Differences In Coping Strategies Research Articles

Addressing Environmental Factors for SDG 3-Health and Wellbeing: Perceived Stress, Sleep Quality, and Coping among Medical Students in Pakistan

The objective of this study was to investigate the interplay between perceived stress, sleep quality, and coping mechanisms among medical students, with a view to understand their implications for Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3) - "Good Health and Well-being," and considering environmental factors. Conducted as a cross-sectional study and 300 medical university students (152 men, 148 women), aged 18 to 25 years (mean age = 22.73, SD = 1.78), were selected using stratified random sampling based on their academic year. The study employed the Perceived Stress Scale, General Sleep Scale, and Brief COPE to assess the study variables. The results revealed gender differences in coping strategies, with female students exhibiting higher scores in avoidant and emotion-focused coping, while male students leaned towards problem-focused coping. Notably, perceived stress and avoidant coping emerged as significant predictors of poor sleep quality (p<.05) among the participants. This study found significant relationship among use of green spaces, stress, sleep quality, and coping strategies among medical students, aligning with SDG 3's objective of ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all. Furthermore, while the study did not directly address environmental factors, it indirectly emphasizes the importance of creating conducive environments for health and well-being. Environmental considerations such as access to green spaces and a healthy physical environment can influence individuals' stress levels and sleep quality, contributing to holistic health outcomes. Given these findings, the study recommends that counseling centers in universities develop strategies for managing students' stress and sleep quality, while promoting healthy coping skills. By addressing these factors comprehensively, universities can contribute to enhancing students' psychological well-being and advancing progress towards SDG 3 and create sustainable and healthy environments, as outlined in SDG 13 (Climate Action), to complement initiatives focused on fostering sustainable environments conducive to health and well-being.

First-Year Students’ Challenges and Coping Strategies in Public and Private Universities in Osun State, Nigeria

The current study examined the challenges faced by first-year students in public and private universities in Osun State. It also examined the coping strategies of first-year students in public and private universities in the state. It further determined if any differences exist in challenges between public and private university students in the study area; it also determined differences in coping strategies between public and private university students in Osun State. These were to provide information on first-year students’ challenges and strategies for overcoming them. The research design for the study was descriptive survey research design. The study population entailed all first-year students in the public university of Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, and a private university, Oduduwa University, Ile-Ife, Osun State. Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were employed to select 200 respondents from the public university and 150 respondents from the private university among first-year students. A self-developed questionnaire titled First-Year Student Challenges and Coping Strategies Questionnaire (FYSCCSQ), which was comprised of four sections, was used to obtain data from the sample. The instrument was validated using face and content validity, and an Alpha Coefficient reliability of .85 was obtained. Data collected were analyzed using frequency counts, simple percentages, and inferential statistics such as independent t-tests. The results showed no significant differences in challenges between public and private first-year students with (t = .51) and no significant differences in coping strategies between public and private first-year students with (t = .268). The study concluded that first-year students in public and private universities encountered myriads of challenges (Academic, Social, Cultural, and economic), with academic challenges being the prevalent challenge, followed by social, cultural, and minor economic challenges in both public and private universities.

Self-Esteem and Coping Strategies in Adolescent Cancer Patients during the Period of Illness and Follow-Up.

The importance of self-esteem during the course of oncological illness has been well-documented by some previous studies. However, data assessing its association with various coping strategies, especially considering the period of illness, are still scarce. The objective of this study is to analyze the differences in coping strategies among oncological adolescents, taking into account their self-esteem, illness period, age, and sex. A total of 201 oncological patients between the ages of 12 and 17 from three different Spanish cities were included in this study. All of them were asked to answer a tailored questionnaire, encompassing information about age, sex, and illness period. Additionally, the coping strategies were measured using the ACS scale, while self-esteem was evaluated using the SENA questionnaire. The results demonstrated that male adolescents and older individuals exhibited higher levels of self-esteem. The main coping strategies associated with higher self-esteem were "ignore the problem", "focus on positive", "physical recreation", and "wishful thinking" both during the treatment and the follow-up phases. We conclude that higher self-esteem is associated with some of the coping strategies such as "focus on positive", "ignore the problem", and "wishful thinking". Sociodemographic variables influence the relationship between self-esteem and coping strategies, but no differences were found regarding the period of illness.

Comparison of changes in stress coping strategies between cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy.

Coping refers to conscious responses to negative circumstances, with the intention of ameliorating these situations. Few studies have compared the differences between psychotherapy and medication treatment for coping strategies for depression. In this study, we investigated the differences in coping strategies between cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with medication (CBT group) and medication alone (pharmacotherapy group) among outpatients with depression. A prospective observational study was conducted among 50 patients with major depression (24 and 26 in the CBT and pharmacotherapy groups, respectively). Stress coping strategies (Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations [CISS]) and depression severity (Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition [BDI-II]) were assessed at baseline and 16 weeks later. Changes in the CISS and BDI-II scores in both groups were tested using repeated analysis of variance. Inverse probability weighting with propensity score analysis was applied to address potential selection bias. At 16 weeks, the CBT group exhibited increased CISS task-oriented coping, distraction, and social diversion scores, which differed from those of the pharmacotherapy group. The CBT group exhibited a significantly greater reduction in depressive symptoms than the pharmacotherapy group. This study was not a randomized controlled trial and thus may have selection bias. Gaining adaptive coping skills, including task-oriented coping, distraction, and social diversion skills, by combining CBT with medication may lead to greater improvement in depression symptoms. These findings suggest that clinicians should evaluate coping strategies and facilitate the acquisition of adaptive coping strategies in patients with depression to reduce their symptoms.

Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress along with Coping Strategy and Work-related Sense of Coherence in Anesthesia Care Providers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract Background: Numerous studies have reported the prevalence of psychological issues in anesthesia professionals during stressful situations like the COVID-19 pandemic; however, there are limited data exploring the coping strategies and work satisfaction in this workforce during the pandemic. Methodology: In this observational cross-sectional study, three validated questionnaires, namely, the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21, the Brief-Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced inventory, and the Work-related Sense of Coherence (Work-SoC) scale, were handed out to 150 anesthesia health-care providers (doctors and allied health staff [AHS]). The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress; Work-SoC conditions; and coping strategies were compared between groups of participants based on age (<30 years vs. ≥30 years), gender (males vs. females), and occupation (doctors vs. AHS). Results: Participants aged <30 years reported more depression (P = 0.0134) and stress (P = 0.0453) compared to participants aged ≥30 years. Younger participants used emotion-focused and avoidant coping styles, whereas older participants used coping styles that were emotion focused and problem focused. Similarly, a problem-focused coping style was observed frequently among both doctors and AHS. Work-SoC assessment showed that younger participants (P = 0.0088) and more AHS respondents (P = 0.000) attributed poor meaningfulness, but doctors reported poor comprehensibility (P = 0.058) to their working conditions. Conclusion: Younger professionals were more susceptible to stress and depression during the pandemic. Similar to AHS, they perceived work conditions as unrewarding and less meaningful. Doctors perceived working conditions as unmanageable, unpredictable, and unstructured. There were age-related differences in coping strategies where older adults engaged in more proactive coping.

Patterns of individual differences in coping strategies: Criterion profile analysis of open coping strategies data

This study investigates coping strategies and their intricate relationship with covariates, focusing on their nuanced impact of pattern or level effects on crucial psychological variables, including resilience, well-being, life satisfaction, and depression. Existing literature has primarily examined the relationship between coping styles and such variables through individual linear analyses, which may dissimulate configural effects. To address this gap, the research employs criterion profile analysis (CPA; Davison & Davenport, 2002) on four preexisting datasets, (179 ≤ n ≤ 2078). CPA decomposes OLS regression into level effects and pattern effects, permitting the identification of patterns of predictors strongly associated with specific criteria. The findings underscore the significance of considering not only the level but also the patterns of coping strategies when predicting various psychological outcomes, providing valuable insights for enhancing our understanding of mental health promotion.

Correlation between personality traits and coping strategies of young adults in India

The present work aims to investigate the correlation between personality traits and coping strategies among young adults in India. Correlational and ex-post facto research designs were employed on a sample of 126 young adults (61 males and 65 females) between 18 to 35 years old. Personality traits and coping strategies were measured using NEO five-factor inventory and coping strategies. It was hypnotized that (a) There will be a significant correlation between personality traits and coping strategies of young adults. (b) There will be significant differences in coping strategies between young adult males and females. (c) There will be a significant difference in personality traits between young adult males and females. The data was analyzed using Pearson correlation and t-tests. Results demonstrated a significant correlation between the two variables. Additionally, a significant difference between males and females has been found in behavior avoidance coping strategies and personality traits of openness and agreeableness.

المحاكمة العقلية لدى طلبة مدارس المتميزين واقرانهم العاديين

(mental judgment among distinguished school students and their ordinary peers) 1- The mental trial of the distinguished school students and their ordinary peers 2- Significance of differences in mental trial among students of distinguished schools and their ordinary peers according to the variables of gender (male - female), grade (second - fifth) and school (distinguished - normal) current research may be limited to students of the second intermediate grade and the fifth preparatory grade in the schools of the distinguished and their ordinary peers of the General Directorate of Diwaniyah Education for the year (2021-2022). To achieve the objectives of the research, the researcher took: 1- The researcher adopted the mental trial scale (Ibrahim 2020), which is based on the theory of Sternberg 1990 (Sternberg) and it was in the form of verbal attitudes distributed over (7) domains, and the scale was corrupted in its final form and after completing the psychometric properties: Honesty (apparent honesty / construction honesty) and stability (Alpha - Cronbach equation) includes (26) positions To complement this, the researcher applied the two scales to a sample of (650) students in the schools affiliated to the General Directorate of Education for Qadisiyah, which were chosen by the stratified random method according to the proportional method. After collecting and processing data statistically using the Statistical Portfolio for Social Sciences (SPSS), the research reached a number of results, including: 1- All coping strategies were statistically significant among the distinguished school students and their peers and normal peers, except for the emotional control and control strategy. 2- The differences in coping strategies were not statistically significant between the variable of the school (distinguished - normal), while it was a function between the variable of gender towards females, as well as the grade was a function towards the fifth grade 3- An indication of the distinction of middle school students, whether in regular schools or schools of excellence in mental trial 4- There are statistically significant differences in the mental trial between the gender variable towards females, as well as between the grade variable towards the fifth grade, while these differences were not statistically significant between the school variable Key words: mental judgment among distinguished school students and their ordinary peers

Differences in Coping Strategies Across Ages and Genders: A Systematic Review

This review started from the general background and introduced the pressure that people of different genders and ages may face and is a part of the currently known research on gender and age. However, this part of the research was mainly conducted for students of specific majors, and the broader and general research were temporarily blank. Therefore, this study took gender and age as the subject and hoped to discuss the roles of these two factors in coping strategies, namely whether there were differences and whether they were interrelated. Then, a brief introduction was made to the research methods and data screening. After that, the definition, main categories and commonly used questionnaire methods of coping strategies were mentioned in this study. Then the empirical studies after 2000 were analyzed from gender and age, and conclusions were drawn and discussed based on the data. In the end, the author expected to provide useful information and reference for future research from the limitations of this study and inspiration for the future.

Coping und vegetative Reaktivität bei Aderhautmelanomen

Summary Background We aimed to assess coping and vegetative reactivity in uveal melanoma (UM) patients compared to controls with benign nevi of the uvea. Material and methods In total, 20 patients with recently diagnosed uveal melanoma were recruited and matched for age and gender to 20 controls with benign nevi of the uvea. Heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure variability (BPV) were monitored throughout an initial period of rest (POR1), a mental stress test (DT), and another period of rest (POR2). Coping strategies were assessed for both groups using a stress-coping questionnaire. Results The LF/HF ratio (low-/high-frequency component of total spectral power) of HRV showed decreasing values in the UM group and increasing values in controls throughout the measurement sequence (p = 0.025). Diastolic BPV revealed declining values of the low-frequency component in normalized units (LFnu) between POR1 and DT in UM patients compared to rising values between POR1 and DT in controls (p = 0.006). There were no intergroup differences in coping strategies (p > 0.05). Conclusions Coping mechanisms are unaltered in patients with uveal melanoma compared to controls, but vegetative reactivity may show a different pattern once patients are diagnosed.

A community-based cross-sectional study on stressors and gender differences in coping strategies among primary caregivers of cardiovascular disease in the capital city of India, New Delhi

Apart from the impact on mortality rates, CVDs often present as chronic conditions, adding to the stress of caregiving to their caregivers. Males and females cope differently with the stressors in general. In this study, we aim to investigate the gender-based variations in coping strategies among primary caregivers of individuals with CVD.: A sample size of 384 households was selected using systematic random sampling for the study and household was the primary sampling unit. The information was collected regarding the stressors and various coping strategies utilized by primary caregivers to navigate different stressors. Out of the total 384 caregivers, stressors were found in 347 caregivers who were then studied for coping strategies. Among primary caregivers, the proportion of women (58%) was more than men (42%)Planful problem-solving (85.9%) was found to be the most commonly preferred coping strategy among both genders, with no significant association. Among other problem-oriented coping strategies, men caregivers reported using confrontive coping more frequently. While assessing emotion-focused coping strategies, Accepting responsibility (77.5%), Self-controlling (68.9%), Positive appraisal strategy (61.4%) and Distancing (36.3%) were found more likely to be adopted by women. Seeking social support (69%), both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies were found more among women caregivers.By implementing gender-sensitive approaches, we can better support caregivers and help them navigate the challenges of caregiving for individuals with cardiovascular diseases.

Differences in coping strategies of managers and employees of organizations in war conditions and their relationship with mental health

On the basis of empirical research, it was established that there are statistically significant differences between managers and employees of organizations regarding the use of coping strategies in war conditions (managers prevail over employees regarding the use of an active and productive coping strategy «task-solving orientation», however, employees prevail over managers regarding the use of passive and unproductive coping strategy «focus on emotions»). It was also found that various coping strategies are differently related to the components of mental health of managers, leaders and employees: a) coping strategies «task-solving orientation» and «social distraction» have a «positive status» (because they contribute to strengthening most components of mental health, both in managers and employees of organizations); b) the coping strategy «orientation on emotions» has a «negative» status (because it leads to a decrease in many components of mental health, both in managers and in employees); c) coping strategies «avoidance» and «distraction» have an «ambivalent» status (since they affect the mental health of managers and employees in different ways).

End-of-Life Care Stress and Stress Coping Strategy among Home Health Care Advanced Practice Nurses

Purpose: This study examined how to cope with end-of-life care stress of home health care advanced practice nurses (APN), and determined the correlation between end of-life care stress and coping strategies. Methodology: The research tool used end-of-life care stress, and stress-coping strategy. The collected data used real numbers and percentages, mean and standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson's correlation using the SPSS 25.0 program. Results: The end-of-life nursing stress of home health care APN was high, and problem-oriented coping strategies were used more. There was no significant difference in end-of-life nursing stress according to the general characteristics of home health care APN. On the other hand, there was a difference in coping strategies. There was a significant positive correlation between end-of-life nursing stress and emotion-oriented stress-coping strategies. Conclusions: home health care APN are experiencing high, death care stress. Education and program development are needed to assist them with their end-of-life nursing stress.

A comparative study of work-family balance between male and female academic staff of selected universities in Osun State Nigeria

Maintaining a healthy balance between one's professional and family roles is a growing difficulty for both employees and employers. This study is a comparative study of work-family balance between male and female academic staff of selected universities in Osun state. It was aimed at understanding the significant relationship between work-related experiences and work-family balance among male and female academic staff. A systematically random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Statistical methods such as percentages, means, standard deviations and regression analysis were used for the study. The findings indicated that the differences in coping strategies and the ability to maintain a healthy work-family balance between male and female academic staff at both universities were not statistically significant. In other words, male academics employed a smaller number of techniques than their female counterparts. It was recommended that universities implement institutional policies in order to demonstrate their commitment to creating a family- and worker-friendly environment.

Age-Related Differences on Psychological Distress Levels and Coping Strategies Due to COVID-19 among Nairobi Residents

The study sought to establish whether there are age differences in the coping strategies and psychological distress levels among Nairobi Residents due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This was necessitated by a paucity of scholarly studies that have examined age differences in psychological coping strategies and levels of distress due to the pandemic. Two tools of assessment were used for data collection; the Brief Cope inventory and the COVID-19 Related Psychological Distress (CORPD) for healthy people. An ex post facto research design was used to survey 356 Nairobi residents. Data were analyzed through the application of descriptive statistics and inferential analysis. The results show that there were significant statistical differences between age and psychological coping strategies (p-value=.001) but no significant statistical differences between age and psychological distress levels (p-value=.514). The study thus recommends that the residents of Nairobi be educated on active coping strategies, self-distraction, planning and venting to enable them to reduce psychological distress that may accrue out of the fear, anxiety, and suspicion related to the COVID-19 pandemic

Strategies for coping with stress in mothers of children with atopic dermatitis - a cross-sectional study.

Our previous study showed that the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children significantly correlates with the quality of life and perceived stress in their mothers. To compare strategies for coping with stress in mothers of children with and without AD, as well as to investigate the relationship between coping strategies of mothers of affected children and AD variables, stress intensity, and quality of life. The study included 88 mothers of children with AD and 57 mothers of children without AD as controls. The severity of skin lesions in children with AD was assessed by the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) index, and skin itch was evaluated by the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). All mothers completed the sociodemographic questionnaire (SD), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (COPE) scale. Additionally, mothers of children with AD filled out the Family Dermatology Life Quality Index (FDLQI). There were no statistically significant differences in coping strategies between the groups. However, there were significant correlations between the selected coping strategies and AD severity, perceived stress of mothers, and quality of life of the entire family of affected children. Although mothers of children with AD experience higher levels of stress compared with mothers of children without AD, the disease does not change coping strategies. Psychological support for mothers of children with AD should be oriented toward strengthening cognitive coping strategies.

Study on stressors and gender differences in coping strategies among primary caregivers of cardiovascular disease

Study on stressors and gender differences in coping strategies among primary caregivers of cardiovascular disease

Behavioral flexibility impacts on coping and emotional responses in male mice submitted to social defeat stress

Behavioral flexibility permits the appropriate behavioral adjustments in response to changing environmental demands. The present study aimed to evaluate if variability in baseline flexibility can enable differences in coping strategies, changes in neuroplasticity, and behavioral outcomes in responses to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Male C57BL6 mice were submitted to the Morris Water Maze (MWM) using an extended protocol for reversal learning to assess. The animals were divided into low and high behavioral flexibility groups based on their performance on the last day of acquisition versus the four days of reversal learning. The CSDS was applied for ten consecutive days, and coping strategies were evaluated during the physical interaction on the first and last day of stress. A battery of behavioral tests to assess social and emotional behavior was conducted 24 h after the CSDS protocol. The complexity of prefrontal cortex (PFC) neuronal morphology was evaluated by the Golgi-Cox method. Animals with High Flexibility exhibited changes in their CSDS coping strategies, from active to passive coping, during the CSDS protocol. Low Flexibility mice had no alterations in the coping strategies during CSDS. After social stress, High Flexibility was associated with reduced social interaction with an aggressive Swiss mouse, higher latency to immobility in the tail suspension test, and reduced latency to self-care in the sucrose splash test. High Flexibility mice also displayed higher dendritic complexity on pyramidal neurons from the prelimbic and infralimbic prefrontal cortex compared to Low Flexibility mice. These results suggest That High Flexibility is associated with increased neuroplasticity in cortical areas and better emotional responses related to behavioral despair and motivation. However, exposure to CSDS reversed the beneficial effects of High Flexibility in male mice. Thus, this study suggests that baseline variability in behavioral flexibility, even in inbred strains, might be associated with differences in coping strategies, PFC morphology, and behavioral responses to social stress.

Gender Differences in Coping Strategies of Elite Athletes During Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic has been recognised as a strong, uncontrollable stressor, increasing the risk of developing mental health problems. Elite athletes are a population at heightened risk of developing mental health problems, therefore identifying effective coping strategies is crucial. There is limited research exploring coping strategies employed by male and female athletes during the Covid-19 pandemic. Seventy athletes (67 per cent female) took part in an online survey containing closed and open-ended questions exploring changes to wellbeing and coping strategies employed during the Covid-19 pandemic. Three key themes were generated: Adaptation is the key to survival; Walk, sleep, rest, repeat; and Support seeking. Both genders used adaptive strategies, social support, and distraction strategies comparably. Female athletes used mindfulness practice techniques more than males. Such gender differences may offer coaches/sports psychologists useful information to tailor their provision of support for athletes and maximise coping ability.

Coping Strategies Among Indonesian College Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic

Introduction: Several steps have been taken to reduce opportunities for spreading diseases COVID-19. Coping strategies are the main tool individuals use to minimize situations that are considered dangerous. College students cannot use coping strategies that are typically done outside, due to the limitations of lockdown in their respective areas. The aim of this study was to identify differences in coping strategies used by students during the pandemic in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Method: A cross-sectional survey approach was conducted among Indonesian college students. The data for the study were collected from students acquiring education at public/private Universities/Academies/Institutes spread throughout West Kalimantan Province in Indonesia. The sample size was 663 students, and the sampling strategies used a snowball technique. The Brief-COPE inventory was used to measure coping strategies. Results: The majority of the 663 students used adaptive coping (41.94 ±8.641). The mean score was highest for emotional support (6.44 ± 1.430) and active coping (6.10 ± 1.467), followed by religion (6.00 ± 1.394), with the lowest score for substance use (4.24 ± 1.368). We did not found significant differences between the sociodemographic subgroups except gender on subscales for religion, active cope, emotional support, and substance. Conclusion: Adaptive coping is more widely used by students in maintaining mental health than maladaptive coping. There were high scores on the subscales measuring the use of emotional support, active coping, and religion. Although many students use positive coping, students who use maladaptive coping need intervention from the campus, such as by providing online counseling services.