Differences In Vegetable Consumption Research Articles

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dietary Patterns and Physical Activity in Overweight and Obese Adolescents Based on Body Fat Percentages

Background: Obese and overweight adolescents have a high risk of COVID-19 susceptibility and severity compared to normal nutritional status. Although a healthy dietary pattern and physical activity do not entirely prevent infection, they play a substantial role in the host's response to infectious agents. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in dietary patterns and physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic in overweight and obese adolescents based on body fat percentages (BFP). Method: A cross-sectional study using purposive sampling was conducted on 159 adolescents from selected high schools in West Lampung, Indonesia. Data collection was assessed using a body composition scale and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Data analysis was performed using SPSS. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to analyze the differences between the two adolescent groups. Result: The overweight and obese adolescents group increased the consumption of unhealthy foods and beverages compared to the normal group (p<0.05). Both groups significantly increased the fruit rich in vitamin C consumption (p<0.05), but no significant difference in vegetable consumption (p>0.05). Both groups were found to have no significant difference in physical activity, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic (p>0.05). Conclusion: Adolescents with normal body fat percentages (BFP) tend to have better dietary patterns, in contrast to overweight and obese adolescents with a high BFP who tend to have a decrease in the quality of their dietary patterns. Then, both groups were found to have a significant decrease in the frequency of physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Influence of Nutritional Education through Puppet Play to Increasing Vegetable and Fruit Consumption in Mekar Wangi and Putra Harapan Kindergarten Children Glenmore District

The consumption of vegetables and fruit is one indicator of nutritional balance. The statistical data show there are 60.44% of Indonesia that are less consuming vegetables and fruit. Fiber on vegetable and fruit are very useful for the body. Efforts to improve nutritional knowledge can preserve out through media which are suitable for children, that are attractive and easy to understand such as puppet and ladders game. This research aims to analyze the influence of the nutritional education through the game puppet to increase vegetable and fruit consumption for kindergarten children (TK).
 This is a pre-research experiment. One group pre-post test. Data analysis in this study uses the sample of this research is the Mekar Wangi and Putra Harapan kindergarten children that accounted 64 people in accordance. The technique of data collection from the questionnaire is based on the direct interviews, it aims to investigate the difference in vegetable consumption on kindergarten children before nutrition education is 5,58 while after nutrition is increase to 7,75. Whereas for fruit consumption for kindergarten children before education is 13,72 whereas after education is significantly increase to 16,47.
 The result revealed that there is an increment of education nitrition vegetable and fruit consumption after nutrition education through puppet game (Asymp.Sig =0,000) it concludes that nutritional education through puppet gameplay on an important role to increase the consumption of fruit and vegetables for kindergarten children.

Effectiveness of a mobile phone text messaging intervention on dietary behaviour in patients with type 2 diabetes: a post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

Evidence suggests that mobile phone health (mHealth) programs may improve healthy behaviours and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, data on mHealth dietary behaviour is scarce in low-and-middle-income countries. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of a text messaging program on dietary habits in patients with T2DM. We performed a post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial of text messaging intervention in 236 patients with T2DM recruited from a tertiary hospital. Data were collected on socio-demographics, mobile phone use, family and medical history, self-reported diseases, medication use, health-seeking behaviour, diet and physical activity. Dietary behaviour was assessed using a modified version of WHO STEPS and the Indian Migration Study Food Frequency Questionnaire. Intervention participants received one message/day over six months focusing on lifestyle modification. Dietary intake of fruits, vegetables, sugar beverages and teaspoons of sugar in tea/coffee were determined in serves-per-week and were analysed using Chi-square tests. Poisson regression models, adjusted for age, sex and baseline values following an intention-to-treat approach were performed and expressed as an estimate of effect size. At 6 months, the adjusted difference in vegetable consumption was -0.02 serves/week [95% confidence interval (CI): -0.11-0.06, P>0.05] and fruit intake was 0.02 serves/week (95% CI: -0.15-0.21, P>0.05). Consumption of sugar beverages reduced in both groups at 6 months with an adjusted difference of -0.34 serves/week (95% CI: -1.10-0.42, P>0.05). Teaspoons of sugar in tea reduced to 0.1±0.3 teaspoons/week in the control group, however, remained the same at 0.2±0.6 teaspoons/week in the intervention group with an adjusted difference of 0.94 teaspoons/week (95% CI: 0.04-1.84, P<0.05). Our results suggest that a text messaging program did not significantly improve dietary behaviour in patients with T2DM. Further studies are warranted to explore the effectiveness of text messaging on dietary behaviour in adults with T2DM. German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00005188, http://www.drks.de.

Complementary feeding patterns of Filipino infants and toddlers lack diversity, especially among children from poor households

BackgroundConsumption of nutritionally adequate complementary foods is essential for optimal growth and development of infants and toddlers, including those in developing countries. The aim of this study was to describe the food and beverage consumption patterns among 6–23.9 month old Filipino infants and toddlers, by household wealth.MethodsData from 1087 infants and toddlers from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey were included. Dietary intake data was assessed using a 24Hr recall and population food intakes were stratified into pre-defined wealth categories.ResultsBreast milk, infant formula, powdered milk and rice were the most commonly consumed foods and beverages across the age groups. Several differences in complementary feeding by wealth status were observed. Infants from poor households (69%) reported significantly greater consumption of human milk, than those from rich households (42%) who reported a significantly greater consumption of infant/toddler formula (Poor: 22%, Rich: 56%) (P < 0.05). A higher percentage of toddlers from rich households consumed protein-containing foods, cookies and cakes. There was a significant difference in vegetable consumption in 12–17.9 month old children (Poor: 17%, Rich: 31%; P = 0.021). Human milk and formula were the top contributors to energy in 6–17.9 month old children, while rice was the top energy contributor in 18–23.9 month old children.ConclusionMilk and rice were the main dietary components in all Filipino children, contributing up to 60% of energy in the infants from poorer households. Consumption of protein-containing foods and vegetables were typically lower in poorer households. Interventions are required to enable caregivers of young Filipino children to provide complementary foods of high nutritional quality, particularly among children from the poor households.

P114 The Potential Impacts of Childhood Experiences of Forced Eating on Vegetable Consumption Among Korean Young Adults

<h3>Background</h3> Previous research has highlighted that forced eating might lead to a long-lasting food rejection. Vegetables are the most common subject of forced eating due to their sensory bitterness, causing an instinct-guided rejection. Currently, unbalanced diet with insufficient vegetable consumption is being recognized, particularly among young adults. This problem appears to be associated with multi-dimensional factors but might also be related to experiences of forced eating. <h3>Objective</h3> This study aimed to explore the potential impacts of childhood experiences of forced eating on vegetable consumption among Korean young adults. <h3>Study Design, Setting, Participants</h3> An online survey was conducted from February 1824, 2020 among Korean young adults in their 20s. Out of 1277 responses, 461 (36.1%) responses reporting to have experienced forced eating were analyzed. <h3>Measurable Outcome/Analysis</h3> Descriptive statistics were calculated, and significant differences in vegetable consumption (ie, vegetable preference, vegetable acceptance, and perceived daily intake of vegetables) were measured according to experiences of forced eating. <h3>Results</h3> Forced eating occurred mostly when they were elementary school students (57.2%), and preschool children (21.2%). It happened mostly frequently at home (51.0%), followed by schools (26.5%). Respondents mostly identified parents (50.1%), followed by school teachers (26.0%) as authority figures involved in forced eating. Approximately 41.0% of them were still not able to eat the target foods of forced eating, and 44.2% acknowledged its negative impacts on their current dietary habits. Among the target foods of forced eating, vegetables were most prevalent (57.9%). Vegetable preference, vegetable acceptance, and perceived daily intake of vegetables tended to be significantly lower when they had experiences of forced eating. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This study implies that childhood experiences of forced eating could make negative impacts on future dietary habits related to vegetable consumption. Despite some limitations, it may shed light on the importance and necessity of preventing forced eating during childhood and intervening its negative impacts on dietary habits.

Disparities in Dietary Patterns by Urbanization Among US Adults, 2013–2016 (P04-104-19)

ObjectivesRural populations are generally older, sicker, and poorer than their urban counterparts. Few studies have examined differences in dietary patterns by urbanization that may mirror differences in health by urbanization. Our objective is provide national estimates of dietary patterns among adults by urbanization level. MethodsUsing a single 24 hour recall from NHANES 2013–2016, we estimated the mean consumption of fruits, vegetables, % of calories from added sugars and % of calories from saturated fats, by age, sex, education, race and Hispanic origin, and urbanization level among US adults aged 20 and over (n = 9939). We used SUDAAN to conduct all analyses and we evaluated differences between groups using a t statistic and tests of trend across ordinal variables using orthogonal contrast matrices. ResultsDuring 2013–2016, the average fruit intake (cup equivalence) was 0.9 (SE 0.03) for both men and women. After adjustment by age, education level, and race and Hispanic origin, fruit intake increased with higher level of urbanization, from 0.6 (SE 0.07) in rural areas, to 0.9 (SE 0.05) in medium or small urban areas, to 1.0 (SE 0.04) in large urban areas among men. After adjustment, differences by urbanization were not significant for women. The average % of calories from added sugars on a given day was 12% (SE 0.2) for both men and women. After adjustment, added sugars intake decreased with higher level of urbanization, from 14.0% (SE 0.9) in rural areas, to 12.6% (SE 0.3) in medium to small urban areas, to 12.0% (SE 0.2) in large urban areas among women. A similar pattern was also observed among men. There were no differences in vegetable consumption or % of energy from saturated fat by level of urbanization. ConclusionsDisparities in dietary patterns exist by urbanization. Additional research may show how these differences impact health and identify opportunities to improve health in rural communities. Funding SourcesThe National Center for Health Statistics and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded this study.

Can individual cognitions, self-regulation and environmental variables explain educational differences in vegetable consumption?: a cross-sectional study among Dutch adults.

BackgroundEducational differences in health-related behaviors, where low- and moderate-educated individuals have poorer outcomes than high-educated individuals, are persistent. The reasons for these differences remain poorly understood. This study explored whether individual cognitions, self-regulation and environmental-level factors may explain educational differences in vegetable consumption.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,342 Dutch adults, of whom 54.5% were low/moderate-educated. Individuals completed an online questionnaire, assessing education, vegetable consumption, demographics, individual cognitions (attitude towards consuming 200 grams of vegetables a day, self-efficacy, subjective norm, intention, perception of vegetables as being expensive), self-regulation (general self-regulation, vegetable-specific action- and coping planning) and environmental-level factors (perception of availability of vegetables in the supermarket and availability of vegetables at home). The joint-significance test was used to determine significant mediation effects.ResultsLow/moderate-educated individuals consumed less vegetables (M = 151.2) than high-educated individuals (M = 168.1, β = −0.15, P < .001). Attitude and availability of vegetables at home were found to partially mediate the association between education and vegetable consumption (percentage mediated effect: 24.46%).DiscussionSince attitude and availability of vegetables at home partially explain the difference in vegetable consumption between low/moderate- and high-educated individuals, these variables may be good target points for interventions to promote vegetable consumption among low/moderate-educated individuals.

Household Income and Vegetable Consumption among White, Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese Americans

Objectives: This study aims to examine racial/ethnic differences in vegetable consumption between White and three major groups of Asian Americans. We hypothesize that racial/ethnic differences in frequency of vegetable consumption is significantly related to respondents’ household income. Methods: We used the 2009 California Health Survey Interview (CHIS) data set that has a total sample of 47,167 respondents aged 18 and over. The selected sample used in this study consisted of four racial and ethnic groups included Whites (31,582), Chinese (1,014), Korean (909), and Vietnamese (1,411). We used Ordinary Least Square regression and adjusted for complex survey sampling designs in all analyses. Interaction effect is visually presented. Results: Chinese and White respondents reported a greater frequency of weekly vegetable consumption than Korean and Vietnamese respondents. The significant interaction effect of race/ethnicity and household income revealed that White respondents with an annual household income from $150,000 and over consumed vegetables more frequently than White respondents with an annual household income under $150,000. However, among three selected Asian groups, respondents with an annual household income from $150,000 and over consumed vegetables less frequently than those with an annual household income under $150,000. Other demographic variables including sex, age, marital status, education, BMI also had significant associations with frequency of vegetable consumption. Conclusion: Culture and economic wealth might play an important role in vegetable consumption. Knowledge regarding racial/ethnic differences in vegetable consumption are important for community-based health education and intervention programs for Asian Americans.

Socio-economic differences in the consumption of vegetables, fruit and berries in Russian and Finnish Karelia: 1992–2007

Food habits and their socio-economic differences in Russia have rarely been compared to those in western countries. Our aim was to determine socio-economic differences and their changes in the consumption of vegetables, fruit and berries in two neighbouring areas: the district of Pitkäranta in the Republic of Karelia, Russia, and North Karelia, Finland. Cross-sectional risk factor surveys in Pitkäranta, in 1992, 1997, 2002 and 2007 (1144 men, 1528 women) and in North Karelia, in 1992, 1997 and 2002 (2049 men, 2316 women), were carried out. Data collected with a self-administered questionnaire were analysed with logistic regression. The consumption of fruit and vegetables was more common in North Karelia than in Pitkäranta, but increased markedly in Pitkäranta from 1992 to 2007. In Pitkäranta, women, and in North Karelia both men and women with higher education ate fresh vegetables more often than those with a lower education. In both areas, daily consumption of fruit tended to be more common among subjects with a higher education. In Pitkäranta, there were virtually no differences by employment status. In North Karelia, vegetable consumption was less common among the unemployed than the employed subjects. Only minor socio-economic differences in berry consumption were observed. The educational differences in vegetable consumption seemed to widen in Pitkäranta and narrow in North Karelia. A converging trend was observed, with the Russian consumption levels and socio-economic differences starting to approach those observed in Finland. This may be partly explained by the improvements in availability and affordability of fruit and vegetables in Pitkäranta.

Trends of socioeconomic differences in daily vegetable consumption, 1979–2002

Studies from different time periods have shown that consumption of vegetables is more common in higher socioeconomic groups and among women. However, there are only few studies of changes of socioeconomic differences in vegetable consumption over time. Our aim was to determine whether socioeconomic differences, measured by educational level and household income, in daily vegetable consumption have increased, decreased or been stable over the last two decades among Finnish men and women. Data on daily consumption of fresh vegetables were derived from repeated annual cross-sectional surveys performed among representative samples of Finnish working aged (15-64 years) population. Data from the years 1979-2002 were linked with data on education and household income from Statistics Finland. Those under 25 years and all students were excluded, giving a total of 69 383 respondents. The main analyses were conducted with logistic regression. Daily consumption of fresh vegetables became overall more prevalent during the study period. Daily consumption of fresh vegetables was more common among those with higher education and higher income during the whole study period. Both educational level and household income differences in daily vegetable consumption slightly narrowed since 1979 among men and women. Women with high socioeconomic position have been initial trend setters, but the prevalence of daily consumers of vegetables in these groups has not increased since the early 1990s. The prevalence of daily consumption of fresh vegetables has increased more in lower educational and income groups during the 1980s and 1990s along with narrowing socioeconomic differences.

Prospective study of fruit and vegetable consumption and incidence of colon and rectal cancers.

Frequent consumption of fruit and vegetables has been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer in many observational studies. We prospectively investigated the association between fruit and vegetable consumption and the incidence of colon and rectal cancers in two large cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (88 764 women) and the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study (47 325 men). Diet was assessed and cumulatively updated in 1980, 1984, 1986, and 1990 among women and in 1986 and 1990 among men. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum was ascertained up to June or January of 1996, respectively. Relative risk (RR) estimates were calculated with the use of pooled logistic regression models accounting for various potential confounders. All statistical tests were two-sided. With a follow-up including 1 743 645 person-years and 937 cases of colon cancer, we found little association of colon cancer incidence with fruit and vegetable consumption. For women and men combined, a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR of 1.02 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.98-1.05). A difference in vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.03 (95% CI = 0.97-1.09). Similar results were obtained for women and men considered separately. A difference in fruit consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with a covariate-adjusted RR for colon cancer of 0.96 (95% CI = 0.89-1.03) among women and 1. 08 (95% CI = 1.00-1.16) among men. For rectal cancer (total, 244 cases), a difference in fruit and vegetable consumption of one additional serving per day was associated with an RR of 1.02 (95% CI = 0.95-1.09) in men and women combined. None of these associations was modified by vitamin supplement use or smoking habits. Although fruits and vegetables may confer protection against some chronic diseases, their frequent consumption does not appear to confer protection from colon or rectal cancer.

Evaluation of the Use of a Self-service Fruit and Vegetable Bar on the Consumption and Plate Waste

LEARNING OUTCOME: To determine if use of a self-service fruit and vegetable increases consumption and decreases plate waste of fruits and vegetables by school children.The goal of this study was to determine if the use of a self-serve fruit and vegetable bar would increase fruit and vegetable consumption and decrease plate waste by elementary school children. For a period of tour days, the meal trays of 334 students in grades 4, 5, and 7 in two elementary schools were visually evaluated to determine the amount of fruits and vegetables consumed and wasted from the service line and the self-service bar.In a comparison of statistical means, there was a significant difference in vegetable consumption between the service line (1.50 of a standard portion which equalled 4.00) and self-service bar [1.94] with students eating more vegetables from the self-service bar. Vegetable consumption from both serving methods was below the standard portion offered. The students also ate significantly more fruit from the self-service bar [4.79] than from the service line [3.00]; fruit consumption from the self-service bar was above the standard portion offered. The difference in vegetable waste between the service line and self-service bar was significant with less vegetable waste from the self-service bar [1.40] than from the service line [1.70]. The students also wasted significantly less fruit from the self-service bar [0.58] than from the service line [0.91]. Grade level did not significantly affect vegetable and fruit consumption or fruit waste with either serving method.The results indicate that the use of a self-service fruit and vegetable bar significantly increases both fruit and vegetable consumption and decreases plate waste. It was fruit consumption that benefitted the most from the use of the self-service bar with more than a standard portion consumed, while vegetable consumption continued to be less than the standard portion offered.