotional state and life satisfaction in a multilingual society

IntroductionEthnolinguistic diversity provides the opportunity to study the relation between the native language, the emotional state, and the well-being of a person. Representatives of different linguistic groups may have psychological advantages in specific socio-cultural situations.ObjectivesWe investigated the interrelation between mental well-being, emotional state, life satisfaction, and belonging to different ethnolinguistic categories in the Russian society.MethodsThe measuring instruments included the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (Tennant et al., 2007), the Scale ofPositive and Negative Experience (SPANE) (Diener et al., 2009), the questionary on life satisfaction. The research project included 894 respondents aged from 14 to 80 (M=24.0; SD=11.7), residents of eight regions, where there are one or several official languages along with Russian.ResultsThe results indicate that mental well-being (F = 1.167; p = 0.312) is independent of the respondents’ native language, while the ratio of positive and negative affect is significantly higher (F = 3.164; p = 0.008) among people who indicated the regional language as the native one, compared to those who have two native languages - Russian and regional (MD = -1.529; p = 0.039). Moreover, the general life satisfaction is higher (F = 7.427; p = 0.001) among native speakers of the regional language as compared to those who indicate both Russian and regional languages as their native languages (MD = 0.638; p <0.001).ConclusionsDifferences in the emotional state and life satisfaction along with the absence of differences in mental well-being were revealed in respondents of different ethnolinguistic categories. The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 17-29-09167.

Adolescent movement behaviour profiles are associated with indicators of mental wellbeing

Recent work has demonstrated the collective impact of daily movement behaviours on mental health outcomes, however, positive aspects of mental health have received much less attention. The purpose of this study was to identify unique adolescent movement behaviour profiles and determine whether profile membership is associated with differences in mental wellbeing. This study used data from the baseline assessment of the ADAPT study. A total of 1166 Canadian adolescents enrolled in grade 11 classes (Mage = 15.91 ± 0.48; 54% female) self-reported their movement behaviours – moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), recreational screen time (ST) and sleep – and completed three measures of mental wellbeing: flourishing, self-esteem and resiliency. Latent profile analysis with distal outcomes comparisons were conducted. Four distinct profiles were identified: one healthy profile (high MVPA/low ST), two mixed behavioural profiles (low MVPA/low ST and high MVPA/high ST), and one profile considered to be the least healthy (low MVPA and high ST). Sleep patterns were similar across the profiles. The healthiest profile was consistently associated with better mental wellbeing, followed by the mixed behaviour profiles, and the least healthy profile had the poorest scores for mental wellbeing. These findings highlight the additive benefits of engaging in a full complement of healthy movement behaviours. Moving forward, behavioural interventionists should consider adopting an integrated approach to promoting mental wellbeing through targeting each of the movement behaviours concurrently.

Who maintains good mental health in a locked-down country? A French nationwide online survey of 11,391 participants.

Lockdown measures can differentially affect mental wellbeing in populations depending on individual determinants. We aim to investigate the sociodemographic and environmental determinants of wellbeing on the French population during lockdown due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic with an online survey. Among 11,391 participants who completed the questionnaire, various factors negatively impacted wellbeing: being a female, a student, disabled, having no access to outdoor spaces, or living in a small home. Conversely, being employed and having more social contacts had a positive impact. During lockdowns, authorities should consider the vulnerability of specific populations, especially when they live in constrained housing conditions.

Is Being Employed Always Better for Mental Wellbeing Than Being Unemployed? Exploring the Role of Gender and Welfare State Regimes during the Economic Crisis.

The growth of poor jobs related to economic crisis adds to its increase since the mid-1970s as a result of new forms of flexible employment. In Europe, there is no clear evidence on whether working in a poor-quality job is better for mental wellbeing than being unemployed. The objectives of this study were to compare mental wellbeing between the unemployed and those working in jobs with different quality levels and to examine gender and welfare state differences in Europe. We selected 8324 men and 7496 women from the European Social Survey, 2010. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression models were fitted, separated by sex and country group. No significant differences in mental wellbeing were shown between unemployed-non-active, unemployed-active, and those working in low-quality jobs in either sex. Only men from Conservative countries in low-quality jobs had better mental wellbeing than unemployed (non-active) men. Only having a good-quality job reduced the likelihood of poor mental wellbeing compared with being unemployed (non-active) among men in all countries (except Social-Democratic) and among women in Eastern and Southern European countries. No differences were observed among men or women in Social-Democratic countries, while strong gender differences were found in Conservative and Liberal countries. Our study indicates the need to take job quality into account, in addition to creating jobs during economic crises. The main mechanisms to explain the strong gender and welfare state differences identified could be social protection for unemployed, labor market regulations, and family models.

WHO, ME, WORRIED?: A LOOK AT BRAIN HEALTH AND STRESS AMONG RESIDENTS IN GEOGRAPHICALLY DIFFERENT AREAS

The 2018 AARP Brain Health and Mental Well-Being Survey reveals Millennials (age 22 to 37) have the highest level of stress while those in the Silent/Greatest Generation (over 73) have the lowest. Adults in their 50s and beyond have higher average mental well-being scores compared to younger adults. On a scale of mental well-being with an average score of 52, the average well-being for those age 18-39 is about 50, compared to about 54 for those 60 and older. This presentation will highlight generational difference in mental well-being and will examine community difference for older adults particularly those who reside in metropolitan areas compared to non-metropolitan areas.

Gender differences in self-reported health - the significance of inequality in domestic work

Abstract Background Gender difference in health is an important public health issue. Although biological factors contribute, social processes and living conditions create, maintain and exacerbate health differences between women and men. The aim of this study was to examine if lack of equality in domestic work contributes to the explanation of gender differences in self-reported mental well-being, common symptoms and persistent illness. Methods Population based questionnaire data on co-habiting women and men in Sweden, aged 19-64 years (n = 2666), was used. Division of planning and performing domestic work, satisfaction with division of domestic work and equality in partner relationship, were analysed in relation to health outcomes using binary logistic regression analysis with adjustments for age, income, country of birth, occupational class, weekly hours in paid work and number of children. Results Women, compared to men, showed higher odds (OR) for having low mental well-being, OR 1.35 (1.07-1.70), > 7 common symptoms, OR 1.98 (CI 1.59-2.46) and ≥ 1 persistent illness, OR 1.25 (CI 1.06-1.47). When equal partner relationship and planning and performing domestic work were included in the regression, the ORs for mental well-being and persistent illness slightly weakened and decreased to non-significance when satisfaction with division of domestic work were analysed, OR 1.14 (0.99-1.44) and OR 1.18 (0.99-1.39) respectively. Corresponding ORs for common symptoms were almost unchanged throughout the analysis. Conclusions Satisfaction with division of domestic work contributed to explanation of gender differences in persistent illness and notably to differences in mental well-being. Key messages Inequality in domestic work could contribute to explanation of gender difference in health. Satisfaction in division of domestic work is of specific relevance in gender difference in mental health.