Difference In Recurrence-free Survival Research Articles

Comparison of unilateral versus bilateral central neck dissection for clinically invasive papillary thyroid carcinoma.

The American Thyroid Association guidelines primarily recommend central neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma with advanced primary tumors or clinically positive neck nodes. However, the appropriate extent of dissection remains unclear. We aimed to compare the rate of locoregional recurrence between unilateral and bilateral central neck dissection in invasive papillary thyroid carcinoma. Among 330 consecutive patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with central neck dissection for advanced papillary thyroid carcinoma, 212 underwent unilateral central neck dissection (UCND group) while 118 underwent bilateral central neck dissection (BCND group). We performed 1:1 propensity score matching, resulting in 99 matched pairs. Surgical outcomes and safety were compared between the two groups. Additionally, the impact of surgery on locoregional recurrence was compared using survival analysis. During a follow-up of 47.8 ± 20.4 months, 29 (8.8%) patients experienced locoregional recurrence within the entire study cohort. Following propensity score matching, no significant difference in recurrence-free survival was observed between the two groups (log-rank p = 0.516). Multivariate analysis revealed that only T4 staging was an independent risk factor for locoregional recurrence (p = 0.006). The mean number of total and metastatic central lymph nodes retrieved were significantly greater in BCND group (14.1 vs. 9.3, p < 0.001 and 6.8 vs. 4.6, p = 0.005, respectively). There was no significant difference in postoperative stimulated thyroglobulin levels between the two groups (0.79 ng/mL vs. 1.44 ng/mL, p = 0.389). The present study demonstrates no prognostic benefit in conducting bilateral central neck dissection. Unilateral central neck dissection may be the preferred choice for clinically invasive papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Low Albumin-Bilirubin Grade in TACE Combined with Ablation: A Random Forest Cox Predictive Model.

The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) grade and recurrence in patients who underwent TACE sequential ablation. We developed and validated a nomogram to predict low levels of ALBI patients' recurrence. A total of 880 patients undergoing TACE combined ablation at Beijing Youan Hospital from January 2014 to December 2021 were retrospectively enrolled, including 415 patients with L-ALBI (≤-2.6) and 465 patients with high levels (>-2.6) of ALBI (H-ALBI). L-ALBI patients were randomized in a 7:3 ratio into the training cohort (N=289) and validation cohort (N=126). Multivariate Cox regression followed by random survival forest was carried out to identify independent risk factors for prediction nomogram construction. An examination of nomogram accuracy was performed using the C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA) curves. According to the nomogram, the patients were divided into low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves were applied to compare the difference in recurrence-free survival (RFS) among the three groups. The median RFS in L-ALBI patients was significantly longer than the H-ALBI patients (40.8m vs 20.1m, HR:1.71, 95% CI:1.44-2.04, P<0.0001). The nomogram was composed of five variables, such as age, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage, globulin, gamma-glutamyl transferase to lymphocyte ratio (GLR), and international normalized ratio (INR). The C-index (0.722 and 0.731) and 1-, 3-, and 5-year AUCs (0.725, 0.803, 0.870, and 0.764, 0.816, 0.798) of the training and validation cohorts proved the good predictive performance of the nomogram. Calibration curves and DCA curves demonstrated good consistency and good clinical utility. There were significant differences in RFS between the low-risk, intermediate-risk, and high-risk groups (P<0.0001). L-ALBI Patients who underwent TACE combined ablation had better recurrence-free survival than patients with H-ALBI. The nomogram developed and validated in our study had good predictive ability in recurrence for L-ALBI patients.

Association of Lymph Nodes Positive Rate With the Risk of Recurrence in Patients With Stage T1 Papillary Thyroid Cancer.

The incidence of lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is common and a significant risk factor for local recurrence; however, its impact on recurrence patterns among low-risk patients remains uncertain. We aimed to elucidate the effect of metastatic lymph node on recurrence type. The medical records of 1209 patients with stage T1 PTC who underwent unilateral thyroidectomy with ipsilateral central lymph node dissection were retrospectively analyzed. The study first identified risk factors for different types of recurrence and then categorized patients as high or low risk based on their lymph node positive ratio (LNPR). The diagnostic accuracy of LNPR in predicting recurrence was compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, while differences in recurrence-free survival were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. During follow-up, a total of 502 (41.5%) patients had central lymph node metastasis and 52 (4.3%) patients experienced recurrence. Notably, LNPR was significantly higher in relapsed patients compared to nonrelapsed patients, with mean values of 0.45 and 0.23, respectively (P < .001). The recurrence rate of residual thyroid did not differ significantly across different T stages (P = .679), N stages (P = .415), or LNPR risk groups (P = .175). However, the recurrence rate of lymph nodes showed a significant correlation with LNPR (P < .001). The area under the ROC curves for LNPR risk stratification at 5 and 10 years were approximately 0.691 and 0.634, respectively, both of which outperformed N stage. The findings underscore the significance of LNPR's reliability as a prognostic indicator for local lymph node recurrence in patients diagnosed with T1 stage PTC.

Feasibility and Comparative Prognosis of Segmentectomy vs. Lobectomy in Centrally Located Small and Solid Dominant cN0 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the feasibility of segmentectomy in patients with central, whole tumor size ≤2 cm and radiologically solid-dominant cN0 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 1240 patients who underwent lobectomy or segmentectomy for small and radiologically solid-dominant cN0 NSCLC between January 2010 and December 2022. The inclusion criteria encompassed centrally located tumors defined as tumors located in the inner two-thirds of the pulmonary parenchyma. Propensity score matching was applied to balance the baseline characteristics. ResultsAmong the 299 eligible patients, no significant differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were observed between the segmentectomy (n = 121) and lobectomy (n = 178) groups (P = .794 and .577, respectively). After propensity score matching, no significant differences in hilar and mediastinal lymph node upstaging were found among the 93 matched patients (P = 1.00) and locoregional recurrence was comparable between those who underwent segmentectomy (n = 4) and lobectomy (n = 4). RFS and OS did not significantly differ between the two groups (P = .700 and .870, respectively). Propensity score-adjusted multivariable Cox analysis for RFS and OS indicated that segmentectomy was not an independent prognostic factor (RFS: hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–1.85; P = .755; OS: hazard ratio, 1.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.38–3.14; P = .860). ConclusionsSegmentectomy may be a viable treatment option with local control and prognosis comparable to that of lobectomy in appropriately selected patients with central, small (≤2 cm), and radiologically solid-dominant NSCLC.

Outcomes after laparoscopic or open liver resection for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: a propensity score-matching study.

Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is rapidly gaining popularity; however, its efficacy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (NAFLD-HCC) has been not evaluated. The purpose of this study was to compare short- and long-term outcomes between LLR and open liver resection (OLR) among patients with NAFLD-HCC. We used a single-institution database to analyze data for patients who underwent LLR or OLR for NAFLD-HCC from January 2007 to December 2022. We performed propensity score-matching analyses to compare overall postoperative complications, major morbidities, duration of surgery, blood loss, transfusion, length of stay, recurrence, and survival between the two groups. Among 210 eligible patients, 46 pairs were created by propensity score matching. Complication rates were 28% for OLR and 11% for LLR (p = 0.036). There were no significant differences in major morbidities (15% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.522) or duration of surgery (199 min vs. 189 min, p = 0.785). LLR was associated with a lower incidence of blood transfusion (22% vs. 4.4%, p = 0.013), less blood loss (415 vs. 54 mL, p < 0.001), and shorter postoperative hospital stay (9 vs. 6 days, p < 0.001). Differences in recurrence-free survival and overall survival between the two groups were not statistically significant (p = 0.222 and 0.301, respectively). LLR was superior to OLR for NAFLD-HCC in terms of overall postoperative complications, blood loss, blood transfusion, and postoperative length of stay. Moreover, recurrence-free survival and overall survival were comparable between LLR and OLR. Although there is a need for careful LLR candidate selection according to tumor size and location, LLR can be regarded as a preferred treatment for NAFLD-HCC over OLR.

Low intraoperative end-tidal carbon dioxide levels are associated with improved recurrence-free survival after elective colorectal cancer surgery

Study objectiveHigher levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) increase the invasive abilities of colon cancer cells in vitro. Studies assessing target values for end-tidal CO2 concentrations (EtCO2) to improve surgical outcome after colorectal cancer surgery are lacking. Therefore, we evaluated whether intraoperative EtCO2 was associated with differences in recurrence-free survival after elective colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery. DesignSingle center, retrospective analysis. SettingAnesthesia records, surgical databases and hospital information system of a tertiary university hospital. PatientsWe analyzed 528 patients undergoing elective resection of colorectal cancer at Heidelberg University Hospital between 2009 and 2018. InterventionsNone. MeasurementsIntraoperative mean EtCO2 values were calculated. The study cohort was equally stratified into low-and high-EtCO2 groups. The primary endpoint measure was recurrence-free survival until last known follow-up. Groups were compared using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox-regression analysis was used to control for covariates. Sepsis, reoperations, surgical site infections and cardiovascular events during hospital stay, and overall survival were secondary outcomes. Main resultsMean EtCO2 was 33.8 mmHg ±1.2 in the low- EtCO2 group vs. 37.3 mmHg ±1.6 in the high-EtCO2 group. Median follow-up was 3.8 (Q1-Q3, 2.5–5.1) years. Recurrence-free survival was higher in the low-EtCO2 group (log-rank-test: p = .024). After correction for confounding factors, lower EtCO2 was associated with increased recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.138, 95%-CI:1.015–1.276, p = .027); the hazard for the primary outcome decreased by 12.1% per 1 mmHg decrease in mean EtCO2. 1-year and 5-year survival was also higher in the low-EtCO2 group. We did not find differences in the other secondary endpoints. ConclusionsLower intraoperative EtCO2 target values in CRC surgery might benefit oncological outcome and should be evaluated in confirmative studies.

A simple risk stratification model for prostate cancer using histopathologic findings of radical prostatectomy.

To develop a simple postoperative risk stratification based on histopathologic findings from radical prostatectomy specimens. This study included 3 cohorts of patients with a preoperative diagnosis of clinically localized prostate cancer: 1 derivation cohort (n=432) and 2 validation cohorts (n=506 and n=720). First, a postoperative risk stratification model was developed in the derivation cohort using the factors extraprostatic extension, surgical margin status, seminal vesicle invasion, and lymph node involvement. Each of the first 3 factors was assigned 0 or 1 point for negative or positive results, respectively, and the sum of the points, ranging from 0 to 3, was scored. pN1 was not scored but was analyzed separately. Validation cohorts were then used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the model. Additionally, we compared the model with the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) score. Because the log-rank test showed no statistically significant differences between scores 1 vs 2 or score 3 vs pN1 in the derivation cohort, the following 3-level risk stratification was created: low risk (score 0), intermediate risk (score 1-2), and high risk (score 3 or pN1). There were statistically significant differences in recurrence-free survival between any of 2 groups of 3-level risk stratification. This model similarly worked in both validation cohorts. The C indexes for the model were higher than those for the CAPRA score. This simple postoperative risk stratification model, based on radical prostatectomy findings, has a prognostic impact that has been validated in a multicenter population.

Abstract PS16-08: Histologic Pattern and Outcomes in High-Grade Metaplastic Breast Cancer Compared to Triple-Negative Ductal Breast Cancer Counterparts: A Single Institution Retrospective Study

Abstract Background Metaplastic breast cancer (MpBC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of breast cancer that presents with high tumor stage and a poor prognosis. MpBC tumors tend to have worse outcomes compared to other non-metaplastic triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). Although MpBC has been described as chemotherapy resistant, chemotherapy remains a mainstay of treatment. MpBC tumors can be further characterized by their specific histologic pattern. The existing literature on outcomes of MpBC by histologic pattern is limited, with varying results regarding response rate and overall survival (OS). Identifying a pattern of MpBC that has better response to treatment could help tailor treatment recommendations. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed and identified 106 patients with early-stage, high-grade MpBC who were diagnosed at Levine Cancer Institute between January 1, 2010 and September 1, 2021. A matched control cohort (n=106) of patients diagnosed with non-metaplastic TNBC was selected based on propensity score matching on diagnosis date, age at diagnosis, race, pathologic staging, and tumor grade. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, therapeutic interventions, residual cancer burden (RCB), and outcomes were collected. The associations between the histologic patterns of MpBC and disease characteristics were evaluated using chi-squared tests for categorical variables and Wilcoxon tests for continuous variables. We also examined the differences in RCB scores between the MpBC cohort and the non-metaplastic TNBC cohort who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard analysis was performed to assess differences in recurrence free survival (RFS) and OS between the spindle cell/sarcomatous pattern versus all other patterns. Results For the entire group (n=212), median age at diagnosis was 58 years (range, 24-92); all patients were female; 66% White, 29% Black, and 5% unknown race. Most tumors were triple-negative (91%); 19%, 56% and 14% with Clinical Stage I, II, and III disease, respectively. A total of 63% of patients underwent radiation treatment and 76% received chemotherapy (43% neoadjuvant and 57% adjuvant). Recurrence after treatment occurred in 16% of all patients. In the MpBC cohort (n=106), the histologic patterns included spindle cell/sarcomatous (34%), squamous (17%), heterologous mesenchymal (31%), mixed (17%), and other (1%). Of those with MpBC who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (n=32), RCB among the different histologic patterns was assessed. When comparing spindle cell/sarcomatous versus the other histologic patterns combined, there was no significant difference in RCB (p = 0.81), although more RCB III scores were recorded in the spindle cell/sarcomatous pattern compared to the other MpBC patterns (40% versus 30%). When assessing RFS and OS by histologic pattern in the entire MpBC cohort, spindle cell/sarcomatous tumors had inferior RFS (p = 0.0194) and OS (p = 0.0039) compared to the other MpBC patterns combined. When comparing RCB values between MpBC and non-metaplastic TNBC, there were numerically more RCB-III classes in the MpBC cohort as compared to the non-metaplastic TNBC. Conclusion MpBC is an aggressive and difficult breast malignancy to treat. Based on our single institution review, no correlation between RCB and the histologic pattern of MpBC was found, however, RFS and OS were worse among the spindle cell/sarcomatous pattern. Furthermore, the MpBC cohort had numerically higher RCB-III scores than the TNBC control cohort, which is in line with historical data. Citation Format: Ashley Matusz-Fisher, Annabel Chen, Erin Donahue, Courtney Schepel, Michelle Wallander, Chad Livasy, Richard White, Antoinette Tan, Lejla Hadzikadic-Gusic. Histologic Pattern and Outcomes in High-Grade Metaplastic Breast Cancer Compared to Triple-Negative Ductal Breast Cancer Counterparts: A Single Institution Retrospective Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PS16-08.

Abstract PO5-01-12: Factors Influencing Late Recurrence in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Impact of Hormone Therapy Regimens

Abstract Late recurrence of breast cancer remains a significant challenge in patient management. Despite the established efficacy of hormone therapy, factors influencing late recurrence and the impact of different hormone therapy regimens on this outcome are not yet fully understood. This study aims to investigate the key determinants contributing to late recurrence within the context of different hormone therapy regimens. This study is a retrospective analysis of medical records from two institutions between 1988 and 2018, specifically examining patients who had HR-receptor positive breast cancer who underwent surgery and completed a 5-year course of standard hormone therapy. Primary endpoint is to identify the demographic, clinical and pathologic factors as associated with late recurrence. Out of 1929 eligible patients, 49.6% (956) received Tamoxifen (TMX), 37.6% (726) received Aromatase inhibitors (AI), and 12.8% (247) switched between regimens (TMX to AI or AI to TMX). Median follow-up was 12.1 years (3.75 - 21.41 years). During this period, all-type recurrence (ATR) occurred in 9.3% of all patients, with higher rates in the TMX recipients (12.2%). Locoregional and contralateral recurrence were identified in 10.6% of TMX recipients, 6.5% of patients who switched regimens, and 5% of AI recipients. In all patients, 5.4% were diagnosed with distant metastasis, with slightly higher rates in the TMX recipients (6.4%). Multiple sites in the bone, lung, liver and brain (34.3%) was the most prevalent location of distant metastasis (DM), followed by soft tissue (20%), liver (16.2%), bone (10.5%), lung (8.6%), and other locations. Significant differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS) were observed between hormone therapy groups (p=0.004, log-rank test). Mean overall RFS was 20.4 years (95% C.I. 20.1-20.9 years). TMX recipients had a mean RFS of 19.8 years, AI recipients had a mean RFS of 18.3 years and those who switched regimens had a mean RFS of 21.9 years. Further analysis showed premenopausal patients who switched regimens had higher RFS (p=0.014). No significant difference in RFS was seen between premenopausal patients receiving AI or Tamoxifen, or amongst post-menopausal patients with different hormone therapy regimens. No significant difference in distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) was observed between hormone therapy groups (p=0.442). Mean overall DMFS was 21.5 years (95% C.I. 21.2 - 21.8 years), with TMX patients 21.1 years, AI patients at 18.6 years, and those who switched regimens at 21.4 years. Sub-analyses of DMFS in pre and postmenopausal patients with different hormone therapy regimens showed no significant differences. Multivariate analysis showed tumor size ≤ 2cm (p= 0.0001) and negative axillary node involvement (p= 0.0001) significantly decreased odds of developing late all-type recurrence (ATR) in TMX recipients. In patients who switched regimens, Her2 positivity (p=0.04) significantly decreased the odds of late ATR. In AI recipients, not undergoing axillary operation (p = 0.008) significantly increased the odds of late ATR. For TMX recipients, negative axillary node involvement (p=0.004), tumor size ≤ 2cm (p=0.03), and undergoing mastectomy (p=0.02) significantly decreased odds of distant metastasis (DM). Among patients who switched regimens, adjuvant anti-Her2 therapy (p=0.02) significantly decreased odds of DM. For AI recipients, high PR score (p=0.02) and undergoing sentinel lymph node biopsy significantly decreased odds of DM, while age &amp;lt; 50 years significantly increased odds of developing DM. These findings emphasize the significance of the relationship between hormone therapy regimens and factors affecting late recurrence, thereby providing valuable insights for clinical decision-making. Risk stratification based on identified factors can help in identifying patients at higher risk of late recurrence allowing for more intensive surveillance and potentially early intervention. Univariate (Chi-square, Logistic Regression) and Multivariate Analysis (Logistic Regression) for Clinicopathologic factors associated with all-type recurrence and distant metastasis after surgery and completion of 5-years endocrine therapy Table. a. LN lymph node b. SLNB, Sentinel lymph node biopsy c. ALND, Axillary lymph node dissection d. Cutoff values of Ki67 14% in KUAH and 10%in SNUH e. ER and PR cutoff value is 10% f. UV, Univariate analysis, MV multivariate analysis, O.R. Odds Ratio, C.I. Confidence Interval Citation Format: Mary Rose Mendoza, Eun-Shin Lee. Factors Influencing Late Recurrence in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Analysis of the Impact of Hormone Therapy Regimens [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-01-12.

Abstract GS02-06: Recurrence-free survival following sentinel node-positive breast cancer without completion axillary lymph node dissection – first results from the international randomized SENOMAC trial

Abstract Background The omission of a completion axillary lymph node dissection (cALND) after a positive sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer has been demonstrated to yield survival outcomes non-inferior to routine cALND in breast-conserving surgery followed by whole-breast irradiation (ACOSOG Z0011 and IBCSG 23-01 trials), and to axillary radiotherapy (RT) regardless of breast surgery (EORTC AMAROS trial). Mainly due to the under-representation of mastectomy patients, and a limited number of observed events compromising statistical power, the international randomized SENOMAC trial was initiated in 2015. The main aim of this non-inferiority trial was to address knowledge gaps relating to individuals treated by mastectomy, those with larger tumors and those with SLN extracapsular extension. Method The SENOMAC trial (NCT 02240472) enrolled patients with cT1-3cN0 primary breast cancer and 1-2 SLN macrometastases at 67 sites in five countries between January 27, 2015, and December 31, 2021. Participants were randomized 1:1 between cALND (standard) and omission of cALND (intervention). Stratification was per country. Breast-conserving surgery and mastectomy were eligible surgical interventions. Preoperative axillary ultrasound was mandatory; patients with non-palpable suspicious axillary lymph nodes, even if proven metastatic by biopsy, were eligible. SLN extracapsular extension was allowed. Adjuvant radiotherapy was dictated by national guidelines and not by the trial protocol. Statistical sample size calculation was based on the primary outcome overall survival. Non-inferiority was defined as a 5-year overall survival not worsened by more than 2.5% when refraining from cALND after the observation of 190 all-cause deaths in a target sample size of 3000 included patients. In the present analysis, the pre-specified secondary outcome of recurrence-free survival is reported. Results Out of 2766 randomized individuals, 2539 comprised the per-protocol population: 1204 in the standard and 1335 in the intervention group. Median follow-up was 37.1 months (1.5-75.0) and median age at inclusion 61 years (range 20-94). Most tumors belonged to the luminal subtype (93.6%); tumor stage was T1 in 1358 (53.5%), T2 in 1034 (40.7%) and T3 in 146 participants (5.8%). Out of 347 participants with suspicious lymph nodes on ultrasound, 36 had confirmed non-palpable metastasis. SLN extracapsular extension was reported in 866 (34.1%). The breast was conserved in 1621 (63.8%) and a mastectomy performed in 918 (36.2%) patients. Most patients (2127, 83.8%) received radiotherapy including nodal target volumes. In 34.1% of the standard group, additional non-SLN metastases were identified on cALND. Overall, 104 recurrences were reported, 54 (4.5%) in the standard and 50 (3.7%) in the intervention group. Of these, 11 recurrences were found in the ipsilateral axilla: 5 (0.4%) and 6 (0.5%), respectively. Recurrence-free survival did not differ between groups (country-adjusted HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.65-1.20). Conclusion Despite extended inclusion criteria, there was no difference in recurrence-free survival whether cALND was omitted (intervention) or not (standard). Patients undergoing mastectomy will specifically be addressed in subgroup analyses. Long-term follow-up is crucial considering the high proportion of luminal cancers. Citation Format: Jana de Boniface, Tove Tvedskov, Bergkvist Leif, Jan Frisell, Yvette Andersson, Sara Alkner, Malin Sund, Roger Olofsson Bagge, Dan Lundstedt, Oreste Davide Gentilini, Michalis Kontos, Toralf Reimer, Birgitte Offersen, Thorsten Kühn, Lisa Rydén, Peer Christiansen. Recurrence-free survival following sentinel node-positive breast cancer without completion axillary lymph node dissection – first results from the international randomized SENOMAC trial [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr GS02-06.

The Role of Thrombocyte/Lymphocyte Ratio and Aspartate Transaminase/Alanine Transaminase (De Ritis) Ratio in Prediction of Recurrence and Progression in Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer.

The purpose of the study was to determine the predictive value of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and Aspartate transaminase (AST)/alanine transaminase (ALT) ratio (De Ritis ratio) for recurrence and progression in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). A total of 231 patients who underwent transurethral tumor resection between 2016 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative test results, including AST, ALT, platelet, and lymphocyte counts, were used to calculate the PLR and De Ritis ratio. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the predictive factors associated with recurrence and progression. Based on the ROC curve, 1.19 and 1.21 were identified as the optimal cut-off values of the De Ritis ratio for recurrence and progression, respectively. Furthermore, PLR cut-off values for recurrence and progression were 114 and 118, respectively. There is a significant difference in recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) between the groups of patients with high and low De Ritis ratios (p = 0.028 and p = 0.021, respectively).In multivariate analysis, De Ritis ratio ≥ 1.19 and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) high recurrence risk were determined to be significant predictors of tumor recurrence. Multivariate analysis also determined that T1 pathological stage, high tumor grade, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) high progression risk, and De Ritis ratio ≥ 1.21 were risk factors for tumor progression. In our study, the preoperative De Ritis ratio represented an independent predictive factor for recurrence and progression in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. The use of this biomarker in combination with other diagnostic/predictive tools might help urologists improve the clinical decision-making process in the future.

Negative Impact of Intra-Operative Blood Transfusion on Survival Outcomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients.

Studies have reported that blood transfusion may have an association with survival outcomes of cancer patients. This study was aimed at finding the effect of intra-operative blood transfusion on the prognosis of patients of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This was a retrospective study. HCC patients who underwent tumor resection from January 2013 to November 2018 at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital were included. The survival time of patients receiving or not receiving blood transfusion during the operation were compared. Of HCC patients, 21.1% (102/484) received intra-operative blood transfusion. After propensity score matching, 87 pairs of patients were included in the study. In the subset of patients with a tumor size of >4 cm, univariable analysis found that there were significant differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS; P=0.004) and overall survival (OS; P=0.028) between blood transfusion and non-blood transfusion groups. After multivariable Cox regression analysis, intra-operative blood transfusion was an independent risk factor for RFS (HR: 2.011, 95% CI: 1.146-3.529, P=0.015), but not for OS (HR: 1.862, 95% CI: 0.933-3.715, P=0.078) in the subset of patients with a tumor size of >4 cm. Intra-operative blood transfusion was associated with worse RFS in HCC patients with a tumor size of >4 cm.

Radiofrequency ablation versus microwave ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma with cirrhosis: a propensity score analysis.

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) are the most frequently used percutaneous ablation techniques for the treatment of liver cancer. The aim of our study was to identify the ablation method that had a better long-term prognosis for patients with cirrhotic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This retrospective study consisted of HCC patients with cirrhosis who underwent RFA and MWA between January 2014 to December 2021 at Beijing You'an Hospital. Patients were divided into two groups according to the therapeutic approaches: the RFA group and the MWA group. The prognosis was compared before and after 1:1 propensity score matching (PSM). A total of 800 HCC patients with cirrhosis who received interventional treatment from January 2014 to December 2021 were prospectively enrolled. After PSM, there were 268 patients in each of the RFA and MWA groups. The statistically significant differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) between RFA and MWA groups can be observed, both before and after PSM. Besides, 1-, 3-year RFS, and 5-year OS rates were higher in those the RFA group than in the MWA group. Age, tumor size, gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were independent risk factors for RFS. Child-Pugh, lymphocyte (Lym), GGT, and treatment modality were independent risk factors for OS. For patients with HCC associated with cirrhosis, RFA can provide a better prognosis than MWA, with lower recurrence and mortality rate.

Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Clearance May Predict Treatment Response in Neoadjuvant Colorectal Cancer Management.

Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is extracellular DNA released by tumors and has been proposed as a marker of residual disease as well as a predictor of disease recurrence in the adjuvant setting. However, data are lacking on the utility of this biomarker in the neoadjuvant setting. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of stage III and IV colorectal cancer patients receiving neoadjuvant treatment at a single institution. Results: Seventeen patients converted from a positive pre-neoadjuvant ctDNA to a negative ctDNA prior to surgery. Five patients remained persistently positive despite systemic treatment. ctDNA conversion was found to be associated with a higher incidence of favorable treatment effect scores on final surgical pathology. There was no difference in recurrence-free survival in this small population. Furthermore, no added benefit was identified for patients receiving additional neoadjuvant therapy after the time of positive to negative ctDNA conversion. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential utility of ctDNA and the need for prospective trials in the neoadjuvant setting to monitor treatment response and guide decisions on treatment duration.

Molecular alterations and clinical prognostic factors in resectable non-small cell lung cancer

BackgroundEGFR inhibitor and immunotherapy have been approved for adjuvant treatment in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Limited reports of molecular and clinical characteristics as prognostic factors in NSCLC have been published.MethodsMedical records of patients with resectable NSCLC stage I–III diagnosed during 2015–2020 were reviewed. Real time-PCR (RT-PCR) was performed for EGFR mutations (EGFRm). Immunohistochemistry staining was conducted for ALK and PD-L1 expression. Categorical variables were compared using chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test. Survival analysis was done by cox-regression method.ResultsTotal 441 patients were included. The prevalence of EGFRm, ALK fusion, and PD-L1 expression were 57.8%, 1.9%, and 20.5% (SP263), respectively. The most common EGFRm were Del19 (43%) and L858R (41%). There was no significant difference of recurrence free survival (RFS) by EGFRm status whereas patients with PD-L1 expression (PD-L1 positive patients) had lower RFS compared to without PD-L1 expression (PD-L1 negative patients) (HR = 1.75, P = 0.036). Patients with both EGFRm and PD-L1 expression had worse RFS compared with EGFRm and PD-L1 negative patients (HR = 3.38, P = 0.001). Multivariable analysis showed higher CEA at cut-off 3.8 ng/ml, pT4, pN2, pStage II, and margin were significant poor prognostic factors for RFS in the overall population, which was similar to EGFRm population (exception of pT and pStage). Only pStage was a significant poor prognostic factor for PD-L1 positive patients. The predictive score for predicting of recurrence were 6 for all population (63% sensitivity and 86% specificity) and 5 for EGFRm population (62% sensitivity and 93% specificity).ConclusionThe prevalence and types of EGFRm were similar between early stage and advanced stage NSCLC. While lower prevalence of PD-L1 expression was found in early stage disease. Patients with both EGFRm and PD-L1 expression had poorer outcome. Thus PD-L1 expression would be one of the prognostic factor in EGFRm patients. Validation of the predictive score should be performed in a larger cohort.

Hürthle cell (Oncocytic) carcinoma – Is hemithyroidectomy enough?

BackgroundHürthle cell carcinoma (HCC) has traditionally been managed with total thyroidectomy. However, current evidence suggests a limited benefit to this approach due to the lack of radioactive iodine uptake. We sought to compare outcomes of HCC managed with hemi- (HEMI) vs. total thyroidectomy (TOTAL). MethodsA retrospective review of 309 patients who had surgery for HCC from 2000–2019 was performed. A subcohort was selected that matched each HEMI to a paired TOTAL on age and TNM stage. Associations of clinical and pathological features with surgery type were examined using paired t-tests and exact McNemar tests. Survival and recurrence were examined using Cox regression analysis. Results295 patients were in the study cohort, 42 (14%) HEMI and 253 (86%) TOTAL. Of the 42 HEMI; 69% were female, median age 57 years, Tx/T1 = 16, T2/T3 = 26, nodal disease in 1 and metastatic in 1. Compared to the 42 matched TOTAL, we found no associations of surgery type with age and TNM stage. Surgery type was also not associated with gender, race, pathology or focality (p > 0.05). Over a mean follow-up of 7.0 years in the matched cohort, there were 10 recurrences (8 TOTAL, 2 HEMI), 11 deaths (5 TOTAL, 6 HEMI) and 3 deaths from HCC (3 TOTAL, 0 HEMI). There were no differences in recurrence-free survival (p = 0.065), overall survival (p = 0.806) or disease-specific survival. ConclusionHemithyroidectomy is a reasonable treatment option for HCC. Extent of thyroidectomy does not affect recurrence-free survival or overall survival in our matched cohort. SynopsisSingle institution study with 295 patients with Hürthle cell carcinoma. A case-matched cohort to control for age and stage was used to compare hemi- versus total thyroidectomy. The extent of thyroidectomy did not affect recurrence free survival or overall survival.

Assessing disparities in pancreatic cancer outcomes in African Americans.

612 Background: Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (PA) is a leading cause of cancer-related death across the world, with poorer outcomes noted in minority populations. The observed variation in outcomes has been attributed to delayed diagnosis, barriers to optimal treatment and health care related disparities. We evaluated the impact of race on clinical presentation and outcomes in pancreatic cancer at a large academic teaching center. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed between January 2016 to December 2021. The demographic characteristics (age, tobacco use, alcohol use, BMI); comorbidities (diabetes, acute/chronic pancreatitis); pathology, treatment (chemotherapy regimen, radiation, surgery) and recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival based on race were analyzed. Results: The cohort (N=947) consisted of 147 (16%) African Americans (AA) and 775 (82%) Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW). The mean age at diagnosis was 68 years (±10) among AA and 70 years (±11) in NHW. Thirty-seven (26%) of AA and 104 (14%) of NHW were current smokers; 46 (33%) of AA and 323 (45%) of NHW consumed alcohol regularly. Among AA, 32 (22%) were obese (BMI&gt;30), compared to 194 (25%) in NHW. Other comorbidities included diabetes (35% in AA vs. 32% in NHW) and acute/chronic pancreatitis (11% among AA vs. 9% among NHW). Eighteen percent (18%) of AA and 17% of NHW had stage II disease, 16% and 12% had stage III and 48% in both had stage IV disease respectively. The treatment modality consisted of chemotherapy (63% in AA vs. 66% in NHW), surgery (25% in AA vs. 26% in NHW) and radiation (10% in AA vs. 12% in NHW). The median time to treatment initiation was 30 (17, 41) months for AA and 26 (16, 40) months for NHW. On univariate analysis, AA race was associated with younger age at diagnosis (p 0.043), higher current tobacco use (p 0.001), lower alcohol use (p 0.012), lower rates of obesity (p 0.024) and higher rate of acute pancreatitis (p 0.037) in pancreatic cancer. On multivariate analysis, race was not associated with difference in recurrence free survival (12 months in AA vs. 14 months in NHW; p 0.96) when adjusted for age, sex, alcohol use, tobacco use, cancer stage and chemotherapy. High mean age, clinical stage II, III and IV, current alcohol use, underweight and BMI&gt;30 and cerebrovascular accident as a comorbidity was associated with worse overall survival when adjusted for other variables. Conclusions: Our study revealed that pancreatic cancer in AA was diagnosed at a younger age, associated with active smoking and pancreatitis. We observe there was no difference in treatment initiation among AA and NHW. There was no significant difference in recurrence free survival and overall survival compared to NHW when adjusted for other variables. Future studies incorporating germline mutations, novel biomarkers are needed to determine impact of racial health disparities on outcomes in pancreatic cancer.

A long-term retrospective analysis of management of cervical cancer during pregnancy.

This study aims to describe cervical cancer during pregnancy (CCP) and investigate factors associated with survival outcomes. This retrospective matched study included CCP patients from May 2007 to August 2021 and matched non-pregnant cervical cancer patients (1:2) based on age (±5 years), year at diagnosis (±2 years), histological type and stage (2018 FIGO). The Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to assess the impact of pregnancy and clinicopathologic factors on prognosis. Thirty-eight CCP patients (stage IA to IIIC) and 76 non-pregnant patients were included. Most CCP patients were diagnosed in the first (31.6%) or second (47.4%) trimester. CCP patients had a longer waiting time than non-pregnant patients. Pregnancy continued in 42.1% (continuation of pregnancy [COP] group) and was terminated in 57.9% (termination of pregnancy [TOP] group) of patients. Survival analysis showed no significant differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS) between pregnant and non-pregnant patients or between the COP and TOP groups. At the end of the follow-up period (range 12-178 months), 23 children born to CCP patients exhibited normal development. Pregnancy does not impact cervical cancer prognosis. The oncologic outcomes of the TOP and COP groups were comparable. A pregnancy-preserving strategy could be considered for managing CCP patients.

The role of obesity in treatment planning for early-stage cervical cancer

ObjectivesOptimal management of obese patients with early-stage cervical cancer is debated despite evidence of non-inferior survival in obese patients undergoing radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy (RH) compared to primary radiation with or without radiosensitizing chemotherapy (RT). Objectives included describing patient factors affecting disposition to RH versus RT; comparing RH outcomes for obese (BMI >30 mg/m2) and non-obese patients; and comparing differences in recurrence free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). MethodsThis was a single institution cohort study of all cervical cancer patients who underwent RH or were candidates for RH based on clinical stage. Demographic, clinicopathologic and treatment outcomes were collected and analyzed. ResultsRT patients (n = 39, 15%) had a higher BMI (p = 0.004), older age (p < 0.001), more life-limiting comorbidities (LLC) (p < 0.001), larger tumor size (p = 0.001), and higher clinical stage (p = 0.013) compared to RH patients (n = 221, 85%). On multivariable survival analysis there was no difference in OS based on treatment modality; significant predictors of worse OS were larger tumor size, higher number of LLC and recurrence. Among the RH group, obese patients had a longer operative time (p = 0.01) and more LLC (p = 0.02); there were no differences in demographic or clinicopathologic characteristics, operative outcomes, RFS or OS compared to non-obese patients. ConclusionIn this cohort of RH-eligible cervical cancer patients, BMI was independently associated with disposition to RT. Studies demonstrate that RH is feasible and safe in obese patients with no difference in RFS or OS when compared to non-obese patients. Thus, the decision for disposition to RT should not be based on obesity alone.

Treatment options for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma ≤5 cm: surgery vs. ablation: a multicenter retrospective study.

The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic efficacy of ablation and surgery in solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) measuring ≤5 cm with a large HCC cohort database. The study included consecutive 2,067 patients with solitary HCC who were treated with either ablation (n=1,248) or surgery (n=819). Th e patients were divided into three groups based on the tumor size and compared the outcomes of the two therapies using propensity score matching. No significant difference in recurrence-free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS) was found between surgery and ablation groups for tumors measuring ≤2 cm or >2 cm but ≤3 cm. For tumors measuring >3 cm but ≤5 cm, RFS was significantly better with surgery than with ablation (3.6 and 2.0 years, respectively, P=0.0297). However, no significant difference in OS was found between surgery and ablation in this group (6.7 and 6.0 years, respectively, P=0.668). The study suggests that surgery and ablation can be equally used as a treatment for solitary HCC no more than 3 cm in diameter. For HCCs measuring 3-5 cm, the OS was not different between therapies; thus, ablation and less invasive therapy can be considered a treatment option; however, special caution should be taken to prevent recurrence.