Differences In Anthropometric Indices Research Articles

Anthropometric Measurements in Newborns: A Comparative Study of Infants Born to Mothers With and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

Objective Fetal growth can be affected by maternal PCOS and may have an impact on offspring and childhood growth. The current findings across studies are divergent and controversial. This study aims to determine whether maternal PCOS can affect the physical measurements of newborns and to establish the differences in birth weight, length, head, and chest circumference between newborns of mothers with polycystic ovarian syndrome and those of mothers without polycystic ovarian syndrome. Methods In this study, we examined the gestational age, birth weight, length, head circumference, chest circumference, and ponderal index of 75 infants born to mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and compared them to those of 94 infants born to mothers without PCOS. Result Compared with the other groups, the PCOS group does not show significant differences in anthropometric indices compared to the control group. Infants born to normal and PCOS mothers birth weight were categorized as SGA (small for gestational age) if birth weight was less than the 5thpercentile. LGA is large for gestational age if birth weight is greater than the 90thpercentile. Other appropriate for gestational age if infant birth weight is between> 5thand < 90th percentile. Significant differences in anthropometric indices like birth weight, head circumference, and Ponderal index were observed in SGA and LGA newborns of normal and PCOS mothers. Conclusion The study findings indicate that neonates born to mothers with PCOS have higher rates of SGA and LGA newborns, and differences in anthropometric indices (birth weight, head circumference, and Ponderal index) were observed between SGA and LGA newborns of PCOS mothers.

Eating frequency has an inverse correlation with adiposity measures and non-invasive arterial stiffness parameters in healthy adult people

BackgroundLifestyle modifications have been recommended as an essential treatment approach for cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown that eating frequency (EF) correlates with hypertension and related risk of organ damage. This study aimed to examine critical clinical implications to evaluate the association of EF with arterial stiffness parameters as an early marker of atherosclerosis manifestations. MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 658 participants of the PERSIAN Organizational Cohort study in Mashhad, aged 30–70 years. Arterial stiffness was assessed by measurement markers of arteriosclerosis, including arterial age, augmentation index (AIx), augmentation pressure (AP), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (Cf-PWV), and central blood pressure. Differences in anthropometric indices, blood indices, and arterial stiffness parameters were evaluated across EF groups. ResultsOur data demonstrate that EF was positively correlated with total daily energy intake, and favourable profiles of adiposity and blood lipids. Subjects with an increased EF, had significantly lower AIx, AP, Arterial Age and Central blood pressure (P for trend<0.001) as compared to Lowest EF and not significant with PWV (P for trend, 0.19). Arterial stiffness was also significantly lower in those with increased EF compared with subjects with low EF. By Linear regression analysis, after adjustment for Confounding factors, except PWV, EF showed the associations with all of the non-invasive arterial stiffness parameters. ConclusionIncreased EF is associated with a lower wave reflection and blood pressure in the central arteries.

Eating frequency has an inverse correlation with adiposity measures and non-invasive arterial stiffness parameters in healthy adult people

BackgroundLifestyle modifications have been recommended as an essential treatment approach for cardiovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown that eating frequency (EF) correlates with hypertension and related risk of organ damage. This study aimed to examine critical clinical implications to evaluate the association of EF with arterial stiffness parameters as an early marker of atherosclerosis manifestations. MethodsA cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 658 participants of the PERSIAN Organizational Cohort study in Mashhad, aged 30–70 years. Arterial stiffness was assessed by measurement markers of arteriosclerosis, including arterial age, augmentation index (AIx), augmentation pressure (AP), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (Cf-PWV), and central blood pressure. Differences in anthropometric indices, blood indices, and arterial stiffness parameters were evaluated across EF groups. ResultsOur data demonstrate that EF was positively correlated with total daily energy intake, and favourable profiles of adiposity and blood lipids. Subjects with an increased EF, had significantly lower AIx, AP, Arterial Age and Central blood pressure (P for trend<0.001) as compared to Lowest EF and not significant with PWV (P for trend, 0.19). Arterial stiffness was also significantly lower in those with increased EF compared with subjects with low EF. By Linear regression analysis, after adjustment for Confounding factors, except PWV, EF showed the associations with all of the non-invasive arterial stiffness parameters. ConclusionIncreased EF is associated with a lower wave reflection and blood pressure in the central arteries.

Evaluation of the Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Anthropometric Indicators and Dietary Intake of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Various studies have shown that diabetes and its complications are associated with vitamin D deficiency. Due to the possible role of vitamin D in reducing the complications of diabetes and the high prevalence of its deficiency in Iran, this study was designed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on anthropometric indices and dietary intake of patients with type 2 diabetes. This randomized clinical trial (RCT) study was performed on 74 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Patients randomly divided into two groups to receive vitamin D (VD) supplementation (100 μg or 4000 IU/day) or placebo for three months, randomization was based on the permutated-block method. Anthropometric indices including body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and physical activity, dietary intake were assessed by validated methods at the beginning and end of the trial. VD supplementation had not any significant differences in anthropometric indices, dietary intake and physical activity between the two groups. Finally, it can be concluded, receiving 100 micrograms/day of VD for three months had no favourable effects on patients with T2DM.

Camel milk consumption is associated with less childhood stunting and underweight than bovine milk in rural pastoral districts of Somali, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

Undernutrition is a major global health problem. Various types of animal milk are used for feeding children at early ages; however, associations of camel milk (CaM) and bovine milk (BM) with the nutritional status of children have not been explored. A comparative community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among pre-schoolers in rural pastoral districts of Somali, Ethiopia. Children were selected from households with lactating camels or cows. Anthropometric measurements followed standard procedures for height-for-age, weight-for-age and weight-for-height scores. Independent sample t-tests identified significant differences in anthropometric indices based on the type of milk consumed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between milk consumption and other predictors of growth failures. The prevalence of stunting was 24⋅1% [95% confidence interval (CI) 20⋅5, 28⋅3] of pre-schoolers, 34⋅8% (95% CI 29⋅9, 39⋅6) were wasted and 34⋅7% (95% CI 30⋅1, 39⋅9) were underweight. Higher proportions of BM-fed children were severely stunted, wasted and underweight compared with CaM consumers. Using logistic regression models, children who consumed BM [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2⋅10; 95% CI 1⋅22, 3⋅61] and who were anaemic (AOR: 4⋅22; 95% CI 2⋅23, 7⋅98) were more likely to be stunted than their counterparts, while girls were less likely to be stunted than boys (AOR: 0⋅57; 95% CI 0⋅34, 0⋅94). Similarly, children who consumed BM (AOR: 1⋅97; 95% CI 1⋅20, 3⋅24), who were anaemic (AOR: 2⋅27; 95% CI 1⋅38, 3⋅72) and who drank unsafe water (AOR: 1⋅91; 95% CI 1⋅19, 3⋅07) were more likely to be underweight than their counterparts. In conclusion, CaM consumption was associated with lower prevalence of stunting and underweight than BM. Promoting CaM in pastoralist areas may help to curb the high level of undernutrition.

The efficacy of the prenatal administration of Lactobacillus reuteri LR92 DSM 26866 on the prevention of infantile colic: a randomized control trial.

Infantile colic is a functional gastrointestinal disease of the infancy that its cause has not yet been properly identified. It leads to severe discomfort in the infants and anxiety in their mothers. Probiotics have recently been recommended as an effective treatment for the improvement of infantile colic. The objective of this study is to determine the role of prenatal administration of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) LR92 DSM 26866 on the occurrence of infantile colic. This double-blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized trial was conducted with healthy pregnant women from December 2017 to December 2018 in Isfahan, Iran. A total of 145 patients was included in this study. The case group consisted of 87 pregnant women, who received daily doses of 1 × 108 colony-forming units of live L. reuteri LR92 DSM 26866, and the control group with 88 pregnant women received the placebo (containing 9% glucose solutions) for the last 4weeks of pregnancy. Mothers and their infants in both groups did not have significant differences in anthropometric indices, and the infants' feeding pattern. Infants born to both groups of mothers followed for 5months on signs and symptoms of colic with the repetitive examination by a blinded pediatrics assistant to record the occurrence of colic and its grading. Mothers who received placebo were 2.36 times more likely to have infants exhibiting infantile colic than mothers in the L. reuteri LR92 DSM 26866 group (CI 95%, 1.18-4.73). Using Mann-Whitney U test, the Mean (SD) of colic severity was significantly lower in the intervention group (p = 0.01). The frequency of colic and its higher grades were significantly lower in the intervention group (p = 0.03 for the presence of colic and p = 0.01 for high grades of colic). The frequency of colic presence and its different grades according to mothers' delivery mode and infant feeding patterns were not different between the two groups (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Maternal prenatal supplementation with probiotic L. reuteri LR92 DSM 26866 during the last 4weeks of pregnancy can prevent the occurrence and reduce the severity of infantile colic. What is Known • Lactobacillus reuteri LR92 DSM 26866 is effective in improving the symptoms of infantile colic. What is New • Prenatal administration of Lactobacillus Reuteri LR92 DSM 26866 can prevent the occurrence of infantile colic or reduce its severity.

The effect of synbiotics supplementation on anthropometric indicators and lipid profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundDifferent therapies have been suggested for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but changes in lifestyle and diet have been considered. Diet and dietary factors can be very effective in modifying the disease. The positive effects of probiotic and synbiotics supplementation on improving lipid profiles and anthropometric indices have been examined in various diseases. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of synbiotics supplementation on lipid and anthropometric profiles in infertile women with PCOS.MethodsPCOS patients aged 19–37 years old were randomized to receive either synbiotics supplement (n = 50) or placebo (n = 49) for 12 weeks.ResultsConsumption of synbiotics compared to the placebo, resulted in a significant decrease in Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) value (Change Mean Difference (CMD): 4.66, 95%CI: 0.20, 9.13) and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (CMD: 1.80, 95%CI: 0.34, 3.26). Although we failed to find a significant effect of synbiotics consumption on total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels. We did not find differences in anthropometric indices between groups.ConclusionsOverall, 12 weeks of synbiotics supplementation among PCOS women resulted in beneficial effects on LDL and HDL, although it is not yet clear how much our findings are clinically significant and more clinical studies with larger sample sizes are still needed.Trial registrationIranian Registry of clinical Trial, IRCT.ir, ID: IRCT2014110515536N2. Registered on 19 December 2015.Graphical abstract

Association of Anthropometric Indices of Obesity with Hypertension in Chinese Elderly: An Analysis of Age and Gender Differences.

This study aims to explore the association of anthropometric indices of obesity with hypertension in Chinese elderly and its possible gender and age differences. A total of 7070 adults age 60 or older were interviewed in a cross-sectional study conducted in 2017. Anthropometric indices for each participant were measured by using standard methods of trained doctoral/master students. We performed two binary logistic regression models to examine the association of the nine different anthropometric indices and hypertension by gender. Lastly, analyses were performed in two steps stratified for age. Comparing individuals with and without hypertension, there were statistically significant differences in anthropometric indices except height, a body shape index (ABSI), and hip index (HI) in males; and except height in females. There were gender differences in the relationship between anthropometric indices and the prevalence of hypertension in Chinese older adults. After stratification by age, the associations of all anthropometric indices became weaker, disappeared, or even went in the opposite direction. Furthermore, body mass index (BMI) in men (except individuals older than 80) and hip circumference (HC) in women showed a significant impact on the risk of hypertension. The association of anthropometric indices of obesity with hypertension in Chinese elderly differ by gender and age. These findings indicate a need to develop gender-specific strategies for the male and female elderly in the primary and secondary prevention of hypertension.

The Effect of Dried Glycyrrhiza Glabra L. Extract on Obesity Management with Regard to PPAR-γ2 (Pro12Ala) Gene Polymorphism in Obese Subjects Following an Energy Restricted Diet.

Purpose: Obesity is a multi-factorial health problem which results from the interaction of environmental and genetic factors. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of dried licorice extract with a calorie restricted diet on anthropometric indices and insulin resistance with nutrigenetic approach. Methods: For this pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 72 eligible subjects were randomly allocated to Licorice or placebo group. They received a low-calorie diet either with a 1.5 g/day of Licorice extract or placebo for 8 weeks. Results: There were no significant differences in anthropometric indices and dietary intake in genotype subgroups at the baseline. Findings indicated that supplementation with Licorice extract did not change anthropometric indices and biochemical parameters significantly compared to a hypocaloric diet alone. However, from the nutrigenetic point of view, significant changes in anthropometric indices and QUICKI were observed in the Pro12Pro genotypes compared to the Pro12Ala at the end of the study (p<0.05 in all variables). Moreover, no interactive effect of the Licorice supplement and Pro12Ala genotype was found. Conclusion: In obese subjects, the Pro/Pro polymorphism of the PPAR-γ2 gene seems to induce favourable effects on obesity management. Further studies are needed to clarify whether PPAR-γ2 gene polymorphisms or other obesity genes can affect responses to obesity treatment.

Evaluation of different jumping tests in defining position-specific and performance-level differences in high level basketball players

The importance of jumping ability in basketball is well known, but there is an evident lack of studies that have examined different jumping testing protocols in basketball players at advanced levels. The aim of this study was to assess the applicability of different tests of jumping capacity in identifying differences between (i) playing position and (ii) competitive levels of professional players. Participants were 110 male professional basketball players (height: 194.92±8.09 cm; body mass: 89.33±10.91 kg; 21.58±3.92 years of age; Guards, 49; Forwards, 22; Centres, 39) who competed in the first (n = 58) and second division (n = 52). The variables included anthropometrics and jumping test performance. Jumping performances were evaluated by the standing broad jump (SBJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), repeated reactive strength ability (RRSA) and four running vertical jumps: maximal jump with (i) take-off from the dominant leg and (ii) non-dominant leg, lay-up shot jump with take-off from the (iii) dominant leg and (iv) non-dominant leg. First-division players were taller (ES: 0.76, 95%CI: 0.35-1.16, moderate differences), heavier (0.69, 0.29-1.10), had higher maximal reach height (0.67, 0.26-1.07, moderate differences), and had lower body fat % (-0.87, -1.27-0.45, moderate differences) than second-division players. The playing positions differed significantly in three of four running jump achievements, RSI and RRSA, with Centres being least successful. The first-division players were superior to second-division players in SBJ (0.63, 0.23-1.03; 0.87, 0.26-1.43; 0.76, 0.11-1.63, all moderate differences, for total sample, Guards, and Forwards, respectively). Running vertical jumps and repeated jumping capacity can be used as valid measures of position-specific jumping ability in basketball. The differences between playing levels in vertical jumping achievement can be observed by assessing vertical jump scores together with differences in anthropometric indices between levels.

Sensibilidad y especificidad de la adiposidad abdominal con el síndrome metabólico en ancianos

ObjectivesIt is recognised that abdominal adiposity is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, such as intolerance to glucose, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. The objective of the present study was to assess the relationship of trunk fat and visceral fat index, obtained by anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance, with metabolic syndrome (SM) in an elderly population. MethodsThe study included 208 subjects (78 men and 130 women) with a mean age of 82.5 years. Abdominal obesity was assessed by anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance. ROC curves were calculated in order to assess the ability of these variables to diagnose metabolic syndrome. ResultsThere are differences between men and women in body mass index, waist to height ratio, waist circumference, and bioelectrical impedance measurements as trunk fat and visceral fat (p<.05). Also, found differences in anthropometric indices and variables and abdominal bioelectrical impedance between subjects with and without SM (p<.05) and only exist differences in blood glucose, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol (p<.05). There are significant correlations between anthropometric variables and abdominal bioelectrical impedance (p<.05). Areas under the curve (AUC) of waist to height index, waist circumference, sagittal abdominal diameter, and trunk fat were greater than 0.8 (all p<.01), and in women did not exceed values of 0.65. The cut-off points obtained for BMI were 26.81 and 23.53kg/m2, 102 and 91cm for waist circumference, 22.1 and 20.7cm for sagittal abdominal diameter, 34% and 43.7% for trunk fat, and 17 and 11.5 for visceral fat ratio in men and women, respectively. ConclusionsThere are different levels of predictive ability for metabolic syndrome according to gender. Trunk fat and visceral fat index and anthropometric measures have higher predictive ability for metabolic syndrome in men than in women.

Gender Differences in Anthropometric Indices Among Primary School Children in Delta South-Senatorial District, Delta State Nigeria

Purpose: the purpose of this study was to assess gender differences in anthropometrics of weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and mid upper-arm-circumference. Method: the method was the exploratory study design. The sampled population was 510 primary school children between the ages of 6 – 12 years obtained by multi-stage sampling techniques along with simple ballot method. Two research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. Data were obtained through the use of weighing bathroom scale, standiometer, tape and calculating BMI from wt (kg)/ht(m)2. Findings: there was no significant difference between weight and reference standard weight; between height and reference standard height; between muac and reference standard muac. It was found that boys have advantage over girls in weight, body mass index and mid upper-arm-circumference, while height was equal in both genders. There was no significant difference in weight and reference standard weight, in height and reference standard height except in bmi and reference standard bmi. It was found that gender anthropometric was not significantly different from the international reference standard. It was evident from this study that there was no gender difference in anthropometric measures among children in this study. Recommendation: it was recommended that the present nutritional status of children be maintained and regular growth monitoring of children as health surveillance as to maintain the status and detect early warning signs, among others.

A randomized clinical trial of nutrition education for improvement of diet quality and inflammation in Iranian obese women.

Background. Obesity is considered as a low grade inflammation condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nutritional education on diet quality and biomarkers of inflammation in Iranian obese women. Method. Sixty obese women voluntarily participated in this randomized clinical trial and were randomly assigned to intervention or control group (n = 30). Intervention group was instructed to attend nutrition education sessions (1 hr/wk, for 3 months) in small groups. Diet quality scores were measured by Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Anthropometric indices and serum concentration of hs-CRP, TNF-α, and adiponectin were measured at the baseline and end of the intervention. Results. There were no significant differences in anthropometric indices of participants between the two groups at the end of intervention (P > 0.05). However, the total HEI score was significantly higher in the educated group compared to the control group after intervention (P < 0.05). The educated group also showed significant lower concentration of TNF-α and hs-CRP and higher levels of adiponectin than the control group at the end of study (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Our results provide limited evidence that higher dietary quality contributes to reduced inflammation in obese women. This effect could be independent of the weight loss.

As diferenças de estado nutricional em pré-escolares de rede pública e a transição nutricional

OBJETIVO: verificar a existencia de diferencas de perfis nutricionais em pre-escolares de rede publica que justifiquem intervencoes diferenciadas. METODOS: trata-se de estudo seccional, realizado em 1.200 pre-escolares da rede publica de Cosmopolis, SP. Foram calculados escores de desvio-padrao para os indices altura/idade, peso/idade e peso/altura em relacao aos da populacao do NCHS. Os indices foram analisados segundo sexo, idade, escola frequentada e localizacao da escola nos setores urbanos do municipio. RESULTADOS: observou-se que as distribuicoes dos indices foram semelhantes as da populacao de referencia. Os meninos apresentaram medias de escore z mais baixas que as meninas. Houve diferenca significativa entre as medias de escore z em relacao a escola frequentada. Verificou-se prevalencia maior de criancas com deficits moderados de altura e peso nas escolas fora do centro e maior prevalencia de obesidade nas escolas do centro. Entretanto, mesmo nas escolas fora do centro, a prevalencia de obesidade foi superior a de deficiencia nutricional. CONCLUSOES: conclui-se que tambem em municipio de pequeno porte e em segmento da populacao relativamente homogeneo, e possivel verificar a existencia de diferentes padroes nutricionais em subgrupos da populacao. As diferencas observadas nos perfis nutricionais, conforme a escola frequentada e a localizacao da escola, apontam a necessidade de atencao e intervencoes distintas.

Differences between the nutritional status of children in public preschools and nutritional transition

OBJECTIVE: To verify if there are different patterns of nutritional status among preschool children, and if these patterns deserve special interventions. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 1,200 children from public preschools in Cosmópolis, a small town in the state of São Paulo. The z scores indices for height/age, weight/age, and weight/height were analyzed in terms of age, sex, type of school, and school location. RESULTS: Anthropometric indices were similar to those of the reference population (NCHS). Males had lower indices than females. Important differences in anthropometric indices were found among children from different schools. Higher prevalence of moderate deficits in height and weight was observed in children from non-downtown areas, while higher prevalence of obesity was found in children from downtown areas. However, the prevalence of obesity was higher than the prevalence of malnutrition even in schools located in non-downtown areas. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that even in a small city and in a relatively homogeneous group, it is possible to detect different nutritional patterns in subgroups of the population. The differences related to nutritional status, and the high prevalence of obesity among children from public schools, point out the need for different approaches and interventions.