Differences In Levels Of Vitamin Research Articles

Pengaruh terhadap lama perendaman buah rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L) melalui uji kadar vitamin C secara spektrofotometri UV-VIS

Background: rosella fruit is a fruit that has a high enough vitamin C content. Vitamin C is needed for collagen production and helps the body's metabolic processes. Vitamin C dissolves easily in water and is easily damaged, so care must be taken to get a high enough content. Vitamin C levels are essential to measure, one of which is by using the UV-VIS spectrophotometry method. This study aims to determine differences in vitamin C levels through the length of soaking rosella fruit, commonly used among the public as an alternative to herbal medicine.Objectives: to determine differences in levels of vitamin C in rosella fruit samples through soaking time as is often done among people who drink rosella fruit boiled water as an alternative to herbal medicine.Methods: the design of this research is experimental research, namely to determine the level of vitamin C in rosella fruit soaking through soaking time (10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes). Tests were carried out using UV-VIS Genesis spectrophotometry.Results: the study found that the levels of vitamin C found in rosella fruit soaking for 10 minutes was 117.9 mg/50 g, soaking for 20 minutes was 74.778 mg/50 g, and soaking for 30 minutes was 69.621 mg/50 g.Conclusion: this shows that the level of vitamin C content is higher in 10 minutes of immersion compared to 20 and 30 minutes of immersion. Rosella fruit has the potential as a source of vitamin C, therefore, it is recommended to pay attention to the long soaking time of rosella fruit because the longer the soaking time of rosella fruit, the less vitamin C content in the fruit will be

Difference in Levels of Vitamin D between Indoor and Outdoor Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Vitamin D, its importance in different processes taking place in the human body, the effects of abnormal levels of this hormone, either too low or too high, and the need for supplementation have been extensively researched thus far. Variances in exposure to sunlight can cause vitamin D levels to fluctuate. Indoor activity can be a factor for these fluctuations and can lead to a decrease in vitamin D levels. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis aiming to identify whether indoor compared to outdoor training has a significant influence on vitamin D levels; we also performed subgroup analyses and multivariate meta-regression. The type of training has an impact on vitamin D levels that is influenced by multiple cofounders. In a subgroup analysis not considering cofounders, the mean serum vitamin D was 3.73 ng/mL higher in outdoor athletes, a difference which barely fails to achieve significance (p = 0.052, a total sample size of 5150). The indoor-outdoor difference is only significant (clinically and statistically) when considering studies performed exclusively on Asian athletes (a mean difference of 9.85 ng/mL, p < 0.01, and a total sample size of 303). When performing the analyses within each season, no significant differences are observed between indoor and outdoor athletes. To control for multiple cofounders (the season, latitude, and Asian/Caucasian race) simultaneously, we constructed a multivariate meta-regression model, which estimated a serum vitamin D concentration lower by 4.446 ng/mL in indoor athletes. While a multivariate model suggests that outdoor training is associated with slightly higher vitamin D concentrations when controlling for the season, latitude, and Asian/Caucasian race, the type of training has a numerically and clinically small impact. This suggests that vitamin D levels and the need for supplementation should not be decided based on training type alone.

Vitamin D level in Egyptian children with otitis media with effusion

BackgroundThis prospective case-control study was conducted from June 2018 to October 2019 in a tertiary referral hospital to investigate the correlation between otitis media with effusion (OME) and serum vitamin D level in children. The study population included 50 children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and OME (group A) who underwent adenotonsillectomy with tympanostomy tubes insertion compared to 50 children free from any medical or surgical disease (control group). Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D was measured using electrochemiluminescence technique for both groups.ResultsThe mean age in group A was 53.4 ± 9.2 months whereas in group B (control group) it was 65.0 ± 13.2 months (P <0.001). In group A, there were 29 (58 %) male children and 21 (42%) female children while in group B, there were 27 (54%) male children and 23 (46%) female children (P = 0.689). The mean vitamin D level in group A was 16.0 ± 6.1 ng/mL with a minimum of 7 ng/mL and a maximum of 32.10 ng/mL. In group B, the mean vitamin D level was 15.7 ± 5.3ng/mL with a minimum of 7.38 ng/mL and a maximum of 27.90 ng/mL. The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the level of vitamin D level between both groups (P = 0.770).ConclusionIn this study, the mean level of serum vitamin D was low in children suffering from OME with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and in children without any medical or surgical disease; however, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean serum level of vitamin D between both groups. Therefore, a further study on a larger sample is needed.

Evaluation of vitamin D levels in COVID-19 patients referred to Labafinejad hospital in Tehran and its relationship with disease severity and mortality

Background and aimsNovel Coronavirus (COVID-19) first appeared in China in late 2019 which was rapidly spread worldwide. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to spread, it is crucial to determine the prognostic factors contributing to the development of severe disease and higher mortality. Herein we aimed to evaluate the correlation between the severity and prognosis of patients with COVID 19 with serum 25(OH)D levels.MethodThis descriptive retrospective study was performed from March to April 2020 at a referral center for patients with COVID-19, Tehran, Iran. The data collection was performed by a checklist consisting of the demographic features and laboratory assessments consisted of serum 25(OH)D were evaluated and recorded. And investigate the relationship between serum 25(OH)D and clinical outcomes of patients.Result205 patients with a mean age of 59.71 years were enrolled. Our findings did not reveal a significant difference in mean levels of vitamin between improved (34.09) and deceased patients (34.54). However, in patients with severe disease, there was a considerable difference in levels of vitamin D in improved and deceased patients (P.value: 0.021). According to our results, the mortality rate was slightly higher in men (odds ratio:2.2). Furthermore, the mean age (64.20 vs. 58.51) and the presence of at least two comorbidities (odds ratio: 2.40) were significantly higher in deceased patients.ConclusionIn this study, we did not reveal a statistical difference in mean levels of vitamin D and the outcome of patients with COVID-19. We concluded that in patients with severe disease, vitamin D deficiency could affect the course of the disease and mortality, especially in comorbidity and older people.

Analisis Kadar Vitamin C Bawang Putih dan Hitam dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis

An analysis of vitamin C levels of garlic and black garlic was done by UV-Vis spectrophotometric method. Garlic and black garlic contain a variety of nutrients and vitamins. Single and plural garlic is widely used as a medicine, besides garlic is currently also popular with garlic which is processed at temperatures between 60-80̊C with an environmental humidity of around 70-90% for 10-40 days. One of the vitamins contained in garlic includes vitamin C which acts as an antioxidant and is effective in dealing with free radicals. Vitamin C analysis was performed by the spectrophotometric method on the maximum wavelength is 250 nm with an absorbance value of 3.994. Results of analysis of vitamin C levels single garlic by 0.28% content of plural garlic by 0.27%. Vitamin C levels of single black garlic 0.29% (10 days), 0.31% (20 days), and 0.32% (30 days), plural black garlic Vitamin C levels 0.28% (10 days), 0.29% (20 days) and 0.31% (30 days).Based on ANOVA test results obtained there are differences in levels of vitamin C in single black garlic over several variations of time (days)and there are differences in levels of vitamin C in plural black garlic over several variations of time (days) because of Fcount ≥ Ftable.The coefficient of variation (KV) value is needed to test the level of accuracy of the analysis results. KV value in single garlic is 0.68% and plural garlic is 1.24%. KV value of single black garlic 0.3% (10 days), 0.25% (20 days), and 0.7% (30 days), KV of black garlic 0.55% (10 days), 0.61% (20 days), and 0.43% (30 days).&#x0D; Keywords: Single garlic, garlic plural, black garlic, fermentation, vitamin C levels

Analysis of VDR Gene Polymorphism in Beta Thalassemia Major (Beta Thalassemia Major / Vitamin D / Calcium / 825T/T Vitamin D Receptor Gene)

Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) Gene has an important role in calcium and bone metabolism because is required in mineralization of normal bone, calcium absorption, organizing calcium and phosphate homeostasis, and regulating the secretion of parathyroid hormone. Genetics research found that BsmI polymorphism region in VDR gene relates to osteoporosis, other bone diseases, and cartilage metabolism in particular allele. The aim of this research is to analyze polymorphism of VDR (825G/T) gene in the eighth intron of beta thalassemia major on Sundanese population. In this case-control study, SNP 825G/T of 66 beta thalassemia major patients (case group) and 15 controls (control group) were evaluated using PCR-RFLP with restriction of enzyme BsmI. Vitamin D and calcium level were analyzed using ELISA. Genotype distributions and allele frequencies were analyzed chi-squared test. This study found that the vitamin D level was significantly lower on case group than on control group (vitamin D 56.1 pmol/L 80.30%; p8.5 mg/dL; p=0.025). Genotype frequency 825 VDR on case group was compared with control group, and there was no BB genotype in control group. There is only one case on case group (OR, 2.63; 95%CI, 0.73-9.64). B allele is significant in both case and control groups. There was no significant difference between case and control groups (OR, 2, 95%CI, 0.71-5.92). There was a significant difference in level of vitamin D and calcium, and also in allele frequency between on case and control groups.

Assessment of the relationship between serum vitamin (A, B&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;, C, D, folate) and zinc levels and polycystic ovary syndrome

&lt;b&gt;Introduction&lt;/b&gt; There is increasing evidence that vitamin D affects insulin and glucose metabolism, and a low vitamin D status is suspected to be a risk factor for impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance and so polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but there is no evidence to suggest that there is a relationship between vitamin A, vitamin B&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;, vitamin C, folate, zinc (Zn) and PCOS in the literature. We aimed to investigate the levels of vitamins A, B&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;, C and D and zinc and the association between vitamins A, B&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;, C and D, folate and zinc level and hormonal-biochemical parameters in PCOS.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Material and methods: &lt;/b&gt; We recruited 65 women with PCOS and 67 healthy individuals. Correlations between clinical and metabolic parameters and vitamins A, B&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;, C and D and zinc status were analyzed separately in patients and controls.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;: Women with PCOS showed a decreased serum level of vitamin A compared with the control group (p &lt; 0.05), but they showed no differences in the levels of vitamin D, vitamin B&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;, vitamin C, folate or Zn (p &gt; 0.05).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt;: Our study found no differences in the absolute levels of serum vitamins B&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;, C, D, folate or Zn between PCOS patients and matched controls, but the vitamin A level was lower in PCOS patients. Prevalence of vitamins A, B&lt;SUB&gt;12&lt;/SUB&gt;, C and D and Zn insufficiency was equally common among both patients and controls.

Vitamin D Levels in Children with Adenotonsillar Hypertrophy and Otitis Media with Effusion.

Vitamin D has been suggested to play a considerable role in the function of the immune system in various infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune conditions. Otitis media with effusion (OME), defined as the presence of non-purulent fluid within the middle ear without signs or symptoms of suppurative otitis media, has a number of inflammatory predisposing factors. This study was designed to explore the association between vitamin D deficiency and OME. In this cross-sectional study, 74 children aged 2-7 years with an obstructive indication for adenotonsillectomy were included. Patients were divided into two groups based on the need for ventilation tube insertion for OME. Thirty-two children were enrolled in the OME group and 42 in the control group. The mean vitamin D level was compared between the two groups. Mean vitamin D concentration in all patients was 11.96±5.85 ng/ml (9.79±4.36 ng/ml in the OME group and 13.61±6.33 ng/ml in the control group; P=0.003). There was also a significant difference in levels of vitamin D in patients referred in winter (9.0±2.94 ng/ml) compared with the summer (19.85±4.21 ng/ml; P=0.001). Data analyzed based on the season in which the patients were referred showed no significant difference between the OME and the control group. Although our results showed lower serum levels of vitamin D in OME patients, the difference was not significant when seasons were taken into consideration. Therefore, the season is an important confounding factor in any research related to vitamin D due to the effect of sun-induced vitamin D.

Is high prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency evidence for autism disorder?: In a highly endogamous population.

Aim:To determine the association between Vitamin D and autism, and the difference in level of Vitamin D in autism children and control.Design:Case–control study conducted between June 2011 and May 2013, among autism at the Hamad Medical Corporation and controls at the School Health Clinics and Primary Health Care ClinicsSubjects and Methods:A total of 254 cases and 254 controls. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic is a semi-structured, standardized assessment of social interaction, communication, play and imaginative use of materials for individuals suspected of having autism spectrum disorders. Data on clinical manifestations and laboratory, family history, body mass index (BMI) and clinical biochemistry variables including serum 25-hydroxy Vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were obtained. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyzes were performed.Results:Of the total number of 508 children surveyed, 254 of autism and 254 of healthy children were contacted. The mean age (± standard deviation, in years) for autism versus control children was 5.51 ± 1.58 versus 5.76 ± 1.56. There were statistically significant differences between autism and healthy children control subjects with respect to educational level of mother (P = 0.016); occupation of mother (P = 0.005); BMI (P < 0.001); consanguinity (P = 0.015); exposure to sun (P = 0.002) and walking time per day <60 min (P < 0.001). The mean value of Vitamin D in autism children was much lower than the normal value, and there was a significant difference found in the mean values of Vitamin D between autism (18.39 ± 8.2 with median 18) and versus control children (21.59 ± 8.4) (P < 0.0001) and with median 21 (P = 0.004). Besides mean values of calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, glucose, potassium and alkaline phosphate were statistically significant higher in control healthy children compared to autism children (P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the mean serum Vitamin D level, calcium, consanguinity, BMI, physical activity, child order, and ferritin, were considered as the main factors associated with autism. Of total 254 of autism children, 14.2% had severe Vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/ml), 43.7% had moderate insufficient levels (between 10 and 20 ng/ml), 28.3% had mild insufficient levels (between 20 and 30 ng/ml), and only 13.8% of autism had sufficient levels (>30 ng/ml). Similarly, of the total 254 of healthy children 8.3% had severe Vitamin D deficiency (<10 ng/ml), 37% had moderate insufficient levels (between 10 and 20 ng/ml), 37.4% had mild insufficient levels (between 20 and 30 ng/ml), and only 17.3% had sufficient levels (>30 ng/ml). Furthermore, there was statistically significant differences between autism and control subjects with respect to the serum level of Vitamin D (P = 0.023).Conclusion:The present study revealed that Vitamin D deficiency was higher in autism children compared to healthy children and supplementing infants with Vitamin D might be a safe and more effective strategy for reducing the risk of autism.

DIET AND NUTRITION: Next Course in Organic Debate

Vol. 117, No. 10 NewsOpen AccessDIET AND NUTRITION: Next Course in Organic Debate David C. Holzman David C. Holzman Search for more papers by this author Published:1 October 2009https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.117-a439AboutSectionsPDF ToolsDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit With the Northern Hemisphere’s peaking summer produce crop came a new iteration of the question of whether organic food is worth the extra expense. According to a review commissioned by the U.K. Food Standards Agency and published 29 July 2009 ahead of print in the September 2009 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, organically grown food is no more nutritious than conventionally grown food. But organic proponents question the findings and also note that the health benefits of organic agriculture can go beyond nutrition.The review authors identified more than 52,000 studies dating back to 1958 that compared organic and conventional foods. Of these, 55 studies were deemed of sufficient quality. None of the studies predate 1990—an important point, says first author Alan D. Dangour, a senior lecturer at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, because one chief criticism of the review has been the fact that agriculture has changed markedly over the past 60 years.Of 11 parameters examined, organic crops had significantly higher phosphorus content and titratable acidity (which is not a nutrient but a food processing metric) whereas conventional crops had higher nitrogen content. Differences in levels of vitamin C, phenolic compounds, magnesium, calcium, potassium, zinc, total soluble solids (mostly sugar), and copper were insignificant.The results contradict a review published as the report New Evidence Confirms the Nutritional Superiority of Plant-Based Organic Foods in March 2008 by The Organic Center, a nonprofit food research outfit. This review found that total phenolics, vitamin E, vitamin C, quercetin, and total antioxidant capacity of organics exceeded that of conventionally grown produce—in the case of total antioxidant capacity, by 80%. Conventional products had higher levels of potassium, phosphorous, and total protein, all basic constituents of conventional fertilizers. Nutrition scientist Denis Lairon reported similar findings in a review published online 8 July 2009 ahead of print in Agronomy for Sustainable Development.Charles Benbrook, The Organic Center’s chief scientist and coauthor of the New Evidence report, criticizes the U.K. review for not requiring the individual studies to have used the same cultivars on organic and conventional plots. Differences in plant varieties—for instance, between hybrid and heirloom varieties of tomatoes—can result in dramatic differences in nutrient content, he says. “We went with what was available,” responds Dangour. “In general I recall most studies compared the same cultivars.”Another criticism: the study did not require organic fields to have been used as such for a minimum number of years. “We know from a large body of research that the biological benefits of organic farming mostly come from improvements in soil quality,” says Benbrook. Moreover, long‐term studies of organic and conventional tomatoes by food chemist Alyson Mitchell at the University of California, Davis, have demonstrated that soil organic matter takes at least five years to reach optimal levels. And national standards defining organic production practices were not established until 2002.Mitchell cautions against drawing sweeping conclusions from comparison studies of organic versus conventional. She notes that organic practices vary immensely, with some modern industrial‐scale organic farms using methods more similar to those of conventional farms, such as growing just a single crop (monoculture).But Benbrook says sustainably conducted organic farming offers benefits beyond nutrition, including improved health of pollinators and cleaner waterways resulting from minimal pesticide use, significant carbon sequestration as soil builds up through organic cultivation, and potential shrinkage of oceanic dead zones due to reduced nitrogen fertilizer pollution. Melissa Perry, an associate professor of occupational epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health, also says children on organic diets have shown significantly lower levels of pesticide metabolites in their urine than children on conventional diets. As to the dangers thereof, Perry says the risk assessments conducted so far by the Environmental Protection Agency are limited because they do not routinely account for cumulative and potentially synergistic effects of multiple pesticides.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Vol. 117, No. 10 October 2009Metrics About Article Metrics Publication History Originally published1 October 2009Published in print1 October 2009 Financial disclosuresPDF download License information EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted. Note to readers with disabilities EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. 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The ‘Cocaine Blues' and Other Problems in Epidemiologic Studies of Vitamin D and Cancer

Compelling evidence from epidemiologic and laboratory studies and from clinical trials indicates that vitamin D metabolites decrease the risk of several common cancers. To set the stage for future progress in the area of vitamin D and cancer risk, it is imperative to clear the stage of encumbrances that have retarded progress. This introduction highlights six key areas that have been sources of confusion: 1) the difference between vitamins and hormones, 2) the meaning of the term vitamin “deficiency”, 3) the need for an explicit understanding of which form of vitamin D pertains to what hypothesis, 4) the timing of vitamin D exposure with respect to cancer risk, 5) the mechanism(s) of action of vitamin D metabolites, and 6) the difference between disease prevention and therapy with vitamin D metabolites. Many of these topics have been the subjects of recent reviews. Vitamins are essential substances required for normal functioning that the body cannot manufacture and therefore must consume; an example is vitamin C, a deficiency of which causes the disease scurvy. Conversely, hormones are essential substances that are synthesized in one part of the body, transferred via the blood, and exert effects at distant sites. 1,25(OH)2D is the result of synthesis in the skin that begins when ultraviolet radiation converts 7-dehydrocholesterol to vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol). Vitamin D3 subsequently undergoes two hydroxylations, the first in the liver, forming 25-(OH)vitamin D, which has little biologic activity, and the second in the kidney and in extra-renal sites, forming 1,25(OH)2D, the active vitamin D metabolite. 1,25(OH)2D exerts numerous effects in the body, classically on bone and mineral homeostasis, and therefore it is a hormone. Conversely, because cholecalciferol is synthesized in the skin following ultraviolet radiation, it is not a vitamin. Arguably, “vitamin D” could be considered a vitamin among African Americans. This is because persons with darkly pigmented skin make much less vitamin D from the same amount of solar exposure as persons with lightly pigmented skin since melanin, the major pigment in human skin, absorbs ultraviolet light and inhibits vitamin D synthesis. Consequently, the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in the United States is much higher among African Americans than among Caucasian Americans. Profound vitamin D deficiency during childhood causes the bone-deforming disease rickets. Consequently, vitamin D deficiency historically was defined in terms of bone; the absence of rickets in childhood or the absence of osteomalacia in adulthood was considered to represent vitamin D sufficiency. However, the recognition that many “non-classical” organs, such as the prostate gland, respond to and even synthesize the vitamin D hormone, mandates that the concept of vitamin D deficiency be revised. In short, vitamin D “deficiency” is most meaningful with respect to a specific end point: the amount of vitamin D sufficient to maintain a normal skeleton is likely insufficient to maintain the differentiated phenotype of prostate and other cells. Scientific acceptance of the hypothesis that vitamin D metabolites inhibit the development of cancer faced several obstacles. Chief among these was the difficulty in understanding how differences in serum levels of vitamin D metabolites could influence the behavior of “nonclassical” cells, even though such cells possessed receptors for 1,25(OH)2D (vitamin D receptors, or VDR). This is because, unlike serum levels of 25(OH)D, which are known to decrease with distance from the equator and are lower among persons with dark pigmentation, serum levels of 1,25(OH)2D are tightly regulated and do not vary with geographic latitude or race. This difficulty was effectively removed by the demonstration that normal prostate cells (and, by inference, other “non-classical” cells) possess the enzyme 25-(OH)vitamin D-1hydroxylase and, like the kidney, synthesize 1,25(OH)2D from circulating levels of 25(OH)D. The autocrine synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D was subsequently shown for many other organs, such as the colon, breast, and pancreas, and is Dr. Schwartz is with the Departments of Cancer Biology and Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA. Please address all correspondence to: Dr. Gary Schwartz, Departments of Cancer Biology and Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA; Phone: 336-716-7446; Fax: 336-716-5687; E-mail: gschwart@wfubmc.edu. doi: 10.1301/nr.2007.aug.S75–S76

Feed intake and absorption of lipid oxidation products in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets coated with oxidised fish oil

Two questions were asked in the present study; does Atlantic salmon taste and discriminate against oxidised feed and are lipid oxidation products absorbed from the intestine. In Experiment 1, a control diet, a medium oxidised diet and a highly oxidised diet were prepared (TBARS levels: 34±5, 61±4 and 76±2 nmol g−1, respectively). The control diet was marked with holmium and the experimental diets with europium. Each of the experimental diets were fed together with the control diet (1:1) to Atlantic salmon in duplicate tanks in one meal to satiation and the stomach contents were analysed for the lanthanides. The fish discriminated slightly against the highly oxidised diet, but not against the medium oxidised diet. In Experiment 2, Atlantic salmon cannulated through the dorsal aorta were fed control and oxidised feed (TBARS: 71±5 and 204±18 nmol g−1) and blood samples were collected regularly over a nine days period. On day 9, the fish were sacrificed, and samples of muscle, liver, intestinal tissue and contents were taken and analysed for oxidation products, and vitamins C and E. Plasma TBARS increased 3-4 fold in response to the oxidised diet and there was a slight increase in muscle and liver TBARS. The data on peroxide value (PV) in the tissues showed large variation, but no differences between the groups were detected. PV and TBARS in the contents of the large intestine increased 7- and 1.6-fold, respectively, in response to oxidised feed. There were no differences in levels of vitamins C and E between the groups. It seems that Atlantic salmon feed quite well on oxidised feed and that aldehydes, here represented by MDA and measured as TBARS, are absorbed from the intestine. The question as to whether lipid hydroperoxides are absorbed is unanswered due to the large variation in tissue PV. On the other hand, animals in general seem to be protected from absorption of lipid hydroperoxides and we hypothesise that similar mechanisms are active in Atlantic salmon.