Differences In Land Use Patterns Research Articles

Study on the Influence Mechanism of Land Use Patterns on Land Economic Benefits

Land use refers to the long-term or periodic business activities aimed at land resources by using various methods and behaviors for the purpose of economic and social benefits. It is the content of human activities to obtain corresponding product benefits and economic benefits through effective use of land resources in the labor process. In general, the factors of farmers' land use are embodied in the differences in land use patterns and management practices. Different land use patterns and management practices are not only responses to natural socio-economic conditions and local policies, but also the most direct external reasons leading to land quality changes. How to guide farmers to make decision on the optimal land use behavior and construct the optimal land use model is of great significance for maintaining local land quality and increasing farmers' income. On the basis of expounding the problems existing in rural land use in China, this paper discusses the land use mode of coordinated development between urban and rural areas from different angles, and analyzes the influence mechanism of land use mode on land economic benefits.

Projecting the impacts of the bioeconomy on Nordic land use and freshwater quality and quantity – An overview

This paper synthesizes a five-year project (BIOWATER) that assessed the effects of a developing bioeconomy on Nordic freshwaters. We used a catchment perspective and combined several approaches: comparative analyses of long-term data sets from well-monitored catchments (agricultural, with forestry, and near pristine) across Fennoscandia, catchment biogeochemical modelling and ecosystem services assessment for integration. Various mitigation measures were also studied. Benchmark Shared Socio-economic Pathways were downscaled and articulated in dialogue with national stakeholder representatives leading to five Nordic Bioeconomy Pathways (NBPs) describing plausible but different trajectories of societal development towards 2050.These were then used for catchment modelling and ecosystem service assessment. Key findings from the work synthesized here are: (a) The monitoring results from 69 catchments demonstrate that agricultural lands exported an order of magnitude more nutrients than natural catchments (medians 44 vs 4 kg P km−2 y-1 and 1450 vs 139 kg N km−2 y-1) whilst forests were intermediate (7 kg P km−2 y-1 and 200 kg N km−2 y-1). (b) Our contrasting scenarios led to substantial differences in land use patterns, which affected river flow as well as nutrient loads in two of the four modelled catchments (Danish Odense Å and Norwegian Skuterud), but not in two others (Swedish catchment C6 and Finnish Simojoki). (c) Strongly contrasting scenarios (NBP1 maximizing resource circularity versus NBP5 maximizing short-term profit) were found to lead to similar monetary estimates of total societal benefits, though for different underlying reasons – a pattern similar across the six studied Nordic catchments. (d) The ecological status of small to medium sized rivers in agricultural landscapes benefitted greatly from an increase in riparian forest cover from 10 % to 60 %. Riparian buffer strips, constructed wetlands, rewetting of ditched peatlands, and similar nature-based solutions optimize natural biogeochemical processes and thus can help in mitigating negative impacts of intensified biomass removal on water quality.

Where Is the Peri-Urban? A Systematic Review of Peri-Urban Research and Approaches for Its Identification and Demarcation Worldwide

Metropolitan areas worldwide have grown rapidly and are usually surrounded by peri-urban zones that are neither urban nor rural. Despite widespread use of the term ‘peri-urban’, physical determination of these spaces is difficult due to their transient nature and multiple definitions. While many have identified peri-urban areas regionally or globally, questions persist on where exactly the peri-urban is located, and what are the most apt methods to delineate its boundaries. The answers are pertinent towards framing targeted policies for governing the dynamic socio-spatial transformations in these zones. This paper reviews peri-urban research over the last 50-plus years to discern the existing methodologies for its identification/demarcation and their applications. For this, a total of 3124 documents on peri-urban studies were identified through keyword searches in Scopus and Google Scholar databases. Thereafter, 56 documents were examined that explicitly dealt with demarcating peri-urban zones. Results reveal that there is no standout/generalized method for peri-urban demarcation. Rather, these approaches are geographically specific and vary across developed and developing countries, due to differences in land-use patterns, socioeconomic drivers, and political systems. Thus, we recommend developing a ‘pluralistic’ framework for determining peri-urban boundaries at the regional–global scale to enable better framing of relevant policies.

Spatial Comparison of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Boardman River Following Impoundment Removal and Channel Restoration.

Semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were used to quantify dissolved concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) along a 40-km reach of the Boardman River in Traverse City, Michigan that has recently undergone dam and impoundment pond sediment removal. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (ΣPCBs; 7.7-65.0 pg/L), dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane and metabolites (ΣDDTs; 7.6-202.5 pg/L) and cyclodiene compounds (3.7-220.7 pg/L) were below regulatory guidelines considered to pose chronic risks to aquatic health. POP concentrations estimated from SPMD monitoring were not representative of potential residual contamination from legacy sediment impoundments. Spatial patterns in POP profiles were present among the different deployment sites and were reflective of differences in land-use patterns along the rural to urban gradient of the monitored area of the river. These results represent baseline POP data prior to the removal of remaining dam infrastructure in the Boardman River. Overall, this study supports the utility of SPMDs for monitoring trace environmental contamination and helps assess the efficacy of environmental remediation for mitigating legacy pollutant releases following dam and impoundment pond sediment removal.

Building footprint extraction from very high-resolution satellite images using deep learning

ABSTRACT Building footprint datasets are valuable for a variety of uses in urban settings. For a number of urban applications, polygonal building outlines with regularised bounds are required and are extremely challenging to prepare. We propose a deep learning strategy based on convolutional neural networks for retrieving building footprints. The model was trained using images from a variety of places across the metropolis, highlighting differences in land use patterns and the built environment. The evaluation measures indicate how the accuracy characteristics of distinct built-up settings differ. The results of the model are equivalent to cutting-edge building extraction methods.

Watershed characteristics and physico-chemical analysis of lakes and reservoirs in North Western, Ethiopia

This study investigates the physico-chemical characteristics of Lakes and reservoirs in relation to the watershed condition of North Western Ethiopia. A mosaic image from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) path/ row 169/052, 169/053, 170/052, and 170/053 for March, 2018 is used for land cover analysis. Physico-chemical parameters including Surface water temperature, pH, Turbidity, Electrical conductivity, Total dissolved solid (TDS), and Nitrate concentration have been measured using Thermometer, pH meter, Turbidity meter, Conductivity /TDS meter, and Photometer, respectively. The findings revealed that the higher areal coverage of the catchments was recorded for Gudera–Geray–Tikurwuha catchments (3371 km2) where all these three water bodies are found within the same catchment followed by Tirba Catchment (1395 km2). Other water bodies such as Zengena and Bahire Giyorgis are within independent catchment area 684 km2 and 278 km2), respectively. High levels in physico-chemical properties (turbidity, TDS and conductivity) were observed in Lake Bahire Giyorgis, Geray and Tikurwuha reservoirs whereas, these levels were considerably lower in the highland water bodies of Tirba and Zengena. These findings indicated clear differences in watershed and physico-chemical characteristics among the water bodies under consideration. These differences could be attributed to the different patterns of land use, source of pollution, vegetation cover and geochemistry of the catchments areas. Moreover, it has been noticed that the water use and abstraction by local community is not in proper management. Most of the agricultural practices such as irrigation, farming, and fishing, are implemented without considering sustainable management of the water bodies. Municipal wastes are also affecting the water bodies particularly the Tikur Wuha reservoir. Therefore, it is demanding to conduct further research on water quality, sediment load, trends in water volume and detailed study on biological components to come up with sustainable solution for the lakes and reservoirs.

Soil infiltration under different patterns of land use and its influencing factor in the Bashang and Baxia regions of Hebei province

Soil infiltration under different patterns of land use and its influencing factor in the Bashang and Baxia regions of Hebei province

Agricultural technology adoption among migrant settlers and indigenous populations of the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon: are differences narrowing?

ABSTRACTWe consider trends in the use of modern agricultural inputs of migrant settlers and indigenous populations in the Northern Ecuadorian Amazon and the demographic, socioeconomic, and land use-related factors affecting input use. It is widely believed that the different livelihood strategies, and therefore different relationships to the land, of indigenous populations and migrant settlers result in different uses of chemical inputs in agriculture. We analyze data from two panel surveys, one of migrant settler households and a separate panel of indigenous households. We find low input use among both types of households, particularly among two of the five main ethnicities of indigenous households in the study region, the Cofán and Waorani. Multivariate statistical models were run separately for each panel, with significant relationships found between several predictors and the use of pesticides and herbicides. Our results highlight continuing differences in land use patterns between households in the NEA.

Urban Land Intensive Use Evaluation Study Based on Nighttime Light—A Case Study of the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Urban land intensive use meets the requirements for the sustainable development of urban land and is an important part of urban sustainable development. The Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB) spans the three major regions of China, which are the most active areas of China’s economy. The contradiction between humans and land is becoming more acute. There are also regional differences in land use patterns affecting the coordinated development of the YREB and the construction of an ecological civilization. Therefore, the scientific evaluation of urban land intensive use is a key area in the current research field of urban sustainable development. In this study, the YREB is chosen as the research object, and urban land intensive use is studied using nighttime light data and statistical data on the urban built-up area. An evaluation model based on urban nighttime light intensity and land urbanization is constructed with an allometric growth model. Considering that the impact of land urbanization on urban nighttime light has a possible lag effect, an evaluation model of land intensive use that considers the lag effect between urban nighttime light and the land urbanization level is proposed. Using urban agglomerations and some typical cities in the study area as research samples, the characteristics of urban nighttime light and land urbanization are analyzed to reveal the spatial and temporal characteristics of land development in the YREB. The results show that nighttime light remote-sensing data can better reflect the level of urban land use, the allometric growth model can better fit the intensity of urban light and the land urbanization level, and the allometric growth characteristics can reflect the land use characteristics of different cities and urban agglomerations. In regional experiments with typical cities and with urban agglomerations, compared to the original allometric growth model, the goodness of fit of the allometric growth model with the lag effect improves, on average, by 3.2% and 2%, respectively, with the highest increases being by 9.9% and 4.9%, respectively. The level of intensive land use in the YREB gradually decreases from east to west, and there are great differences among different cities in the provinces and urban agglomerations. The lower reaches of the Yangtze River have high land intensive use on the whole. In the middle reaches, multicenter cities have a greater efficiency of land use than the surrounding cities. In the upper reaches, only Chengdu and Chongqing have clear advantages in urban land intensive use. The results of this study can be helpful in providing an important reference for the sustainable development of land in the YREB and can provide a basis for future urban land optimization and sustainable development. Realizing the coordination and linkage between key cities and major cities is the key to enhancing the overall sustainable development ability of the core cities in the YREB.

Agricultural land use among mestizo colonist and indigenous populations: Contrasting patterns in the Amazon.

This paper compares land use patterns of mestizo colonists and indigenous populations in the central Ecuadorian Amazon, based on data from a household survey covering mestizo colonist, Kichwa and Shuar households. As expected, colonists mostly engage in commercial agriculture and cattle ranching, but there are substantial differences in land use patterns between the Shuar and the Kichwa. The Shuar engage in cash cropping and cattle ranching, and on average, devote even more land to agricultural uses than mestizo colonists in this sample. In contrast, the Kichwa engage more in subsistence crop production and less in commercial agriculture. Such different patterns appear related to local conditions, earlier migratory and settlement patterns, and the level of exposure to markets. The implications of this for policy are explored in the conclusions.

Assessing how spatial variations of land use pattern affect water quality across a typical urbanized watershed in Beijing, China

Understanding the relationship between land use patterns and water quality in urbanized areas can provide insight into urban water quality management. In this study, a self-organizing map (SOM) and a linear mixed effects (LME) model were applied to explore the spatiotemporal patterns of nutrients and their relationship with land use characteristics in the highly urbanized Beiyun River watershed. The SOM classified 324 sampling data from 2014 to 2015 at 25 typical river sampling sites into nine clusters, with differences in land use patterns and seasonal (rainy and dry seasons) distributions. In the urbanized upstream reach of the river, concentrations of most pollutants were low, while in downstream sites the concentrations were higher for these pollution parameters. Nitrate-N (NO3−-N), however, exhibited the opposite pattern, probably due to the sources of pollutants and biochemical processes. The explanatory ability of the LME model in the established urbanized area and newly developed area in the upstream portion of the watershed was much better than in the downstream area, probably due to the influence of upstream nutrient contributions and the point source inputs in the downstream area. These statistical results indicated that sewage disposal and the main urbanized land use types were the most important drivers of river contamination. Forest land positively or negatively influenced river water quality depending on its spatial location as well as the water quality indicators. Therefore, sewage disposal as well as spatial non-stationarity of land-use impacts should be taken into consideration to reduce water pollution in the Beiyun River watershed.

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Further objectives were to determine the different patterns of land use and occupation within the microbasin formed by these rivers, and to assess the influence of the quantity of riparian vegetation on the presser/vation of the aquatic ecosystems. The studied basin extends over a total area of 77.75 km2, of which 92.98% comprised agriculture (44.11%) and native forest (48.87%). The drainage area of the sampling site P1 was 87.57% covered by crops, and so was 22.30% of the area of the sampling site P4. However, the application of the Tukey test (p < 0.05) to the data for thermotolerant coliforms (also known as faecal coliforms - FC) led to the inference of similarity (p<0.05) between the sampling sites P1 and P4. This indicates that the agriculture impact is probably mitigated by the area of native forest around the source of the spring that feeds P1. From the sampling site P2 to P3, the drainage area showed an improvement in the preservation of natural areas, with the area covered by crops decreasing to 44.41% and an increase of 47.93% in the land covered by native forest. Sampling sites P2 and P3 also showed significant similarity between their annual averages for FC, displaying a reduction in the concentration of these microorganisms from 2.15 to 1.61 (× 10³ MPN/100 mL), which again provided evidence of the positive influence of the recovery of plant cover within the drainage area. Recognising that the other sampling sites with very similar land use characteristics did not display significant alterations in the water quality, the influence of the vegetation and its role as a buffer were made evident, since for these sampling sites most water sources are not bereft of surrounding vegetation. In this way, the lack of correlation (Pearson and Spearman) between the seasonal variations for the assessed water quality parameters allowed us to provide evidence for the positive effect of riparian vegetation in the maintenance of the integrity of aquatic ecosystems and the preservation of the water quality. The water quality comprises physical, chemical, and microbiological parameters related to the different land uses within the river basin. Key words: Monitoring, total and thermotolerant coliforms, biological indicators, human impact, water quality, multifactorial analysis.

Inequality, demography, and variability among early complex societies in Central Pacific Panama

The early complex societies of Central Pacific Panama have long been recognized by anthropologists for their strong levels of social hierarchy. Such hierarchy is apparent in the ethnohistoric texts of the 16th century, and in elaborate burial assemblages of the Late Ceramic II period (AD 700–1522). Not surprisingly, those regions in which hierarchy is most apparent have been the main focus of archaeological research, while those in which inequalities were apparently weaker have received less attention. These latter regions, however, are also a vital part of understanding hierarchical development—they can bring into sharper relief the factors that gave way to hierarchical organization in some regions, as well as those factors that may have discouraged it from developing in others. Regional settlement data from the Río Parita and Río Tonosí valleys provide an opportunity to explore this issue. These data suggest that the hierarchical variability observed between these regions may have arisen as a result of differential levels of regional population growth and environmental risk, which gave way to different patterns of land use and structures of local interaction. These different interaction structures facilitated different sorts of activities and inter-household relationships, leading to markedly different forms of social organization.

Research on Soil Infiltration Law of Different Landues Types in Jinsha River Dry-Hot Valley

This article takes four different slope lands as the experimental points in Jinsha River dry-hot volley. The double-rings method is adopted to illustrate the soil moisture infiltration characteristics in four different landuse types. The results show that different landues types have obvious differences in soil infiltration capability among four different patterns of landuse. Arbor forest behaved the best infiltration capability and wasteland the worst; the average infiltration and the steadily infiltration attains 1.67mm/min and 0.5mm/min respectively during the first 120min of soil water infiltration process in arbor forest; the rate of whatever the average infiltration or the steadily infiltration express the same regulation: the arbor forest is a little higher than the shrub land, the grassland, than the waste land; the moisture infiltration rate in different landuse types can all be thoroughly defined through the Horton equation; Water infiltration is affected by the soil bulk density. With the bulk density increasing, the steady infiltration rate decreases. And the two are at an exponential function.

Long-term agrarian landscapes in the Troodos foothills, Cyprus

We investigate the temporal and environmental relationships between the terraced hill slopes of Politiko-Koloiokremmos and the adjacent Bronze Age settlement of Politiko-Troullia in foothills of the Troodos Mountains, central Cyprus. Mapping of 102 stone walls on Koloiokremmos is compared with 66 walls farther afield on Cyprus to create a six-part terrace typology. Sherd counts from 174 2-m radius collection circles over approximately 20 ha on Troullia and Koloiokremmos were used to create interpolated sherd density surfaces revealing distinctly different patterns of land use for four major archaeological eras between the Cypriot Bronze Age and Medieval Period. We compared sherd density patterns according to terrace types, length, slope and vegetation cover determined by SAVI (Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index) from Ikonos and Quickbird satellite imagery.The most robust sherd patterning indicates Prehistoric Bronze Age settlement at Troullia, as confirmed by soil resistivity and excavation, and multi-period land use on Koloiokremmos immediately upslope of the village that may be associated with agricultural terracing. Scattered sherd concentrations indicate later use of this landscape as an agricultural hinterland for the Iron Age city of Tamassos. Sherds and a down slope spread of roof tiles from the Roman through Medieval periods suggest an isolated structure near the crest of Koloiokremmos. Longer terraces correlate with greater vegetation cover and are interpreted as agricultural, while shorter terraces, apparently for erosion control and arboriculture, are significantly related to Prehistoric Bronze Age sherd patterns. Our results suggest that coordinated analysis of archaeological, geographical and remotely sensed environmental data associated with terraced landscapes can be used to infer long-term patterns of agricultural land use.

Understanding neighbourhood design impact on travel behaviour: An application of structural equations model to a British metropolitan data

The objective of this study is to explore whether changes in neighbourhood characteristics bring about changes in travel choice. Residential self-selection is a concern in the connections between land-use and travel behaviour. The recent literature suggests that a longitudinal structural equations modelling (SEM) approach can be a powerful tool to assess the importance of neighbourhood characteristics on travel behaviour as opposed to the attitude-induced residential self-selection. However, the evidence to date is limited to particular geographical areas and evidence from one country might not be transferrable to another because of differences in land-use patterns and land-use policies. The paper is to address the gap by extending the evidence using British data. The case study is based on the metropolitan area of Tyne and Wear, North East of England, UK. A SEM is applied to 219 respondents who reported residential relocation. The results identify that neighbourhood characteristics do influence travel behaviour after controlling for self-selection. For instance, the more people are exposed to public transport access, the more likely they drive less. Neighbourhood characteristics also impact through their influence on car ownership. A social environment with vitality also reduces the amount of private car travel. These findings suggest that land-use policies at neighbourhood level can play an important role in reducing driving.

Urbanization strategies, rural development and land use changes in China: A multiple-level integrated assessment

This paper links urbanization strategies to changes in land use and associated impacts on rural communities and agro-ecosystems in a rural area of China. Energy, monetary and human time variables as well as information on environmental pressures, have been combined to compare different typologies of households and the metabolism of different patterns of land use from an integrated perspective. The results show that urbanization strategies, aimed at shifting the current land use and at displacing the local population, while increasing the economic efficiency is also associated with an increase in fossil energy consumption and environmental pressure, as well as a reduction of the multifunctional characteristic of the area under investigation. Based on these findings the paper also offers a critical discussion of the Chinese rural development policy arguing that the multifunctionality of rural areas should be taken into account by Chinese policy-makers and planners as a viable strategy to achieve rural development targets.

Linkage between land use patterns and sediment phosphorus sorption behaviors along shoreline of a Chinese large shallow lake (Lake Chaohu)

Key-words: degree of phosphorus saturation, phosphorus sorption behavior, land use, sediment, soil To test the relationship between phosphorus buffering capacity in sediments of littoral zone and land use, seasonal samples were taken from the soils representing different patterns of land use, together with the littoral zone sediments, along shoreline in Lake Chaohu. There existed significantly positive relationships between equilibrium phosphorus concentration (EPC0) and degree of phosphorus saturation (DPS) defined as ratios of Olsen-P, algae available phosphorus (AAP) and inorganic phosphorus (IP) to maximum sorption capacity (Qmax). So, some easily accessible P parameters especially DPS were indicative of EPC0 in the sediments. Furthermore, the contents of IP, total phosphorus (TP) and organic matter (OM) in the sediments were significantly related to those in the soils. Therefore, the soils could provide the littoral zone with IP either directly or indirectly through TP input; it also provided the Olsen-P through the OM input, as evidenced by the relationship between Olsen-P and OM. It meant that the enhanced OM would enlarge the DPS. On the other hand, the increase in OM paralleled with the increases in Qmax, which lower the DPS simultaneously. Thus, the OM modified sediment phosphorus sorption behaviors in complicated manners. Finally, the soil covered by Fleabane was coupled with the sediment whose EPC0 values were lower and further decreased with strong diffusion from the soils after heavy rains. Hence, shoreline soil may input TP including IP and OM into the lake and alter the DPS together with EPC0 thereby regulating the sediment functions to act as sink or source of phosphorus.

Estimating the Density of Honeybee Colonies across Their Natural Range to Fill the Gap in Pollinator Decline Censuses

Although pollinator declines are a global biodiversity threat, the demography of the western honeybee (Apis mellifera) has not been considered by conservationists because it is biased by the activity of beekeepers. To fill this gap in pollinator decline censuses and to provide a broad picture of the current status of honeybees across their natural range, we used microsatellite genetic markers to estimate colony densities and genetic diversity at different locations in Europe, Africa, and central Asia that had different patterns of land use. Genetic diversity and colony densities were highest in South Africa and lowest in Northern Europe and were correlated with mean annual temperature. Confounding factors not related to climate, however, are also likely to influence genetic diversity and colony densities in honeybee populations. Land use showed a significantly negative influence over genetic diversity and the density of honeybee colonies over all sampling locations. In Europe honeybees sampled in nature reserves had genetic diversity and colony densities similar to those sampled in agricultural landscapes, which suggests that the former are not wild but may have come from managed hives. Other results also support this idea: putative wild bees were rare in our European samples, and the mean estimated density of honeybee colonies on the continent closely resembled the reported mean number of managed hives. Current densities of European honeybee populations are in the same range as those found in the adverse climatic conditions of the Kalahari and Saharan deserts, which suggests that beekeeping activities do not compensate for the loss of wild colonies. Our findings highlight the importance of reconsidering the conservation status of honeybees in Europe and of regarding beekeeping not only as a profitable business for producing honey, but also as an essential component of biodiversity conservation.

The interaction between land use and catchment physiognomy: understanding avifaunal patterns of the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia

AbstractAim We assessed whether different patterns of land use within similar physiognomic catchments (= watersheds) produced discernible effects on avian assemblages and, if so, whether such effects were related to particular land‐use activities (e.g. extensive cropping).Location Murray–Darling Basin in south‐eastern Australia.Methods We used a recently (2007) published physiognomic classification of catchments based on different stream orders as our template. We used a subset of data from the second Birds Australia atlas to calculate reporting rates for each species in each subcatchment. We linked these two sets of data with proportions of major land uses within catchments to identify whether differences in proportions of land uses altered the expected avifauna for catchments of the same nominal physiognomic class.Results A significant proportion of the variation in bird reporting rates was explained by the physiognomic classification. Additional explanatory power resulted from including an interaction matrix of land‐use covariates. Livestock grazing was a major explanatory variable in classes characterized by more mountainous catchments. Cropping affected avifaunas consistently by producing a more uniform assemblage.Main conclusions The physiognomic template was an important determinant of avifaunal composition, but its interaction with land‐use variation within physiognomic classes doubled the amount of variance explained. Within a physiognomic class, if one identifies the ‘ideal’ avifaunal composition for that class one can identify land‐use mixes that are most likely to be beneficial for the avifaunas of that class and recommend directions for large‐scale management objectives vis‐à‐vis mixtures of land‐use types.