Differences In Adult Mortality Research Articles

A generalized application of the catch-curve regression with comparisons of adult mortality and year-class strength between hatchery-stocked and wild-reared lake trout in US waters of Lake Huron

The recently developed approach to estimating the instantaneous total mortality of coded-wire-tagged lake trout ( Salvelinus namaycush) is generally applicable to catch-at-age data. We further formalized the technique to objectively incorporate the year-class and year effects into the model structure of catch-curve regression. We used this new method to compare adult mortality and year-class strength between the hatchery-stocked and wild-reared lake trout in US waters of Lake Huron, one of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Model comparisons showed no difference in adult mortality between the hatchery-stocked and wild-reared lake trout. Based on 95% confidence intervals, the estimate of adult mortality using the simple catch-curve regression with average number-at-age was not statistically different from the estimate using the linear mixed model with individual number-at-age of multiple year-classes and sampling years. The linear mixed model, however, also quantified lake trout year-class strength and indicated that since 2003, the increases in recruitment of wild-reared lake trout did not fully compensate for the rapid declines in recruitment of hatchery-stocked lake trout in Lake Huron.

A Viability Assessment of Two Commercially Available Sticking Adjuvants Added to a Bifenthrin-Based Barrier Treatment on Aedes taeniorhycnhus.

In an effort to reduce Aedes taeniorhynchus numbers in the northernmost community of Key Largo, FL (known as Ocean Reef), during the peak summer months, Florida Keys Mosquito Control District (FKMCD) has utilized a bifenthrin-based barrier application (Wisdom TC Flowable®) for several years. The FKMCD conducted a study comparing whether 2 aftermarket wetting/sticking adjuvants could improve the efficacy of the barrier treatments used to control Ae. taeniorhynchus. Maximum label rate was used for 3 separate solutions: Wisdom TC Flowable (1 fl oz/gal [7.81 ml/liter] water) with no additives (Wisdom), Wisdom with Lesco Spreader-Sticker® (0.08 fl oz [2.37 ml]), and Wisdom with Xtended Performance® (2.56 fl oz [75.71 ml]). All solutions were applied to 100-ft (approximately 3 m) sections of tree-lined roadways in Key Largo, FL, using a SR 420® Mistblower backpack sprayer (Stihl Corp.). Leaves were collected from each application area for 8 consecutive weeks. Leaves were used to perform leaf bioassays against local populations of Ae. taeniorhynchus adults, and mortality was recorded at 1, 4, and 24 h postexposure. This process was replicated 3 times. Treatments had variable mortality rates at 1, 4, and 24 h postexposure across 7 wk following application. Mortality rates for all mixtures decreased for all exposure times throughout the study. Overall, the Lesco Spreader-Sticker solution was the only combination with a positive significant difference in adult mortality after 24 h.

Abstract 8999: Impact of Coronavirus 2019 on Pediatric and Adult Heart Transplantation Waitlist Activity and Mortality in the United States

Introduction: Transplant centers saw a reduction in solid organ transplantation since the beginning of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States. Limited data exists on the impact of COVID-19 on pediatric heart transplant volume and variation in transplant practices. We hypothesized that pediatric heart transplant activity decreased during COVID-19 with associated increased waitlist mortality. Methods: The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was used to identify waitlisted patients from 2017-2020. Regional and Statewide data was obtained from US Census Bureau. CovidActNow project was used for Covid-19 mortality rates. Results: Among pediatric patients, average time on the waiting list decreased by 28 days. Even though the average number of pediatric transplants (n=39) did not change during 2020, there was a temporal decline in the first quarter followed by an increase. Overall pediatric waitlist mortality decreased from 5.31 to 4.73, however female mortality increased by 2%. Regional differences in pediatric mortality included: Northeast, decreased by 7.5%; Midwest, decreased by 9%; West, increased by 3.5%; and South, increased by 13%. North Dakota (0.55), Oklahoma (0.21) and Hawaii (0.33) showed higher mortality per 100,000 than other states. In adults, average time on waiting list increased by 40 days and there was an increase in the number of transplants from 242.06 to 266.09. Adult waitlist mortality had a larger decrease from 18.44 to 15.70 with increase in female mortality of 7%. Regional differences in adult mortality included: Northeast, decreased by 3%; Midwest, increased by 5.5%; West, increased by 4.5% and South, decreased by 5%. Iowa (0.37), Wyoming (0.22), Arkansas (0.18) and Vermont (0.19) had higher mortality per 100,000 than other states . Conclusions: Pediatric heart transplant volume declined in early 2020 followed by an increase, while transplant volume in adults increased. Although, overall waitlist mortality for pediatrics decreased, female waitlist mortality increased. Regional differences in waitlist mortality were also observed. Future studies are needed to understand this initial correlation and to determine the impact of COVID-9 on heart transplant recipients.

Impact of Coronavirus-2019 On Pediatric and Adult Heart Transplantation Waitlist Activity and Mortality in The United States: A Descriptive Approach

BackgroundTransplant centers saw a substantial reduction in deceased donor solid organ transplantation since the beginning of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States. There is limited data on the impact of COVID-19 on adult and pediatric heart transplant volume and variation in transplant practices. We hypothesized that heart transplant activity decreased during COVID-19 with associated increased waitlist mortality. MethodsThe United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was used to identify patients at the time of listing for heart transplant from 2017–2020. Patients were categorized as pediatric (<18 years) or adult (≥18 years) and as pre-COVID (2017-2019) or post-COVID (2020). Regional and statewide data were taken from United States Census Bureau. CovidActNow project was used to obtain COVID-19 mortality rates. FindingsAmong pediatric patients, average time on the waiting list decreased by 28 days. Even though the average number of pediatric transplants (n=39 per month) did not change significantly during 2020, there was a temporal decline in the first quarter of 2020 followed by a sharp increase. Overall absolute pediatric waitlist mortality decreased from 5•31 to 4•73, however female mortality increased by 2%. Regional differences in pediatric mortality were observed: Northeast, decreased by 7•5%; Midwest, decreased by 9%; West, increased by 3•5%; and South, increased by 13%. North Dakota (0•55), Oklahoma (0•21) and Hawaii (0•33) showed higher mortality than other states per 100,000. In adults, average time on waiting list increased by 40 days and there was an increase in the number of transplants from 242 to 266. Adult waitlist mortality had a larger decrease, 18•44 to 15•70, with an increase in female mortality of 7%. Regional differences in adult mortality were also observed: Northeast, decreased by 3%; Midwest, increased by 5•5%; West, increased by 4•5% and South, decreased by 5%. Iowa (0•37), Wyoming (0•22), Arkansas (0•18) and Vermont (0•19) had the highest mortality per 100,000 compared to the other states. InterpretationPediatric heart transplant volume declined in early 2020 followed by a later increase, while adult transplant volume increased all year round. Although, overall pediatric waitlist mortality decreased, female waitlist mortality increased for both adults and pediatrics. Regional differences in waitlist mortality were observed for both pediatrics and adults. Future studies are needed to understand this initial correlation and to determine the impact of COVID-19 on heart transplant recipients FundingThis research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

Potentials of Three Plants Leave oils mixture in Protecting Maize Grains against Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Over the last decade, Sitophilus zeamais are being control using synthetic insecticides. The over- use of these chemicals has lead to the development of insecticides resistance, environmental pollution, and killing of non-target organisms. The efficacy of Hyptis suaveolens, Ocimum gratissimum, and Psidium guajava leaf oils combination against adult S. zeamais was investigated on maize grain during the study. The leaves of the plants were grounded into powders and oils were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus separately. Maize variety 99% EDVT used was obtained from the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) Kano. The insects were cultured in a containers and identified using a standard taxonomic key for Sitophilus spp. Different oils combination of two plants leaves oils were made in the ratio of 50%:50% of the test dose 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4ml/20g.Ten newly emerged S. zeamais were introduced separately for examination of adult mortality test and lethal concentration determination. Results showed that mortality increases with exposure period. The leaves oils combination show a significant difference in adult mortality of S. zeamais (P&lt;0.05). Isobutylcyclohexane, Oleic Acid and 11-octadecenoic acid were the most occurring compound present in the individual plant extract. H. suaveolens and O. gratissimum combination protecting maize grains against S. zeamais infestation and therefore, the active ingredient of these plant combinations should be evaluated.

Describing socio-economic variation in life expectancy according to an individual's education, occupation and wage in England and Wales: An analysis of the ONS Longitudinal Study.

People who live in more deprived areas have poorer health outcomes, and this inequality is a major driver of health and social policy. Many interventions targeting these disparities implicitly assume that poorer health is predominantly associated with area-level factors, and that these inequalities are the same for men and women. However, health differentials due to individual socio-economic status (SES) of men and women are less well documented. We used census data linked to the ONS Longitudinal Study to derive individual-level SES in terms of occupation, education and estimated wage, and examined differences in adult mortality and life expectancy. We modelled age-, sex- and SES-specific mortality using Poisson regression, and summarised mortality differences using life expectancy at age 20. We compared the results to those calculated using area-level deprivation metrics. Wide inequalities in life expectancy between SES groups were observed, although differences across SES groups were smaller for women than for men. The widest inequalities were found across men's education (7.2-year (95% CI: 3.0–10.1) difference in life expectancy between groups) and wage (7.0-year (95% CI: 3.5–9.8) difference), and women's education (5.4-year (95% CI: 2.2–8.1) difference). Men with no qualifications had the lowest life expectancy of all groups. In terms of the number of years' difference in life expectancy, the inequalities measured here with individual-level data were of a similar magnitude to inequalities identified previously using area-level deprivation metrics. These data show that health inequalities are as strongly related to individual SES as to area-level deprivation, highlighting the complementary usefulness of these different metrics. Indeed, poor outcomes are likely to be a product of both community and individual influences. Current policy which bases health spending decisions on evidence of inequalities between geographical areas may overlook individual-level SES inequalities for those living in affluent areas, as well as missing important sex differences.

Avoiding a legacy of unequal non-communicable disease burden after the COVID-19 pandemic

Avoiding a legacy of unequal non-communicable disease burden after the COVID-19 pandemic

Impact of Coronavirus-2019 on Pediatric and Adult Heart Transplantation Waitlist Activity and Mortality in the United States: A Descriptive Approach

Background: Transplant centers saw a substantial reduction in deceased donor solid organ transplantation since the beginning of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States. There is limited data on the impact of COVID-19 on pediatric heart transplant volume and variation in transplant practices. We hypothesized that pediatric heart transplant activity decreased during COVID-19 with associated increased waitlist mortality. Methods: The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was used to identify patients at the time of listing for heart transplant from 2017–2020. Patients were categorized as pediatric ( 18 years) and as pre-COVID (2017-2019) or post-COVID (2020). Regional and statewide data were taken from United States Census Bureau. CovidActNow project was used to obtain COVID-19 mortality rates. Findings: Among pediatric patients, average time on the waiting list decreased by 28 days. Even though the average number of pediatric transplants (n=39 per month) did not change significantly during 2020, there was a temporal decline in the first quarter of 2020 followed by a sharp increase. Overall absolute pediatric waitlist mortality decreased from 5·31 to 4·73, however female mortality increased by 2%. Regional differences in pediatric mortality were observed: Northeast, decreased by 7·5%; Midwest, decreased by 9%; West, increased by 3·5%; and South, increased by 13%. North Dakota (0·55), Oklahoma (0·21) and Hawaii (0·33) showed higher mortality than other states per 100,000. In adults, average time on waiting list increased by 40 days and there was an increase in the number of transplants from 242 to 266. Adult waitlist mortality had a larger decrease, 18·44 to 15·70, with an increase in female mortality of 7%. Regional differences in adult mortality were also observed: Northeast, decreased by 3%; Midwest, increased by 5·5%; West, increased by 4·5% and South, decreased by 5%. Iowa (0·37), Wyoming (0·22), Arkansas (0·18) and Vermont (0·19) had the highest mortality per 100,000 compared to the other states. Interpretation: Pediatric heart transplant volume declined in early 2020 followed by a later increase, while adult transplant volume increased all year round. Although, overall pediatric waitlist mortality decreased, female waitlist mortality increased for both adults and pediatrics. Regional differences in waitlist mortality were observed for both pediatrics and adults. Future studies are needed to understand this initial correlation and to determine the impact of COVID-19 on heart transplant recipients. Funding Information: This work was supported in part by Health Resources and Services Administration contract HHSH250-2019-00001C. Declaration of Interests: The authors declare no competing interest. Ethics Approval Statement: The authors obtained a data use agreement from UNOS and an exempt status from Johns Hopkins IRB as this was a descriptive study.

Where and When: Sharpening the lens on geographic disparities in mortality.

Life course theories suggest that geographic disparities in mortality may reflect a history of place-based exposures rather than (or in addition to) contemporaneous exposures; yet, few studies examined early life place exposures and later life mortality in the US due to data limitations. The aim of this study is to assess and compare the importance of state of birth and state of residence in predicting mortality for adults over age 50 in the US. Using nationally representative data of nearly 100,000 adults over age 50 from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study, we estimated individual mortality risk using multi-level logistic regression with state of birth and state of residence as second-level random effects. We assessed whether state of residence and state of birth contributed to the variation in adult mortality. We also decomposed state-of-residence random effects to compare “movers” and “stayers.” Our results indicate that state of birth is a stronger predictor of age-, race/ethnicity- and sex-adjusted mortality in the US than state of residence at the time of death. The adult mortality profiles of many states are substantially impacted by the composition of “movers.” Failing to account for residential mobility has clouded our understanding of the patterns and causes of geographic differences in adult mortality. Measures of geographic residence across the life course can improve models of adult mortality in the US and inform interventions to address geographic disparities in longevity.

Education and adult mortality in middle-income countries: Surprising gradients in six nationally-representative longitudinal surveys

BackgroundThere are large differences in adult mortality across schooling groups in many high-income countries (HICs). An important open question is whether there are similar gradients in adult mortality in middle-income countries (MICs), where schooling and healthcare quality tends to be lower and health-related behaviors are often not strongly patterned by schooling.MethodsWe present one of the first international-comparative studies on schooling differences in adult mortality across MICs using harmonizedlongitudinal data on adults ages 50+ from China, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Mexico, South Africa, and South Korea. We use Cox proportional hazards models to estimate differences in the hazard of mortality across schooling groups overall and separately by sex and broad age groups. We also estimate schooling gradients in smoking and body mass index to determine whether risk factor gradients potentially explain mortality patterns.ResultsOnly adults with tertiary schooling have a consistent adult mortality advantage compared to those with no schooling. We do not find evidence that individuals with primary schooling have a lower hazard of mortality compared to individuals with no schooling in five of the six countries. The mortality advantage for individuals with secondary schooling is mixed, with evidence of lower mortality relative to those with no schooling in Mexico, South Africa, and South Korea. Gradients in BMI and smoking are inconsistent across countries and unlikely to explain mortality differences.ConclusionsWe find that adult mortality and risk factor gradients in MICs can be much different than the established patterns seen in modern HICs. Our results highlight that adult mortality gradients are not an inevitability and are not found in all populations. Understanding what factors give rise to inequalities in adult mortality and what can be done to minimize gradients while still ensuring continued mortality improvements in MICs is a crucial focus for research and policy.

Examining gender differences in adult mortality mediated by household poverty in two urban slums of Nairobi

In sub-Saharan Africa, adult mortality estimates mainly obtained from nationally representative surveys such as Demographic and Health Surveys show discrepancies in all-cause mortality between men and women. It is important to understand factors that explain these differences. Using data for adults aged ≥15 years from the Nairobi Urban Demographic Health Surveillance System (NUHDSS), this study assesses whether gender differences in all-cause mortality are mediated through household poverty. We used the generalised structural equation model, a unified framework that allows to calculate both direct and indirect effects of exposure on outcome. Results show that overall mortality rates in 151,865 individuals were 32.9 and 28.4 per 100 person years among men and women, respectively during median(IQR) follow-up of 7.3 (3.7, 10.6) years. The effects of gender on mortality decreased with age. We observed a male versus female aOR 1.39 [95% CI (1.25, 1.53)] which represents a higher odds of dying among men compared to women in the 15–35 age group, but lower odds of dying in the age group 35–60 years and >60 years, aOR 0.90 [95% CI (0.81, 0.99)], aOR 0.91 [95% CI (0.73, 1.12)], respectively. We estimated the direct effect of gender on mortality mediated through household poverty but the mediated effects were marginal.All estimates are adjusted for age, slum area, education level and ethnicity. In summary, differences in mortality between men and women decrease with age, and partly are mediated by household poverty. Given that differences in mortality between men and women who share the same household decreases with age, it is essential for future interventions aimed at reducing the gap in gender mortality particularly in older age groups, to consider other factors that interact with poverty.

When Did the Health Gradient Emerge? Social Class and Adult Mortality in Southern Sweden, 1813\u20132015

Across today’s developed world, there is a clear mortality gradient by socioeconomic status for all ages. It is often taken for granted that this gradient was as strong—or even stronger—in the past when social transfers were rudimentary and health care systems were less developed. Some studies based on cross-sectional data have supported this view, but others based on longitudinal data found that this was not the case. If there was no gradient in the past, when did it emerge? To answer this question, we examine social class differences in adult mortality for men and women in southern Sweden over a 200-year period, using unique individual-level register data. We find a systematic class gradient in adult mortality emerging at ages 30–59 only after 1950 for women and after 1970 for men, and in subsequent periods also observable for ages 60–89. Given that the mortality gradient emerged when Sweden transitioned into a modern welfare state with substantial social transfers and a universal health care system, this finding points to lifestyle and psychosocial factors as likely determinants.

Rural-Urban Differences in Adult Life Expectancy in Indonesia: A Parametric g-formula-based Decomposition Approach.

Evidence on rural-urban differences in adult mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is limited and mixed. We examined the size of and factors contributing to rural-urban life expectancy differences among adults in Indonesia, the third most populous LMIC. Data come from the 2000, 2007, and 2014/2015 waves of the Indonesian Family Life Survey, a population-representative longitudinal study with mortality follow-up. We used Poisson regression and life tables to estimate rural-urban differences in life expectancy among 18,867 adult respondents ≥30 years. We then used a novel g-formula-based decomposition to quantify the contribution of rural-urban differences in blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), and smoking to life expectancy differences. Compared with urban adults, life expectancy at age 30 was 2.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.4, 3.9) years higher for rural men and 1.2 (95% CI = -0.4, 2.7) years higher for rural women. Setting the BMI and systolic BP distribution equal in urban and rural adults reduced the urban mortality penalty by 22% for men and 78% for women, with the majority of this reduction coming from the contribution of rural-urban differences in BMI. Smoking did not contribute to the urban mortality penalty for either men or women. Adult life expectancy is lower in urban than in rural areas in Indonesia and we estimate that this difference is partly related to differences in BMI and systolic BP.

Monitoring adult mortality by type of residence in the absence of death registration: a perspective from Burkina Faso

In the context of the post 2015 agenda, disaggregation of mortality indicators is needed to assess health inequalities within populations. However, producing sub-national estimates of adult mortality is notably difficult in the absence of death registration. Using Burkina Faso as a case study, this paper revisits the main avenues to quantify differences in adult mortality between the ages of 15 and 60 according to urban/rural residence. Estimates are based on reports on the survival of parents and siblings collected in surveys and in the 2006 census, and compared to levels inferred from recent household deaths or inferences based on child mortality. Results indicate that in Burkina Faso, adults living in urban areas still benefit from a health advantage compared to their rural counterparts. Thus, efforts made in reducing adult mortality in rural settings should be intensified. In terms of methods, this analysis shows the value of asking additional questions about the place of residence of close relatives to avoid misclassification errors. The approach adopted here could be implemented in other countries to facilitate the measurement of spatial inequalities in health indicators for all ages when monitoring Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs).

Assessment of the toxicity of Carica papaya plant powders against Sitophilus zeamais (Mots) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on maize seeds during storage

The toxicity of Carica papaya plant parts powder (leaf, stem bark, root and flower) at different dosages (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 g) against Sitophilus zeamais infesting stored maize grains were assessed at the Biology Laboratory of the Federal College of Agriculture, Ibadan. Treatments were admixed with 30 g of maize grains, infested with 10 teneral adults of S. zeamais and stored in 3.0 mm petri dishes. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) and replicated four times each. Data were collected on adult mortality, oviposition and percentage weight loss of the grain in each of the replicate. Data collected were analyzed using analysis of variance, while sample means were separated with the aid of least significant difference (LSD) at 5%. There were significant differences in adult mortality of S. zeamais treated with different dosages of the plant parts powder. The flower powder of the plant recorded the highest mean adult mortality (10) compared to the lowest adult mortality of 0.1 obtained at the control experiment. The flower part powder also revealed the lowest mean eggs laid (oviposition) (7.1) and the lowest grain damage loss (1.4%) when compared with the values of 18.7 and 40.0 obtained for mean eggs laid and percentage weight loss obtained with stem bark and control treatments respectively. This clearly showed that the powder of the flower of C. papaya showed good potential as bio-insecticide for protecting stored maize grains.

Susceptibility of Musca domestica larvae and adults to entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae, Steinernematidae) native to Mexico.

We evaluated the pathogenicity of the entomopathogenic nematodes native to Mexico, Heterorhabditis indica, Heterorhabditis sp. and Steinernema sp., towards M. domestica under controlled conditions. For adults, concentrations of 1,600 (A) and 1,200 (B) nematodes/ml were considered. For larvae, only the first concentration applied to filter paper, wheat bran, and peat moss as substrates was evaluated. An analysis of variance showed that the differences in adult mortality were only significant (p = 0.0001) among nematode species but not among concentrations within species. However, differences were significant (p = 0.0001) when data were analyzed when 50% of the individuals died (LT50 ). For H. indica, the LT50 were 46.5 h and 65.8 h for the concentrations A and B, respectively. Females were more susceptible than males. H. indica recorded the highest mortality, with 79.2% and 35.5% for females and males, respectively. Significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were recorded in larval mortality. H. indica induced the highest mortality (53.3%) when applied on peat moss. The results are a fundamental basis for future management studies of M. domestica by entomopathogenic nematodes.

Sex differences in adult mortality rate mediated by early-life environmental conditions.

Variation in sex differences is affected by both genetic and environmental variation, with rapid change in sex differences being more likely due to environmental change. One case of rapid change in sex differences is human lifespan, which has become increasingly female-biased in recent centuries. Long-term consequences of variation in the early-life environment may, in part, explain such variation in sex differences, but whether the early-life environment mediates sex differences in life-history traits is poorly understood in animals. Combining longitudinal data on 60 cohorts of pre-industrial Finns with environmental data, we show that the early-life environment is associated with sex differences in adult mortality and expected lifespan. Specifically, low infant survival rates and high rye yields (an important food source) in early-life are associated with female-bias in adult lifespan. These results support the hypothesis that environmental change has the potential to affect sex differences in life-history traits in natural populations of long-lived mammals.

Prime-age adult mortality in sub-Saharan Africa: examining trends in Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 1990 and 2014

Adult mortality rate is a critical indicator used to assess the level of national development in most sub-Saharan African countries. However, estimation of adult mortality rates requires comprehensive and accurate reporting of adult deaths, which is one of the challenges faced by most sub-Saharan African countries. Using data from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 1990 and 2014 in 25 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, we examine trends in all-cause prime adult mortality (measured by the probability of dying between exact ages 15 and 50) and sex differences in adult mortality by region. Our paper provides a basis for tracking progress in reducing adult mortality and improving overall health. The median probability of dying was 173 per 1000 for women in the latest surveys, an increase from 166 per 1000 during the initial surveys. The median value for men was 177 per 1000; a decrease from the initial surveys which was 202 per 1000. Across all countries, the average annual increase in the probability of dying was higher for women (1.08%) than men (0.49%). Intensive efforts are needed to improve adult survival and ensure that sub-Saharan Africa achieves the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. In particular, efforts to mitigate the premature risk of dying among women need to be intensified.

Disfavored in Life, Favored in Death? Later-Life Mortality Differences (Ages 30+) between Migrants and Natives in Antwerp, Rotterdam and Stockholm, 1850-1930

Differences in adult mortality were studied between natives and domestic and international migrants in three Northwestern European cities during different stages of the epidemiological transition. ...

Does a geographical context of deprivation affect differences in injury mortality? A multilevel analysis in South Korean adults residing in metropolitan cities

BackgroundThis study aimed to examine whether the socioeconomic context of urban areas affects differences in adult mortality from injuries in the districts of all seven South Korean metropolitan cities, after...