Differences In Degree Of Inflammation Research Articles

Efficacy of silver nanoparticle gel on healing of traumatic oral ulcers compared with triamcinolone oral paste: An experimental study on rats.

There are many treatment protocols for relieving pain and accelerating oral ulcer healing. The purpose was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticle (AgNP) gel on oral ulcers compared with the traditional treatment in animal model. In this experimental study, 72 adult male rats were randomly allocated into four groups, after ulcer induction: control (receive no treatment), placebo (placebo gel was applied on ulcers once daily), triamcinolone (ulcers were treated with triamcinolone paste once daily), and AgNPs (ulcers were treated with AgNP gel once daily). The animals were sacrificed at three successive periods of 3, 7, and 14 days after ulcer induction. Histopathological scores of re-epithelialization and degree of inflammation were assessed. The wound size was measured clinically. For parametric data, the analysis of variance, and for ordinal histopathological data, the Kruskal-Wallis test using SPSS was done. A P < 0.05 was considered statically significant. Control and placebo groups had no case of complete healing. Improvement of wound size by triamcinolone paste was not significant in different days but showed significant differences in degree of inflammation (P < 0.001) and re-epithelialization (P = 0.012). Reduction of wound size by AgNPs gel had significant difference at 14th day (P < 0.001); further, by this gel, significant differences in degree of inflammation and re-epithelialization were seen in long-term medication. AgNP gel could be effective in oral ulcer healing clinically and histopathologically. Although this gel showed delayed effect, it had better healing effect according to the cases with complete healing. Hence, the application of AgNP oral gel can be considered as an alternative approach for oral ulcers.

The pathology of Kawasaki disease aortitis: a study of 37 cases

BackgroundKawasaki disease (KD) is a systemic vasculitis syndrome that occurs most frequently in children. Most clinical and pathological studies have focused on its coronary artery lesions. To date, no detailed studies of the aorta have been conducted. We studied KD autopsy cases with the aims of clarifying the time-course of changes in aortic lesions, the differences in the inflammatory cells and degree of inflammation at various aortic sites, and the progression of the inflammation. Materials and MethodsThe study materials were aortic specimens taken from 37 KD autopsy cases (acute phase: 19; remote phase: 18). Twenty-seven of the cases also had coronary aneurysms. We chose 3 aortic sites, i.e., the thoracic aorta, aortic root and aortic bifurcation, and we histologically observed and compared those sites in regard to the changes with time, the kinds of infiltrating cells and the number of inflammatory cells. We also observed the relationship between the vasa vasorum and inflammatory cell localization in the tunica media, and examined the progression of inflammation in the tunica media. ResultsDestruction of the vascular architecture was not seen in any of the 37 cases, but inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in 90% of the acute-phase cases. The inflammatory cell infiltration involved the tunica intima and tunica adventitia of the aorta on the 6th disease-day, and all layers of the aorta on the 13th disease-day; the infiltration peaked on the 18th disease-day. The infiltration gradually disappeared thereafter, and no significant infiltration was seen in the remote phase. The infiltrating inflammatory cells consisted mainly of CD163-positive macrophages. Comparison of the 3 sites of the aorta showed that the inflammatory cell infiltration was more severe in the aortic root and aortic bifurcation than in the thoracic aorta. The progression of inflammation to the aortic tunica media from the adventitia showed 2 patterns: 1 in which macrophages were aggregated around the vasa vasorum; and a second in which there was no such aggregation around the vasa vasorum, but there was diffuse inflammatory cell infiltration of the tunica media. In addition to this, there were findings of direct infiltration of cells from the tunica intima into the tunica media. ConclusionInflammation in KD occurs in the aorta. The changes with time and the kinds of infiltrating cells were the same as reported to date for coronary arteries in KD. There were differences in the degree of inflammation among the 3 aortic sites. It can be thought that the inflammation from the adventitia to the media progresses via the vas vasorum, and also, there is a possibility of spreading directly. From the intima to the media, inflammation spreads directly. However, formation of aneurysms and destruction of the vascular architecture of the aorta were absent in this study, unlike in coronary arteries.

Laparoscopic Appendectomy with a Single Incision in a Single Institute

PurposeThe laparoscopic appendectomy has become popular for the treatment of acute appendicitis. A single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy offers better cosmesis. We present the results of single-incision laparoscopic appendectomies in our hospital as initial experience.MethodsA single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy was performed in 75 patients at The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon St. Mary's hospital. The operating time, operation type, hospital stay, surgical morbidities, and body mass index were compared.ResultsThis retrospective study revealed equal operation times in both the suppurative and the perforated appendicitis group. There was an increase in the hospital stay in the perforated appendicitis group. The postoperative complication rate was 4%, and the median operation time was 58.55 ± 31.79 minutes.ConclusionThe single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy was easy and safe procedure for treating acute appendicitis. There were no differences in degree of inflammation and body mass index.

Lidocaine via lontophoresis in laceration repair: A preliminary safety study

Iontophoresis is a painless technique for topical anesthesia that uses an electric field to drive charged ions across an epithelial surface. The safety of this technique for laceration repair has never been demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of iontophoretic fields on rapidly proliferating cells involved in laceration wound healing. The study was a prospective single-blinded animal study using a guinea pig model. Twelve guinea pigs each received four induced, uncontaminated lacerations. Each guinea pig was randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups (4 guinea pigs in each group). One group received lidocaine via iontophoresis, one group received injected lidocaine, and one group received half iontophoresis and half injected lidocaine. After anesthetic treatment, wounds were then repaired in a standard fashion. The wounds were examined grossly on a daily basis and on day 10 the incised skin containing the laceration was examined by a pathologist blinded to the treatment group. A total of 48 wounds were assessed for wound healing, 24 of which received lidocaine via iontophoresis and 24 lidocaine via injection. The power of the study to determine a 40% difference between the two groups was 0.8. There was significantly more granuloma and granulation tissue formation in the iontophoresis group than in the injected lidocaine control group ( P = .0004, Fisher's exact test). There were no statistically significant differences in degree of inflammation between the two groups (lidocaine via injection v lidocaine via iontophoresis) measured by amount of dermal fibrosis ( P = .14, Fisher's exact test), giant cell formation ( P = .21, Fisher's exact test), and presence of acute and/or chronic inflammation ( P = .17, Wilcoxon's rank sum test). Wound healing proceeded normally with 100% in both groups having normal scar formation and healing at day 10. In conclusion, iontophoresis appears to be a safe method of anesthesia delivery in this guinea pig model with lacerations. Increased granuloma and granulation tissue formation may indicate an enhancement of wound healing via iontophoresis.

A clinical study of the periodontal status of abutment teeth supporting swinglock removable partial dentures—A pilot study

Eleven patients wearing mandibular swinglock bilateral distal extension removable partial dentures opposing maxillary complete dentures were studied for a period up to 2 years. They had moderate to advanced periodontal disease with retrograde mobility patterns. Periodontal therapy, as well as treatment of dental carious lesions, was completed before fabrication of the prosthesis. Recordings of the gingival status, pocket depth, plaque score, tooth mobility, and dental caries were made at the time of the placement of the prosthesis and thereafter at 6-month intervals. Final results were obtained at the end of 2 years in six patients (group A) and at 1/12 years in five patients (group B). Our findings show that both groups had a statistically significant increase in gingival inflammation. However, no differences in degree of inflammation were observed between the two groups with regard to the status of gingival tissues that were covered and uncovered by the components of the swinglock removable partial denture. Also, no statistically significant differences in pocket depths and plaque scores were found between the time of placement of the swinglock removable partial denture and the final recall visit. Of the 61 abutment teeth, 85.2% had no significant change in mobility, 11.5% showed a substantial decrease in mobility, and 3.3% showed a considerable increase in mobility. The patients were able to successfully wear the swinglock removable partial denture without clinically significant changes in the supporting structures of the abutment teeth. This report is part of an ongoing study to determine the efficacy of swinglock removable partial dentures.

ACUTE SURGICAL PAROTIDITIS

Under the title surgical may be grouped all acute inflammations of the parotid gland except that occurring in mumps. The condition has been written about under many other names. It should not be called secondary parotiditis, for it occurs also as a primary disease. The names septic, gangrenous, suppurative, phlegmonous or necrotic describe only various phases of the one disease—differences in degree of inflammation. Postoperative is no more appropriate than postpneumonic, since the disease occurs after a great number of other conditions—Custer enumerated some twenty-five, and the same disease occurs in those otherwise healthy (Nicol). It has been called sympathetic parotiditis because it was known to occur after injuries to the testicle and sometimes after even slight operations on the genitourinary tract, e. g., passing of a sound, placing of a pessary or catheterization of the bladder (Paget). Later, when surgeons began to operate in the abdomen,