Difference In Alveolar Bone Height Research Articles

Cone-beam CT evaluation of post-extraction alveolar bone changes at the maxillary incisor sites in an East Asian population: A cross-sectional study

ObjectiveUnderstanding the characteristics of alveolar bone resorption in an East Asian population after maxillary incisor extraction and providing a reference for implant treatment plans. Study designCone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) data of 125 East Asian patients with unilateral extraction of maxillary incisors for 3 months were collected. The alveolar bone width and height in the extraction sites were measured and compared with the corresponding contralateral sites. ResultsThe differences in alveolar bone width between the extraction site and contralateral site were as follows: 4.11 mm, 2.68 mm, and 2.09 mm (3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm apical from CEJ of the contralateral tooth). Data are expressed as the median. The horizontal resorption ratio of alveolar bone was 49.94 %, 31.5 %, and 24.46 %. The difference in alveolar bone height was 0.78 mm. The vertical resorption ratio was 7.78 %. The resorption did not differ significantly between sexes and was not significantly affected by tooth positions. ConclusionsIn the studied East Asian population, significant horizontal and vertical alveolar bone resorption occurs after natural healing of maxillary incisor extraction for 3 months. The closer to the alveolar ridge crest, the more significant the horizontal resorption, resulting in an “inverted triangle” shape residual alveolar bone.

Clinical Evaluation of Zirconia and Stainless-Steel crowns in Primary Molars - A Randomized Control Trial

Background and Aim: Aesthetic alternatives to stainless steel crown for restoring primary molars attain a growing interest. The aim of the study was clinical evaluation and comparison of zirconia and stainless steel crown in primary molars (clinical and radiograph) Methods: A randomized controlled study was conducted on children of age group of 5 to 8 years of age visiting, KVG Dental College and Hospital, Sullia and who were meet the inclusion criteria of the study. The study population was randomly divided into two groups of 24 each. Group I: stainless steel crown, Group II: zirconia crown. Post endodontic tooth preparation was done and selected stainless steel and zirconia crowns followed by cemented using type 1 glass ionomer cement. The subjects was be recalled after 3, 6 and 9 months to check gingival index, oral hygiene index and bone health of the tooth using intraoral periapical radiograph. Results: There was significant increase in score of gingival index and OHI score for both SSC and zirconia crowns after 3 month followed by reduction in score at 6 and 9 months. There was no statistically significant difference in alveolar bone height in both groups (zirconia and SSCs) for 6 months. Conclusion: Zirconia crowns presented to be an excellent choice for primary posterior teeth full coverage restorations. Zirconia crowns performed better than SSCs in the aspect of gingival response and prevention of plaque adhesion. Keywords: zirconia crowns, stainless steel crown, primary molars, esthetics, dental caries.

Minimum Surgico-Orthopedic Treatment using Computer-Assisted Single-Tooth Osteotomy in an Adolescent Skeletal Class III Patient with Anterior Ankylosed Tooth: A Case Report.

Traumatic tooth avulsion can lead to ankylosis, which may interfere with growth of the alveolar bone in a growing patient. The resulting difference in alveolar bone height and position can lead to esthetic problems such as open bite. A growing 13-year-old female patient presented skeletal Class III malocclusion with bone ankylosis of a maxillary anterior tooth. Even after 2 years of orthopedic and orthodontic treatment, little improvement was achieved regarding the positions of the anterior maxillary teeth, or the vertical position of the maxillary right central incisor. Therefore, surgical treatment by single-tooth osteotomy (STO) and corticotomy for the anterior ankylosed tooth were considered and performed using a CAD/CAM surgical guide, based on presurgical computer-based simulation surgery. Orthodontic and orthopedic treatments were completed at 10 months after surgery. The patient showed a favorable course of healing, with no mobility issues or gingival recession 3 years after single-tooth osteotomy and corticotomy surgeries. A favorable outcome was finally achieved by applying orthopedic treatment combined with STO and corticotomy for the anterior ankylosed tooth. Orthodontic treatment with minimally surgical method is recommended in an adolescent patient with skeletal Class III malocclusion and anterior open bite.

Cephalometric radiographic comparison of alveolar bone height changes between adolescent and adult patients treated with premolar extractions: A retrospective study

In orthodontic treatment, indication of dental extractions is very common and frequently used in adult patients. This situation is a recurrent concern among orthodontists, since age and extraction treatment are factors that may increase periodontal support loss. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate adolescent and adult patients, orthodontically treated with maxillary premolar extractions, and compare both groups regarding the changes in alveolar bone height loss, retrospectively. Fifty-five patients were selected from the files of an Orthodontic Department and divided into 2 groups. The adolescent group comprised 30 patients with a mean age of 12.7 years (SD=1.4) and the adult group comprised 25 patients with a mean age of 25.0 years (SD=1.8). Periapical radiographs obtained at pre-treatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) were evaluated. Wilcoxon tests were used to analyse intragroup treatment changes. Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare intergroup and inter-sex initial and final statuses and treatment changes. P<0.05 is considered to be statistically significant. Statistically significant increases in alveolar bone height loss of the maxillary central incisors were observed on the right and left sides of the adolescent (P=0.001 and P=0.002, respectively) and of the adult (P=0.001 and P<0.001, respectively) groups, during treatment. There were no significant differences in alveolar bone height between initial and final state, in treatment effects between adolescent and adult patients, in extraction patterns, and between males and females. Significant increase in alveolar bone height loss was found in both adult and adolescent patients orthodontically treated with maxillary premolar extractions. However, no significant differences were found regarding alveolar bone height changes after extraction orthodontic treatment between adolescent and adult patients.

Periapical radiographic evaluation of infra-bony pocket surgery outcomes using platelet-rich fibrin with and without bone grafts

New innovations to enhance periodontal tissue regeneration include the use of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and bone graft material. A clinical experimental design was used for this study. This study aimed to evaluate the differences in alveolar bone height following periodontitis therapy using PRF with and without bone grafts. Periapical radiograph evaluation before and after periodontitis therapy using PRF only compared to PRF in combination with bone graft was performed by assessing alveolar bone height. There were no significant differences in alveolar bone height following periodontitis therapy with PRF compared to treatment with PRF in combination with bone graft. Periodontitis therapy using PRF with and without bone graft yields similar results in the radiographic evaluation of alveolar bone height.

The influence of orthodontic treatment period using the standard edgewise fixed device on the resorption of the top of alveolar bone in canines region, mandible second premolar, and first molar

Orthodontic treatment could influence alveolar bone height. The longer the treatment, the more effect it will be. The purpose of this study was determined the differences in alveolar bone height at the canine, second bicuspid, mandibular first molar in the case of mandibular premolar extraction with different treatment duration. This study is a retrospective – comparative analytic study, involving 17 samples which have finished orthodontic treatment at FKG Unpad PPDGS orthodontic clinic. The alveolar bone height was determined from panoramic x-rays obtained by measuring the ratio of alveolar crest and the cemento enamel junction to the tooth cusp (Bjorn method). The results of the study were then analyzed using t-student test with Pvalue=0.05, showed a significant correlation in alveolar bone height reduction. In the group less than 2-years treatment, there was a reduction in alveolar bone height only at the mesial side of tooth 35 while there was a significant reduction at the distal canine, the mesial-distal second bicuspid and the mesial-distal side of the mandibular first molar in a group more than 2 years-treatment. This study concluded that there was a significant influence on the duration of treatment and alveolar bone height reduction in the group more than 2-years treatment.

Gingivopériostoplasties associées à une greffe osseuse : évaluation radiologique

Gingivoperiosteoplasty associated to bone graft is part of a therapeutic strategy applied to the first 20 years of a patient's life. Management is pluridisciplinary. Most authors recommend a bone graft in mixed dentition at the end of premaxillary growth. Retroalveolar and panoramic radiography are the most often used to assess the bone height of the grafted site. We retrospectively studied the radiographies of 57 alveolar grafts in 44 patients. Between 1999 and 2005, 44 patients underwent gingivoperiosteoplasty associated to bone graft. Thirteen underwent bilateral reconstruction. The surgical interventions were performed by the same surgeon. One year after surgery, the panoramic radiographies were analyzed by a single expert. The bone height compared to roots of adjacent teeth was classified in four grades. Grades 1 and 2 were considered as satisfactory or good and grades 3 and 4 not satisfactory and an indication for a new bone graft. In case of bilateral cleft, each side was analyzed independently. Grades 1 and 2 accounted for 84.2% of grafts. There was no statistical difference in alveolar bone height between patients presenting with agenesis of the lateral incisive. Eighty-one percent of patients grafted with mixed dentition (66% of the cases) had satisfactory results (35% of grade 1 and 46% of grade 2). Patients operated on after 15 years (n=15) had good results in 75% of the cases, 33% were bilateral cleft patients. There was no statistical difference between patients operated on early and those with delayed surgery. Radiological results for gingivoperiosteoplasty associated to bone graft are satisfactory. The procedure is easy, cheap, and reproducible. Evaluation with panoramic radiography is not as accurate as with the Denta Scan. CT scan is not used systematically to follow up alveolar cleft palate in children so as to limit irradiation. Volumetric tomography (cone beam) may be the best assessment.

Reliability of linear alveolar bone loss measurements of mandibular posterior teeth from digitized bitewing radiographs.

Observer reliability in performing linear measurements between the cementoenamel junction and alveolar crest was determined for mandibular posterior teeth from digitized clinical bitewing radiographs acquired during recall examinations. 6 measurements (corresponding to traditional probing measurements) were made per tooth by 3 observers. Mesial and distal measurements made to the most coronal aspects of the alveolar crest were the most reliable and least biased. As was anticipated, intra-observer reliability was better than inter-observer reliability although the 3 observers of our study were able to detect a significant mean change (0.1 mm, p<0.0001) in alveolar bone height over a 1-year period for 10 patients. For our most reliable and unbiased measurements (mesial measurements to the alveolar crest), a change of 0.54 mm (90th percentile) would be required to indicate change at a site from one time to the next. Based on the reliability of our digital radiographic measurements, with the alpha error rate set at 0.05 and beta at 0.20, a difference in alveolar bone height of 0.3 mm could be detected with a patient sample size of between 13 (best case) and 54 (worst case).

Population variation in tooth, jaw, and root size: a radiographic study of two populations in a high-attrition environment.

Radiographs were taken of the jaws of skeletal remains of two populations of different-phenotype Prehistoric Australians from Roonka and Early New Zealanders (Maoris). On these radiographs crown, root, and corpus size were measured. Corpus height was subdivided into alveolar bone height, defined as the bone superior to the mandibular canal, and basal bone height, defined as that inferior to the mandibular canal. Both between and within the two populations there was a significant and negative correlation between crown size and corpus height. The differences between the two populations in corpus height were associated with differences in alveolar bone height rather than basal bone height and support hypotheses associating continued eruption of adult teeth with growth of the alveolar bone. The findings also support previous studies that have shown only a low correlation between crown size, root size, and corpus height.

Effect of Low–Protein Diet on Alveolar Bone Loss in Streptozotocin–Induced Diabetic Rats

The present study demonstrated that hyperglycemic diabetic rats fed a low-protein (8%) diet maintained an alveolar bone height similar to controls; in contrast, those fed a standard protein diet (24%) had reduced alveolar bone height (P less than 0.05). Euglycemic diabetic and untreated control rats fed low-protein diets did not have significant differences in alveolar bone height compared to those fed standard protein diets. There was no evidence of gingival or periodontal inflammation or osteoclastic bone resorption at the alveolar crest in any animal studied. Thus, (1) hyperglycemic diabetic rats have significant alveolar bone loss in the absence of periodontal inflammation (P less than 0.001) and (2) this bone loss can be alleviated by diet (P less than 0.05). This data, taken together with previous studies on the effects of low-protein diet on the kidney, suggest that relieving the protein load on the diabetic kidney in poorly controlled diabetics is beneficial to the longevity of that organ, as well as the preservation of alveolar bone surrounding the teeth.

Proximal alveolar bone loss in a longitudinal radiographic investigation. II. A 10-year follow-up study of an epidemiologic material.

Four hundred and six individuals from an unselected sample from the County of Stockholm aged 18-65 years in 1970 were examined radiographically in 1970 and 1980. The differences in proximal alveolar bone height were recorded, attention being paid to the divergences in projection between the two investigations. The mean of the alveolar bone difference was 5.5% of the mean root length, which corresponds to an average annual bone loss of 0.09 mm. Ninety per cent of the individuals had a difference in alveolar bone height of less than 10% of the root length--that is, an average bone loss of 1.6 mm or less during 10 years. By linear regression analysis it was shown that the difference in alveolar bone height is a function of the initial bone loss; that is, the greater the initial bone loss, the greater the alveolar bone loss during the 10-year period. The result of the regression analysis may facilitate predictions of alveolar bone loss.