Differences In Self-perception Research Articles

SOCIOCULTURAL FACTORS OF THE EMOTIONAL STATE OF CANCER SURVIVORS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF UKRAINE AND ISRAEL)

During the phase of remission, cancer patients commonly experience the psychological impact of fearing the return of traumatic events, namely the disease, hindering their ability to fully engage in life. The aim of the paper was to study the peculiarities of the psycho-emotional state, namely anxiety and the level of fear of cancer recurrence, in cancer survivors from Ukraine and Israel. The peculiarities of providing medical and psychological care for cancer patients in these countries were considered, and it was found that Israeli society had much more psychosocial support for patients. Additionally, the research examined how beliefs surrounding the myth causes of cancer and the option of alternative unofficial remedies influenced the information landscape of both countries. The paper described the obtained patterns and drew preliminary conclusions about the perception of their own illness by cancer survivors during a full-scale war in Ukraine. The Israeli respondents were in a relatively peaceful phase of the Arab-Israeli conflict at the time of this study. The results obtained in this research, which is preliminary, indicate that there are differences in self-perception of illness and outlook on the future between cancer survivors who have achieved remission in Ukraine and Israel. Research has revealed that Ukrainian survivors experience a greater degree of fear of cancer recurrence compared to cancer survivors from Israel.

Student academic procrastination in online and offline learning

Students after attending offline lectures stated that they understood the lecture material better and it was more fun. The purpose of this study is to determine the academic procrastination of students in both offline and online learning, the level of academic procrastination of students, differences in academic procrastination in learning, factors that influence academic procrastination, and the magnitude of the influence of each factor forming it. The analysis technique used is Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with the Structural Equation Model (SEM) model. ANOVA analysis was used to determine the difference between online and offline learning on self-perception, self-efficacy, self-resilience, and academic procrastination. The results of this study show that there are differences in self-perception, self-efficacy, self-resilience, and academic procrastination owned by students for online and offline learning. Offline learning is considered better for students as evidenced by the fact that when compared to both learning systems (online and offline), offline learning has higher self-perception, self-efficacy, self-resilience, and academic procrastination than online learning.

Differences in self-perceptions of aging across the adult lifespan: The sample case of awareness of age-related gains and losses.

Rooted in the premises of lifespan developmental theory, the concept of awareness of age-related change (AARC) posits that growing older comes with both experiences of gains and losses across different behavioral domains. However, little is known about how age-related change is perceived across the entire adult lifespan, provided that respective measures can be validly compared. Further, few studies have adopted an approach that examines gains and losses simultaneously to study a potential shift in the ratio of perceived age-related gains and losses from adolescence to advanced old age. Using cross-sectional data from the German Socio-Economic Panel, this study tested the measurement invariance of the 10-item AARC short form and examined age differences in the awareness of age-related changes across 1,612 participants aged 16-93 years. First, partial measurement invariance of the AARC-Gains and AARC-Losses scales was established, allowing for valid group comparisons across young adulthood, midlife, and old age. Second, results indicated that people experience more AARC-Gains than AARC-Losses throughout the adult lifespan. However, older adults exhibited an increasingly less favorable gains-to-losses ratio, primarily driven by more loss experiences. Gain experiences were mostly stable across age groups. Third, differences in levels of AARC were related to individuals' background characteristics relevant at the respective time of life, such as education (early adulthood), employment (midlife), and social resources (old age). These results highlight the utility of considering a broad age range when examining the nature and correlates of age differences in perceived age-related gains and losses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Perception of frontal facial images compared with their mirror images: chirality, enantiomorphic discrimination, and relevance to clinical practice

BackgroundWhat we think we see consists of models constructed in our brains, which may be constrained, limited and perhaps modified at a cerebral level. Patients may view their mirror image differently to how others and the clinical team view them. Understanding potential variations in perception between real and mirror images is important in clinical practice. The aims were to assess differences in self-perception between frontal facial and mirrored photographs, comparing the results with selfie photographs.MethodsFacial photographs were taken by one investigator under standardized conditions for preclinical and clinical students. Each student took a selfie photograph at rest and smiling using his/her smartphone. A mirror image was generated for each image. Each student was shown his/her original and mirror image, without being informed which was which. For each pair of images, students were asked to choose which photograph they perceived as more attractive. A set of photographs of a male volunteer was shown to all participants, to choose either the original or mirror image as the more attractive.ResultsMost observers preferred the true image of the volunteer (P < 0.05), which may be evidence that most people prefer the true image of others, which is how they normally view them. Most observers preferred their own original photograph in frontal view at rest and smiling (P < 0.05), but preferred the mirror image of their selfie photograph at rest and smiling (P < 0.05).ConclusionsSignificant differences in perceptions of attractiveness between true and mirror-reversed frontal and selfie images were found. Observers preferred their image the way they view themselves in a mirror. The selfie is how other people view an individual. If a selfie is flipped horizontally, that is how an individual sees themselves in a mirror. Most observers preferred the mirror image of their selfie, which is how they would view themselves in a mirror.

Gender differences in self-assessed performance and stress level during training of basic interventional radiology maneuvers

ObjectivesGender differences have been reported to influence medical training. We investigated gender differences encountered during training in interventional radiology maneuvers.MethodsCatheter handling was analyzed under standardized conditions in 64 participants naïve to endovascular procedures (26 women, 38 men). Objective (e.g., catheter pathway, catheter movements, required time) and subjective parameters (stress level) were recorded. The NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX; 1–20 points) was used to assess participants’ stress levels and perceived workload.ResultsIn the easier tasks, no significant differences between male and female participants regarding catheter handling were observed. In the most complex task, female participants took themselves more time (688 ± 363 vs. 501 ± 230 s; p = 0.02), asked for help more frequently (n = 19 vs. n = 8) and earlier than men (203 ± 94 vs. 305 ± 142 s; p = 0.049), whereas men stood out by more agitated catheter handling (6.0 ± 1.8 vs. 4.8 ± 1.6 movements/s; p = 0.005). Overall, female participants perceived tasks to be more difficult (11.5 ± 4.2 vs. 9.6 ± 3.3; p = 0.016), perceived higher stress levels (8.9 ± 4.9 vs. 6.3 ± 4.4; p = 0.037), and rated their own performance lower (9.12 ± 3.3 vs. 11.3 ± 3.3; p = 0.009). However, female participants were able to correlate self-assessed with objective parameters correctly (r between −0.555 and −0.469; p = 0.004–0.018), whereas male participants failed to correctly rate their performance (p between 0.34 and 0.73). Stress levels correlated with objective parameters in males (r between 0.4 and 0.587; p < 0.005), but not in female participants.ConclusionPerceived stress levels, self-evaluation skills, and catheter handling differ greatly between untrained male and female participants trying to solve interventional radiological tasks. These gender-specific differences should be considered in interventional radiology training.Clinical relevance statementAs psychological aspects may influence individual working strategies gender-specific differences in self-perception while learning interventional radiology maneuvers could be essential regarding success in teaching and treatment outcomes.Key Points• After performing standardized training, 38 male and 26 female volunteers showed significant differences regarding objective and self-assessed performance, as well as in perceived workload while performing simulated endovascular catheter maneuvers.• After solving simulated endovascular radiological tasks, female participants were able to self-assess their objective performance much more accurately than male participants.• Women took more time to solve simulated endovascular tasks and asked earlier and more frequently for help than men.

“Aging is beautiful and graceful:” exploring college students’ perceptions of aging, older adults, and future older selves

ABSTRACT Perception of one’s own age and the aging process can influence healthy aging and encourage younger adults to be more proactive in taking care of themselves. There is a shortage of literature on college students’ self-perceptions of aging and old age. This descriptive qualitative study explored how short-term aging research training and activities influenced college students’ perceptions of aging, older adults, and their future older selves. Students were exposed to discussions about aging, the aging process, myths, a brief TED talk, and a video on positive age stereotypes in preparation for their encounter with older adults in a more extensive photovoice aging research project. Data for the study were collected using weekly guided reflections and drawing. Findings show that college students improved perceptions of aging and older adults after the short-term research training. We found cultural differences in self-perception of the onset of old age. Students perceived healthy aging in terms of biological, psychological, spiritual, and social dimensions of health. Students presented a hopeful, positive picture of their future older self as opposed to the negative stereotypic views they initially had of older adults. Reflections on one’s own aging may be crucial in encouraging younger adults to be more proactive in taking care of themselves for a healthier life in later adulthood.

Supplemental Material for Differences in Self-Perceptions of Aging Across the Adult Lifespan: The Sample Case of Awareness of Age-Related Gains and Losses

Supplemental Material for Differences in Self-Perceptions of Aging Across the Adult Lifespan: The Sample Case of Awareness of Age-Related Gains and Losses

Differences in self-perception of productivity and mental health among the STEMM-field scientists during the COVID-19 pandemic by sex and status as a parent: A survey in six languages.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused unprecedented challenges for working conditions for scientists, but little is known for how the associations of these challenges with scientists' mental health and productivity differ by sex and status as a parent. This online survey study in six languages collected data from 4,494 scientists in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine fields across 132 countries during October-December 2021. We compared the type of challenges for work, changes in work hours, and perception in productivity during the pandemic by sex and status as a parent (children <18 years living at home). Regression analyses analyzed the impacts of changed working conditions and work-life factors on productivity and mental health. We found that the percentage of participants with increased work hours was the highest in female participants, especially without children. Disproportionately higher increases in work hours were found for teaching and administration in women than men and for research/fundraising in non-parent participants than parent participants (p-value<0.001). Female participants were more concerned about the negative impacts of the pandemic on publications and long-term career progress, and less satisfied with their career progress than their male counterparts. There were differences in the type of institutional actions for the pandemic across study regions. The identified obstacles for work and home-life factors were associated with higher risks of experiencing depression, anxiety, and stress. Decision makers should consider the gender differences in the pandemic's adverse impacts on productivity in establishing equitable actions for career progress for scientists during pandemics.

Differences in self-perception and social gender status in children with gender incongruence.

Background: Gender incongruent children report lower self-perception compared to the norm population. This study explored differences in self-perception between children living in their gender role assigned at birth and children living in their experienced gender role.Method: The self-perception questionnaire was administered to 312 children referred to the Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria ‘Amsterdam UMC’. Social transition status was determined by parental interviews. 2 (social transition) by 2 (sex assigned at birth) ANCOVA’s were conducted.Results: Children living in their assigned gender role reported comparable self-perception to children living in their experienced gender role. Birth assigned girls living in their assigned gender role reported poorer self-perception on ‘athletic competence’, compared to girls living in their experienced gender role. Birth assigned boys living in their assigned gender role reported poorer on ‘scholastic competence’ and ‘behavioral conduct’ compared to boys living in their experienced gender role.Conclusions: Social transition did not show to affect self-perception. Self-perception was poorer for birth assigned boys living in their experienced gender role. For birth assigned girls this was reversed. Future studies should give more insight in the role of social transitions in relation to child development and focus on other aspects related to self-perception.

Self-Perceived Competence of Ambulance Nurses in the Care of Patients with Mental Illness: A Questionnaire Survey.

Ambulance nurses in prehospital emergency care must assess, treat, and triage patients with mental health issues. This study aimed to investigate the self-perceived competence of ambulance nurses in prehospital emergency care of patients with mental illness. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was done, a question-index value (Q-IV; range: 0–1.0) was defined as a summary of the proportion of positive responses (%). Correlations of self-perceived competence with education and professional experience were also examined. Overall self-perceived competence was good (mean Q-IV, 0.80). For six of the nine questions, women rated their abilities slightly lower than men. Women rated themselves as fairly good in providing “information about types of effective help available” (Q-IV, 0.55) and in “suggesting tactics for helping a person with mental illness feel better” (Q-IV, 0.56). Men rated their competence as fairly good in “directing patients to appropriate sources of help” (Q-IV, 0.58). Self-perceived competence did not correlate with education level or professional experience. In conclusion, these results indicate that in encounters with patients who have mental illness, ambulance nurses perceive their overall competencies as good, with some sex-based differences in self-perception for specific knowledge areas. Education level and professional experience did not correlate with self-perceived competence.

Tales from Three Countries and One Academia: Academic Faculty in the Time of the Pandemic

Previous articleNext article No AccessTales from Three Countries and One Academia: Academic Faculty in the Time of the PandemicKeren Dali, Nadia Caidi, Kim M. Thompson, and Jane GarnerKeren Dali Search for more articles by this author , Nadia Caidi Search for more articles by this author , Kim M. Thompson Search for more articles by this author , and Jane Garner Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUSFull Text Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Library Quarterly Volume 91, Number 4October 2021 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/715923 Views: 267Total views on this site Citations: 3Citations are reported from Crossref © 2021 The University of Chicago. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Seulkee Heo, Pedro Diaz Peralta, Lan Jin, Claudia Ribeiro Pereira Nunes, Michelle L. Bell, Muhammad Shahzad Aslam Differences in self-perception of productivity and mental health among the STEMM-field scientists during the COVID-19 pandemic by sex and status as a parent: A survey in six languages, PLOS ONE 17, no.77 (Jul 2022): e0269834.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269834Keren Dali, Garrett Hohmann Preserving the Wonder of Stories: The Role of Reflection in Reading Education in Library and Information Science Programs, Journal of Education for Library and Information Science 109 (May 2022).https://doi.org/10.3138/jelis-2022-0014Karen Kettnich, Paul T. Jaeger, Shannon M. Oltmann, and Natalie Greene Taylor On Adaptation: In Time, in Art, in Starfish, and in the Scope and Policies of the Library Quarterly, The Library Quarterly 92, no.11 (Jan 2022): 1–4.https://doi.org/10.1086/717234

Remote continuity of learning and the COVID-19 pandemic: educators self-perceptions of preparedness

In February 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic upended education systems as schools suspended in-person instruction and transitioned to remote learning to mitigate the spread of the disease within their communities. As school systems implemented remote learning, we sought to examine differences in teacher and educational leader self-perceptions of preparedness for remote continuity of learning and communicating with stakeholders, factors contributing to preparedness, and recommended needs in future educational leadership preparation. We used a survey design to complete this research by distributing the Self-perceptions of Preparedness for Remote Continuity of Learning Instrument (SPRCLI) © to a convenience sample of teachers and educational leaders enrolled in a graduate-level educational leadership program. Eighty teachers and 15 educational leaders completed the SPRCLI © survey. Analysis indicated differences in self-perceptions of preparedness to communicate with stakeholders with educational leaders demonstrating higher perceptions of communication preparedness. Contributing factors for preparedness for remote continuity of learning included colleagues, professional development, prior technology experience, and experiences with online learning. Participants recommended future educational leadership preparation include professional development and coursework on digital applications, best practices for remote learning, and development of school plans for remote continuity of learning. This study contributes to an understanding of teacher and educational leader preparedness for remote learning at the start of the COVID-19 crisis.

Sex-Differentiated Attire’s Impact on Individual Action and Mate Selection

Various theories highlight the importance of using the actor/environment as the ideal unit for theoretical and experimental focus. Clothing, placed as it is as the intermediary between body and environment, is typically treated as a symbol rather than as either an integral part of either the body or the environment. When clothing is considered an extension of the body, the historical development of clothing reflects persistent differences in the physical capabilities of the human animal and operates as an instrument for solo action. In addition, it is argued that due to the ecological mechanisms connecting perception and action, differential clothing options for the sexes has led in no small part to differences in self-perception as well as the perception of others. However, when it comes to the very specific behavior of mate selection and procreation, clothing can be understood as a tether between two systemic units, offering a description of a system that allows for communication of potential social affordances and opportunities for joint action.

Breast cancer surgery as expressed in self figure drawings

This study examined expression of distress and changes in self-perception in breast cancer patients who underwent different surgeries (lumpectomy/mastectomy) via analysis of their self-figure drawings. It was assumed that the two types of surgery would affect their bodies differently and hence also their body- and self-image.The Machover Draw-A-Person test was administered twice to 72 survivors (47 underwent conserving surgery and 25 a mastectomy): first, they were asked to draw themselves in the present; then they were asked to draw themselves as they remembered themselves pre-illness. The expressions in self-figure drawings were compared using sixteen indicators.The results show that 11 of 16 indices clearly indicated differences in self-perception between the pre-illness past self and the self-perception of the present self, in women who underwent different breast surgeries. The indices were: breast, mouth, height, body outline, eyes, hair, feminine figure, and palms/hands.No differences were found for 5 indices: lower body, head outline, feminine clothes and accessories, feminine body, pointed fingers. ConclusionsIt is suggested that the projective DAP test be used as an aid for identifying changes in features of self-portrayal. It could also be applied when planning an intervention for the alleviation of distress via structured supportive care in breast cancer survivors.

Changes in married older adults' self-perceptions of aging: The role of gender.

To what extent self-perceptions of aging and their correlates in later life may be gendered remains relatively unexplored. In particular, little is known about how changes in the health and spousal relationship quality over time contribute to self-perceptions of aging among married men and women. To clarify these links, we analyzed panel data from the Health and Retirement Study (2008-2016) on married individuals aged 65 years and older (N = 2,623) using within-between random effects models. Findings showed no gender difference in self-perceptions of aging at baseline and in the rate of change, and poorer health and spousal relationship quality were generally associated with less positive self-perceptions of aging. However, men and women differed in how within-person changes in health and spousal relationship quality were associated with their self-perceptions of aging. Increases in spousal strain and chronic conditions were associated with less positive self-perceptions of aging on that wave for men, whereas increases in functional limitations were associated with less positive self-perceptions of aging on that wave for women. Finally, a person-mean of spousal strain had a moderating effect for men, such that men with more overall spousal strain reported less positive self-perceptions of aging across a range of chronic conditions, compared to the men with less overall spousal strain. Findings highlight the intersection of social resources, health, and self-perceptions of aging, suggesting that gender differences in older adults' self-perceptions of aging are contextualized by different behaviors and social experiences among married men and women. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Saúde de mulheres de dois grupos de atividade física: estudo de acompanhamento durante a COVID-19

O objetivo foi monitorar indicadores de saúde mental e a prática de exercícios de respiração e alongamento no contexto doméstico durante dois meses da pandemia COVID-19 entre mulheres participantes de dois grupos de atividade física de Unidades Básicas de Saúde. A amostra foi composta por 17 mulheres, que participaram de quatro contatos telefônicos. As variáveis foram a autopercepção de saúde, da ansiedade, da qualidade do sono e da concentração, além de dificuldades econômicas (falta do básico em casa no período) e a prática de exercícios de respiração e alongamento no domicílio, bem como as dificuldades para a realização destas. O teste de Friedman foi utilizado para verificar diferenças nas variáveis nos quatro momentos. Diferenças significativas na autopercepção da qualidade do sono (com piores resultados em T4) e na prática de exercícios (piores resultados em T1) foram observadas. Em três dos quatro momentos do monitoramento, pelo menos uma mulher referiu que havia faltado o básico para a sobrevivência. Onze mulheres citaram barreira(s) em pelo menos um dos momentos do estudo para a realização dos exercícios, sendo a mais citada: não saber realizar o exercício ou se sentir insegura realizando sozinha. Conclui-se que, considerando a necessidade de adequação dos serviços de saúde em função da pandemia, ações de monitoramento, combinadas com estratégias de escuta e aconselhamento, podem ser uma boa alternativa para o acompanhamento da saúde dos participantes dos grupos de atividade física.

ANNA Tool: A Way to Connect Future and Past Students in STEM

The “Increasing Gender Diversity in STEM” project involved six different partner universities around Europe. The scope of the project was to investigate the gender difference in self-perception of students in relation to their career choice. This was done through a web-based app, ANNA tool, that allows high school students to match their own personality, views, and expectations to those of engineering students and professional engineers. In the meantime, the data collection gave the opportunity to take a look at how students perceive their university and undergraduate program. This pilot application is then been further studied in order to analyse its scalability in other countries with broader STEM content.

Parent-child concordance on the Pubertal Development Scale in typically developing and autistic youth

BackgroundCharacterizing puberty in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is critical given the direct impacts of pubertal progression on neural, cognitive, and physical maturation. Limited information is available about the utility and parent-child concordance of the self-report and parent-report Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) in ASD, an economical and easily administered measure. MethodThe primary aim of this study was to examine the concordance between self-report and parent-report PDS ratings in autistic males and females ages 8–17y compared to typically developing (TD) youth, including using the PDS to derive informant-based estimates of adrenal and gonadal development. We hypothesized that there would be greater parent-youth discrepancies in pubertal ratings among autistic males. Our second aim was exploratory; we examined whether individual characteristics impact PDS concordance and hypothesized that lower intellectual and adaptive skills, higher autistic traits, and reduced self-awareness/monitoring would correlate with lower concordance. ResultsThere were no significant diagnostic group differences in parent-youth concordance for overall PDS scores among males and females. Autistic males had significantly lower inter-item agreement with their parents than TD males and had lower agreement for both adrenal and gonadal aspects of pubertal maturation (adrenal κ = .48; gonadal κ = .55). ConclusionsThe PDS is a feasible measure in ASD. Greater parent-youth discrepancies in autistic males may be due to reduced parental awareness or reduced insight into pubertal maturation among autistic males. Future research is needed to further elucidate individual and/or environmental characteristics that influence youth- and parent-reported PDS scores, including differences in self-perception and insight.

Self-perception Differences Between Crossfitters And Other Recreational Exercise Participants

Self-perception Differences Between Crossfitters And Other Recreational Exercise Participants

The differences in self-perceptions of aging, health-related quality of life and their association between urban and rural Chinese older hypertensive patients

BackgroundMost hypertensive clients are elderly, whose health-related quality of life (HRQL) may be associated with self-perceptions of aging (older individuals’ beliefs about their own aging). Meanwhile, culture and health disparities between rural and urban populations are substantial. Whether there are differences in self-perceptions of aging, HRQL, and their association among elderly hypertensive clients in urban and rural areas remains unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare self-perceptions of aging and HRQL and their association among urban and rural older Chinese hypertensive clients.MethodsA cross-sectional investigation was conducted in 15 urban community clinics and 22 village clinics from Suzhou, China. Older hypertensive adults were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire addressing socio-demographic and clinical information, HRQL and self-perceptions of aging.ResultsThere were 492 urban participants and 537 rural participants included in the analyses. The physical (40.0 ± 12.1 vs. 30.9 ± 8.9, P < 0.001) and mental (51.5 ± 8.3 vs. 46.0 ± 7.8, P < 0.001) HRQL scores of urban participants were all higher than those of rural ones. Urban participants’ scores on dimensions of “timeline cyclical”, “consequences negative”, and “control negative” of self-perceptions of aging questionnaire (APQ) were lower than those of rural participants (P < 0.001, respectively), while the scores on dimensions of “consequences positive” and “control positive” were higher (P < 0.001, respectively). Adjusted multivariate linear regression showed that participants who had worse self-perceptions of aging had poorer HRQL. Some APQ dimensions associated with urban or rural hypertensive elders’ HRQL were different.ConclusionsOlder hypertensive clients in rural areas have poorer self-perceptions of aging and HRQL than those in urban areas. Health care professionals should pay more attention to HRQL and self-perceptions of aging of older hypertensive clients in rural areas.