Differences In Behavior Problems Research Articles

Differences in behavior problems and academic achievement between students with and without health impairments in Ethiopia

Differences in behavior problems and academic achievement between students with and without health impairments in Ethiopia

The psychosocial status of siblings and mothers of children with cancer from the perspective of mothers

Aims: In the low/middle income countries (LMIC), a few of health centers provide psychological support to siblings and mothers of children with cancer. The aim of study was to draw attention to psychosocial status of siblings and mothers of children with cancer in a LMIC.
 Methods: The study was a case-control study which was conducted at a tertiary center in Mersin, Turkey. The sample consisted of two groups as follows; siblings of children with cancer (n=39) were included as study group and children without cancer diagnosis in family (n=49) were included as control group. Behavioral problems of the children were evaluated with the Child Behavior Checklist 4-18. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS) were used for maternal depressive symptoms and maternal perceived social support.
 Results: In contrast to what was expected, there was no statistical difference in behavioral problems among two groups. Maternal BDI was higher and MSPSS was lower in the study group compared to the control group. Study group had more school difficulties such as absenteeism (p

Measuring Behavior Problems in Children from Low-Income Families: A Rasch Analysis of the Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½–5

The Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1.5–5 (CBCL/1½ –5) has been widely used by researchers and clinicians in the field of special education and psychology. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the CBCL/1½-5 with a sample of preschool children from low-income families using the Rasch model. Participants included 244 children enrolled in a Head Start program. Findings suggested that both the Internalizing and Externalizing subscales are unidimensional and demonstrated local independence successfully, after misfit items were removed to fit the Rasch model. Both subscales operated well with high item reliability and low to medium person reliability, indicating that both subscales have stable item difficulty orders from sample to sample but weaker capacity to distinguish children with mild problem behaviors from those with more severe problems. Differential item functioning was found for a few items across child gender. Considering the length of the item sets, it is appropriate to use the subscale scores to compare the differences in problem behaviors between boys and girls. Overall, the CBCL/1½ –5 has adequate psychometric properties for detecting problem behaviors in preschool children from low-income families. Implications were discussed.

Gender Differences in Behavioral Problems in Child Victims of Sexual Abuse: Contribution of Self-Blame of the Parent and Child

ABSTRACT The consequences associated with child sexual abuse are well known. However, factors exacerbating child behavior problems following sexual abuse (SA) deserve further attention. Self-blame following the abuse has been identified as a predictor of negative outcomes in adult survivors, however there is limited evidence regarding the impact of self-blame on consequences in child victims of sexual abuse. This study assessed behavioral problems in a sample of sexually abused children and tested the mediating role of children’s internal blame attributions in the association between the parent’s self-blame and the internalizing and externalizing difficulties of the child. A sample of 1066 sexually abused children between 6 and 12 years of age and their non-offending caregiver completed self-report questionnaires. Parents completed questionnaires related to the child’s behavior following the SA and their own feelings of self-blame regarding the SA. Children completed a questionnaire assessing their level of self-blame. Results showed that parents’ self-blame was associated with a higher level of self-blame in the child which, in turn, was linked to more child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. In addition, parents’ self-blame was directly associated with a higher level of internalizing difficulties in children. These findings underscore the importance of considering the non-offending parent’s self-blame in interventions aiming the recovery of child victims of SA.

Profiles and Predictors of Physical Abuse and Behavior Problems in Chinese Preschool-Aged Children

ABSTRACT Physical abuse is one subtype of child abuse and it has been a worldwide public health issue for its detrimental effects on child development, profiles, predictors, and its relation with behavior problems need further exploration, particularly in Chinese children. This study attempts to explore profiles and predictors of physical abuse and to examine differences in behavior problems in profiles of physical abuse. A total of 900 caregivers whose children aged 4 to 6 years were recruited in which the data were collected with caregiver-reported questionnaires, and latent profile analysis was used to perform data analysis. Research Findings: Children were divided into three profiles: profiles of extremely low levels of physical abuse, low levels of physical abuse, and moderate levels of physical abuse; child gender and family income predicted classifications of profiles. Internalizing and externalizing problems were different based on profiles, specifically, externalizing problems in the profile of moderate levels of physical abuse were significantly higher than any other profile; internalizing problems in the profile of low levels of physical abuse were significantly higher than the profile of extremely low levels of physical abuse. Practice or Policy: Preventions for physical abuse should take individual differences, such as children’s gender, into consideration.

Early intervention of language and behavior in monolingual and bilingual preschoolers with Developmental Language Disorders

In the present study, we investigated Dutch language and behavior progress in monolingual and bilingual preschoolers with developmental language disorders (DLD). All were enrolled in an early intervention program targeting language and communication in interaction. Following a pretest–posttest design, 100 monolingual children (MAGE = 3;5) and 50 bilingual children (MAGE = 3;6) were tested on receptive and expressive vocabulary, language comprehension, and sentence production in Dutch as L1 versus L2. Pedagogical therapists rated children's internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems before and after the intervention. Results showed that monolingual and bilingual children improved their Dutch language abilities during the intervention, with no increase in behavioral problems. Bilingual children obtained lower Dutch language scores than monolingual peers. There was no evidence for differences in behavior problems between the groups. Furthermore, for both groups, better receptive vocabulary abilities, less progress in expressive vocabulary, and greater progress in language comprehension and sentence production during the intervention were related to fewer internalizing behaviors after the intervention. We conclude that strengthening Dutch language development during the intervention may also prevent the occurrence of internalizing behavioral problems in both monolingual and bilingual children with DLD.

Age-related differences in behavioral problems betweenshy adults and shy children.

Although both concurrent and longitudinal relations between shyness and behavioral problems are well-established in childhood, there is relatively less work exploring these associations in emerging adulthood. In addition, age-related differences in the strength of these relations in child and adult samples have not been fully explored within the same study. We collected measures of shyness, internalizing and externalizing behaviors, and social problems in a sample of 94 typically developing 6-year-old children (50 female; Mage = 78.3months, SD = 3.1months) and 775 undergraduate students (633 female, Mage = 18.2years, SD = 0.9years) from parent-reported and self-reported questionnaires, respectively. Shyness interacted with age in predicting internalizing behaviors and social problems, but not externalizing behaviors. Specifically, shyness was concurrently and positively related to internalizing and social problems in young adulthood, but this relation was not found in childhood. Findings are discussed in terms of developmental consequences of shyness across the lifespan and limitations of relying on ratings from different informants when examining age-related differences.

Sex moderated and RSA mediated effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on behavior problems at age 7

This study was designed to assess whether prenatal cocaine exposure (PCE) is associated with sex differences in behavior problems in middle childhood and whether there are sex differences in the way in which parasympathetic functioning mediates the relations between PCE and behavior problems within a diverse low-income sample. Participants included 164 high risk mother-child dyads including 89 PC exposed children and 75 control children participating in an ongoing longitudinal study. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was measured to assess parasympathetic functioning at 13 months of age and maternal reports of child behavior problems were collected at 7 years of age. Results revealed no significant association between PCE and behavior problems for the full sample. A 2 × 2 Anova revealed a significant interaction between PCE and child sex on internalizing, externalizing, and total behavior problems (F (3, 160) = 13.45, p < .001) with cocaine exposed females averaging the highest behavior problem scores. Results also revealed a statistically significant indirect effect linking cocaine exposure to lower externalizing problems via lower baseline RSA among males. Findings indicate that cocaine exposed females may be more vulnerable to developing behavior problems than cocaine exposed males and that high baseline RSA may present a sex specific risk factor for externalizing problems among exposed males.

Treatment Response Distinguishes Persistent Type of Methamphetamine Psychosis From Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder Among Inmates at Japanese Medical Prison.

Introduction: Persistent methamphetamine-associated psychosis (pMAP) is a disorder similar to schizophrenia, so much so that the differences in clinical symptoms and treatment response between the two remain unknown. In this study, we compared the features of pMAP with those of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD).Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective quasi-experimental case-control study of inmates in a medical prison. The behavioral problems, clinical symptoms, and chlorpromazine (CP)-equivalent doses of 24 patients with pMAP and 27 with SSD were compared.Results: Patients in the pMAP group were hospitalized for fewer days than those in the SSD group (281.5 vs. 509.5; p = 0.012), but there were no other significant group differences in behavioral problems or clinical symptoms. The pMAP group received fewer antipsychotics in CP-equivalent doses than the SSD group at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after admission and at the time of discharge (p = 0.018, 0.001, 0.007, and 0.023, respectively). The number of CP-equivalent doses in the SSD group tended to increase after admission, but not in the pMAP group.Discussion: These findings suggest that differentiation between pMAP and SSD based on behavior and symptoms alone may be difficult, and that patients with pMAP may respond better to treatment with a lower dose of antipsychotic medication than those with SSD. Further confirmatory studies are warranted.

Verbal Ability, Behavior Problems, and Mother-Child Relationship Quality in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

This study examined differences in mother-child relationship quality and parent-rated child behavior problems based on child verbal status (i.e., minimally verbal versus verbal) in mothers and their adolescent and adult children with autism spectrum disorder (n = 219 dyads; child Mage = 25.38years, SD = 10.22). Relationship quality was assessed via parent-reported maternal burden and mother-child closeness, and coded speech samples ascertaining maternal critical and positive remarks regarding the child. Groups did not differ in relationship quality. The verbal group was more likely to display disruptive and socially inappropriate behaviors, but otherwise the groups did not differ in behavior problems. Verbal status moderated the relationship between behavior problems and negative (maternal burden, critical remarks) but not positive (mother-child closeness, positive remarks) aspects of relationship quality.

Gender Influence on severe Mental Disorders: Relationship between Behavior Problems and Family Burden

Gender differences in behavior problems and their relationship with family burden in severe mental disorders were analyzed. The Behavior Problems Inventory (BPI) and two items related to family burden (FB 1: “Do you feel able to endure the illness or disorder and the problems it causes?” and FB 2: “How often are you overwhelmed by these behavior/illness problems?”) were administered to 235 key informants under treatment in a community mental health unit. The results show that men presented more behavior problems and family burden, with significant differences in impulse dyscontrol and severe behavior problems. A positive correlation was found between behavior problems and family burden, where the inactivity/social withdrawal dimension was the best predictor of family load for men and women. We conclude that men have more behavior problems and that the inactivity/social withdrawal dimension has the most explanatory power for family burden in both men and women.

Does Teen Triple P Affect Parenting and the Social and Emotional Behaviours of Teenagers? A Study of the Positive Parenting Programme in the Netherlands

AbstractTriple P is a parenting programme used in the youth healthcare practice of many Dutch municipalities to support parents in raising their children. According to international research, this Australian intervention is effective for parents with children up to the age of 12. It shows positive effects on parenting skills and on the reduction of both parents' child-rearing stress and their children's behavioural and emotional problems. Our study examined the effectiveness of Teen Triple P level 4: a training programme for parents of teenagers aged 10–16. The programme included five group sessions of 1.5–2 h each, as well as three individual (phone) consultations. Through a matching procedure, 103 parents who participated in Teen Triple P were compared in a quasi-experimental study with 397 parents in a control group. Compared with the control group, parents who received the Teen Triple P training reported a significant improvement in their parental practice. Now, they are more involved with their child, more responsive to the needs of the children, and they report fewer parent–child conflicts. Some positive differences in behavioural problems among adolescents, as reported by their parents, could be found among the experimental group. These findings remained the same at the follow-up.

Systematic review and meta-analysis: relationships between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and urinary symptoms in children.

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), e.g., urinary frequency, pressure, urgency, and overactive bladder syndrome, are commonly reported in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Understanding the co-occurrence of these conditions has implications regarding clinical approaches, treatments, and improved quality of life. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the relationships between LUTS and ADHD in children. We searched for articles published between January 1990 and July 2019, in PubMed, CENTRAL, and PsycNet. Two authors independently screened all articles and extracted data. We performed random-effect meta-analyses for ADHD with pooled outcomes for LUTS. We identified 119 relevant articles in the literature and 18 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the systematic review, of which, 5 articles had sufficient data for meta-analysis. Examining ADHD among individuals with LUTS, the odds ratio was 2.99 (95% CI 1.13, 7.88, p < 0.001), compared to controls. In multiple studies, the mean overall score for LUTS, using a standardized measure, was significantly higher in patients with ADHD in comparison to controls, and the severity of ADHD was positively associated with the severity of LUTS. Younger age in children was correlated with a higher LUTS score. Different subtypes of urinary incontinence demonstrated differences in behavioral problems and psychiatric comorbidity. Sex differences in LUTS were not consistent across articles. Our results indicate clinically significant associations between ADHD and LUTS in children. Because LUTS and ADHD are common disorders in children, clinicians should be aware of these associations as they inform optimal assessment and treatment strategies.

Adolescents’ behavior problems based on combination of motivational system and perceived maternal parenting: A person-centered approach by gender

In the present cross-sectional study, we examined the combination profiles derived from latent profile analysis (LPA) using BIS/BAS as well as maternal parenting behavior as indicators in accounting for behavior problems in a sample of 801 Korean adolescents (406 females, 395 males). Furthermore, we examined whether the derived latent profiles demonstrate similarities across gender and behavior problems and latent profile characteristics were compared. For both female and male adolescents, a majority of the sample was classified in the ‘Sociable and Parental Support’ profile characterized by moderate BIS/BAS combined with maternal parental support and low psychological control and they demonstrated good adjustment. Significant difference in behavior problems was not found between male adolescents in the ‘Moderately Shy and Parental Control’ profile and the ‘Unsociable and Parental Indifference’ profile despite the heterogeneity in motivational system and maternal parenting behavior. For female adolescents, a combination of high BIS/BAS and high psychological control (‘High Shy and Parental Control’) was associated with significant behavior problems. However, female adolescents in the ‘Unsociable and Parental Monitoring’ profile did not exhibit significantly more behavior problems compared to females in the ‘Sociable and Parental Support’ profile. The present study indicates that the combination profile based on the motivational system and maternal parenting behavior differ depending on adolescent gender and that latent profile characteristics associated with more behavior problems also differ depending on gender.

The Effect of the Low FODMAP Diet on Gastrointestinal Symptoms, Behavioral Problems and Nutrient Intake in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial.

Some research suggests that GI symptoms seen in children with ASD may relate to behavior problems. The objective of this pilot study was to assess the effect of the low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAP) diet on GI and behavioral problems in children with ASD. At follow-up, the low FODMAP diet group had significant relief in some GI problems compared with both baseline in the group and control group. At baseline and at follow-up, there were no significant differences in behavioral problems between the low FODMAP diet group and the control group. Randomized controlled studies including larger sample sizes are needed to confirm the effects of low FODMAP diets in children with autism who have gastrointestinal problems.

Racial and Ethnic Differences in Behavioral Problems and Medication Use Among Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders.

We examined racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of behavioral problems measured by the Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL), sleep disturbances measured by the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), and medication use among children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). We analyzed data from the Autism Treatment Network (ATN) dataset for 2,576 children ages 6 to 18 years of age diagnosed with ASD. Multivariable logistic regression accounting for age, gender, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th Edition - Text Revision), diagnosis (Autistic Disorder, PDD-NOS, Asperger's Disorder), and parents' education did not show any racial or ethnic differences in behavioral challenges, conduct problems, or sleep disturbances for any of the groups, but Black children had lower odds of Total Problem Behaviors and Asian children had lower odds of Hyperactivity compared to White children. As a group, children from racial and ethnic minorities had lower odds of Total Problem Behaviors and Conduct Problems compared to White children. Hispanic children had lower odds of medication use for Behavioral Challenges, Total Problem Behaviors, Hyperactivity, and Conduct Problems. Asian children had lower odds of medication use for Behavioral Challenges, Total Problem Behaviors, and Hyperactivity; and had close to lower odds in medication use for Conduct Problems. Black children had lower odds for medication use for Total Problem Behaviors only. As a group, children from racial and ethnic minorities had lower odds for medication use for Behavioral Challenges, Total Problem Behaviors, Hyperactivity, and Conduct problems, but not for Sleep Disturbances. While these results are consistent with previous studies showing that White children are significantly more likely to receive psychotropic medication compared to children from racial and ethnic minority groups, we found no such differences for sleep challenges, suggesting that they are more consistently identified and equitably treated than other behavioral problems associated with ASD. We draw upon Andersen's (1995) Behavioral Model of Healthcare Use to suggest predisposing, enabling, and needs factors that may contribute to this pattern of racial and ethnic differences in the use of medications among children ASD.

잠재 프로파일 분석을 활용한 유아의 기질 유형화 및 유형별 행동문제와 또래 놀이행동의 차이

잠재 프로파일 분석을 활용한 유아의 기질 유형화 및 유형별 행동문제와 또래 놀이행동의 차이

Socioemotional Characteristics of Children With and Without Learning Disabilities

The purpose of the study was to characterize the relationships between behavior problems, academic achievement, and loneliness of students in the upper and lower thirds of a social skills classification. Participants were 733 students (359 boys and 374 girls) ages 9 to 14 years, 642 without learning disabilities (LDs) and 91 with LDs. Their homeroom teacher rated their social skills, and accordingly the upper and lower thirds of social skills scores were determined. Results showed differences in behavior problems between the low and high social skills groups. Boys displayed higher rates of behavior problems. Students with LDs achieved lower scores than their peers in academic achievements and higher scores in loneliness. The final model of the binary stepwise logistic regression showed that loneliness, behavior problems, and academic achievements were related to social skills, explaining 60% of the pseudo-variance (Cox &amp; Snell R2 = .60). The findings help target individual variables that can promote school adjustment.

Opportunities and peer support for aggression and delinquency during adolescence in nine countries.

This study tested culture-general and culture-specific aspects of adolescent developmental processes by focusing on opportunities and peer support for aggressive and delinquent behavior, which could help account for cultural similarities and differences in problem behavior during adolescence. Adolescents from 12 cultural groups in 9 countries (China, Colombia, Italy, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, Sweden, Thailand, and the United States) provided data at ages 12, 14, and 15. Variance in opportunities and peer support for aggression and delinquency, as well as aggressive and delinquent behavior, was greater within than between cultures. Across cultural groups, opportunities and peer support for aggression and delinquency increased from early to mid-adolescence. Consistently across diverse cultural groups, opportunities and peer support for aggression and delinquency predicted subsequent aggressive and delinquent behavior, even after controlling for prior aggressive and delinquent behavior. The findings illustrate ways that international collaborative research can contribute to developmental science by embedding the study of development within cultural contexts.

Effects of maternal use of hormonal contraception during breastfeeding: Results from a British birth cohort

ObjectiveThe impact of early hormonal contraception (HC) exposure during breastfeeding on child growth and pubertal and behavioural development was assessed using data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (Avon study). Study designThe Avon study is a prospective cohort study designed to identify environmental factors affecting child health and development (n = 14,541; delivery dates: 1 April 1991−31 December 1992). This secondary analysis was restricted to breastfed singleton infants. The main independent predictor variable was HC exposure during the first 8 weeks postpartum. Growth variables were changes from baseline in weight and height at ages 2 and 4 years. Behavioural variables were assessed at age 47 months. Pubertal development was evaluated between ages 8- and 16-years using Tanner scales. Results9508 children were breastfed during the first 4 weeks postpartum; 8927 had complete data for breastfeeding and HC exposure. Multivariate analyses demonstrated no difference in growth outcome variables between breastfed infants exposed to HC and those who were not. Similarly, no differences in behavioural problems or pubertal development were observed between the two groups. ConclusionsEarly HC exposure during breastfeeding did not appear to influence negatively child growth and development. Limitations include short-term exposure to HC, the discrepancy between the timepoints when HC intake and breastfeeding were measured and the missing data, particularly regarding growth measurements Further clinical studies are required to confirm this lack of negative impact. Implications statementGuidance on the use of HC during breastfeeding remains controversial; however, the Avon study did not detect any signal to suggest that early exposure to HC via breastfeeding has a negative impact on child growth, development or behaviour.