Difference In Posttest Scores Research Articles

Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Infografis Statis Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa dalam Mata Pelajaran Sejarah

This research is motivated by problems in learning activities in History subjects, namely the lack of use of learning media amidst developments in technology and information. Learning media is something that is used to convey messages in the form of learning materials. An example of learning media that can be used is static infographic media. Static infographic media is media that synergizes data, text and images in the form of simple media aimed at readers. The use of text and images in static infographic media can make it easier for students to absorb the information contained in the media so that the use of static infographic media can influence student learning outcomes. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of using static infographic media on student learning result in the History subject class XI IPS at SMA Negeri 1 Martapura. In this research, quantitative method choosen as research method with Quasi Experiment model. Purposive sampling technique choosen as sampling technique in this research. The instruments used in this research are test instruments in the form of multiple choice questions to measure student learning results and non-test instruments in the form of student response questionnaires, media expert validation questionnaires and material expert validation questionnaires. The research results showed (1) the learning outcomes of experimental class students in the history of the Renaissance and Church Reformation subjects were higher than those of the control class, with an average score for the control class of 75.41 and the experimental class of 85.57. (2) based on data analysis of post-test values using the t-test, with the results of a significance value of Sig. (2-tailed) obtained is 0.000 < 0.050, meaning that Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected. This shows that there is an influence of the use of static infographic media on the learning outcomes of class XI IPS students. The conclusion from the research results is that there is an influence of the use of static infographic media on learning outcomes. This is shown by the difference in post-test scores for the experimental class and the control class. The post-test score in the experimental class was higher than the post-test score in the control class.

Effect of Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) Programme on Playfulness in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective: To investigate the effect of cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance (CO-OP) programme on playfulness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Material and Methods: Seventy Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder participants (N=70), aged between 6-8 years were recruited from a local community-based setting. The children were divided into an experimental (n=35) and a control group (n=35). The experimental group participants received CO-OP and the control group participants received the conventional occupational therapy programme; for 12 weeks. The test on playfulness was used to measure playfulness in children.Results: There were statistically significant differences between pretest and post-test scores of the test of playfulness (TOP) in the experimental group (p-value≤0.05) components of: Extent, Intensity and Skillfulness, and there were statistically significant differences between pretest and post-test group of TOP in the control group (p-value≤0.05) in Intensity and Skillfulness. There was no statistically significant difference in pretest and post-test scores of TOP in the component of Extent. Further analysis revealed that clinically there was significant differences in the post-test scores of TOP between the control and experimental group components of Extent, Intensity and Skillfulness.Conclusion: CO-OP was effective in improving playfulness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Interactive pregnancy education on stress, cortisol, and epinephrine level in primigravida of trimester III pregnant: a quasi-experimental.

Infant mortality is caused by various health problems, especially since the gestation period, even starting before the gestation period. Stress during pregnancy affects the motor, cognitive, and emotional development of the baby. This study aims to determine the effect of interactive pregnancy education (IPE) on decreasing levels of cortisol, epinephrine, and its relationship with stress levels in third-trimester primigravida pregnant women. This research is a quasi-experimental study using a nonequivalent control group design, which has two groups, namely the experimental group and the control group. The authors compared the experimental group that was given the intervention with the control group that was not given any treatment. This research was conducted in the three Community Health Centers in Indonesia from June 2022 until December 2022. The samples were 30 third-trimester primigravida pregnant women for the intervention and control groups. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests with SPSS 22 software. The results of this study indicate that IPE has a good impact on pregnant women, where there is a significant relationship in the post-test cortisol and epinephrine levels in the intervention group. This indicates that IPE contributed to the difference in post-test scores in the intervention group. The IPE method is effective in reducing stress levels and cortisol levels in pregnant women, especially in pregnant women with high levels of stress.

Implementasi Pembelajaran Blended Learning pada Materi PJOK Berbasis Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) pada Jenjang SMA Kelas XI terhadap Motivasi Belajar dan Hasil Belajar Siswa

The digital era and technological advancements today make learning much easier. By using technology in teaching, we hope to have a positive impact on students' motivation and learning outcomes. This study implemented blended learning based on TPACK at SMA Negeri 1 Taman for 11th grade. This study used an experimental method with treatment and control groups, conducting pretests and posttests. The treatment group received blended learning based on TPACK. The results showed differences in posttest scores, explained by nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests. While both motivation and learning outcomes had sig. > 0.05, the mean difference showed variations. The control group had a motivation mean of 48.38, whereas the treatment group scored higher at 52.62. For learning outcomes, the control group scored 8.605, while the treatment group achieved 8.614. These results indicate that the treatment group showed greater improvement. Therefore, it can be concluded that implementing blended learning based on TPACK has an impact on improving students' learning outcomes and motivation in PJOK (Physical Education, Sport, and Health). The research confirms the role of blended learning based on TPACK in enhancing students' learning outcomes in PJOK.

Increasing Reproductive Health Knowledge of Indonesian Female Migrant Workers Through Case Study Learning Method

Background: Reproduction health in migrant workers is complicated and difficult to handle. Health education is one of the methods to increase the knowledge about health reproduction. Aims: The study aimed to analyze the knowledge of migrant workers related to reproductive health through case study learning method. Methods: The study is an intervention research. Total respondents were 135 participants. The intervention was conducted in 3 groups of female migrant workers. The intervention given was related to reproductive health with 4 meetings in the first group, 8 meetings in the second group and 12 meetings in the third group. Group 2 and 3 used case study as learning method. The measurement of knowledge of the three groups was through pre-test and post-test. The statistical test used ANOVA to determine differences between intervention groups and T Test to determine the difference between pre-test and post-test scores. Results: There were significant differences in pre-test and post-test scores in all groups and there was significant difference in post-test scores in groups 1 and 3 of p=0.001. Conclusion: Health education given to migrant workers is proven to be able to increase the level of knowledge related to reproductive health. The group that received case study as learning method and more number of meeting, had a better level of knowledge.

Using Social Networking Tools for Teaching the English Directive Speech Act of Command to Undergraduate Arab EFL Learners

This study investigates the effectiveness of using social networking tools for teaching the speech act of command to undergraduate Arab EFL learners. Employing an experimental pre-test post-test design, the research involved 40 students distributed across four groups: two experimental groups utilizing social networking tools for direct and indirect command instruction, and two control groups receiving traditional teaching methods. Over a three-week period, the speech act of command was taught to the four groups either through WhatsApp groups or conventional classroom instruction. A discourse completion task was used to assess participants' pragmatic competence before and after the intervention. Results of ANOVA tests showed a significant difference in post-test scores, with the experimental groups outperforming the control groups. Remarkably, among the experimental groups, those exposed to indirect command instruction exhibited the highest mean score. This suggests that social networking tools can positively impact learning outcomes for teaching speech acts like command. The study highlights the value of incorporating innovative technological approaches that align with the evolving communicative needs and preferences of contemporary learners.

The Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy on Communication Beliefs and Marital Burnout among Couples on the Verge of Divorce

Objective: The purpose of the current research was to determine the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral couple therapy on communication beliefs and marital burnout among couples on the verge of divorce. Methods and Materials: The study employed a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with a control group. The population consisted of couples seeking divorce who visited counseling clinics in Tehran in the year 2022, with 32 individuals being conveniently selected and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group, each comprising 16 members. Data were collected using the Communication Beliefs Questionnaire and the Marital Burnout Questionnaire. The cognitive-behavioral couple therapy intervention for the couples in the experimental group was conducted over eight weekly sessions, each lasting an hour and a half, while the control group was placed on a waiting list. Findings: The findings indicated that there were significant differences in post-test scores between the experimental and control groups in terms of communication beliefs and marital burnout. Conclusion: Therefore, cognitive-behavioral couple therapy has an effect on communication beliefs and marital burnout among couples on the verge of divorce.

The Effects of Genre Based Approach and Process Approach on EFL Writing Class

Indonesian students learn English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Indonesian students who are second language users (L2 learners) have limited knowledge of frequently used words compared to first language users (L1 learners) and native English speakers. EFL students made more mistakes and errors in EFL writing classes due to limited vocabulary. A frequent word is a single word in the first three frequency levels of the 1000 words. To fill this gap, this study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a genre-based approach (GBA) and a process approach to writing (PAW) on student writing skills. In this study, a quasi-experimental study design was applied in the form of a pre-test and post-test control group design. As a sample for this study, two classes of 3rd semester undergraduate students from the Faculty of Economics and Business in Sumenep, East Java, Indonesia were randomly selected. Seventy students participated in the study, of which 35 students in the experimental group received the GBA and another 35 students in the control group received the process approach to writing. Data were analysed using independent and dependent (paired) sample t-tests. The resulting findings showed that: 1) There was a significant difference in post-test scores between students taught using a genre-based approach and those taught using a process approach to writing. 2) Adopting a genre-based writing approach or a process approach has had a big impact. This study shows that the genre-based approach contributes more than the writing approach. In conclusion, the GBA or PAW was effective in teaching English writing skills.

The Effect of Classical Music on Two Sports Skills, Agility and Quick Penalty Shot, in Female Basketball Players

Background: The psychological and physiological effects of music have become an attractive field of sports research in the past decade. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of classical music on two sports skills, agility and free throw shooting, in female basketball players. Methods: The study population consisted of all female basketball players on a team. From those who met the study criteria, 26 participants were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group (without classical music) and an experimental group (with classical music). The research variables were measured using pre-tests and post-tests. Independent t-test was used to test the research hypotheses. Results: The results of the statistical tests showed a significant difference in post-test scores between the experimental and control groups (P < .05). Conclusions: Listening to classical music significantly improved the performance of female basketball players on agility and free throw shoo ting tasks.

The effect of a 12-week 'Brain Jogging' learning model on gross motor: locomotor skills

Study Purpose. The primary objective of this study was to test the effects of the 'brain jogging' learning model on basic locomotor movement abilities among elementary school students. Methods. This research is a quasi-experimental study, employing a two-group pretest-posttest design. The 'brain jogging' based learning model was compared to traditional learning models, specifically direct instruction. The sample consisted of 30 fourth-grade students, divided into two parallel grades, A and B, both possessing similar characteristics in terms of age, average height/weight, sports learning material, duration, and timing of sports learning sessions. Students receiving the 'brain jogging' based learning model treatment attended twice a week and maintained a 90% attendance rate. Each game or activity is aligned with a specific goal related to a 'brain jogging' sub-training item. Data were analyzed using SPSS IBM 26. Initial steps included comparing descriptive data to the entire population size, and establishing the distribution of variables, the mean, and the standard deviation (SD). Subsequently, an independent sample t-test was utilized to ascertain the effect of 12 weeks of the 'brain jogging' based learning model on the experimental group. Results. The mean difference in post-test scores between control and experimental groups was determined based on the significance level from the SPSS IBM 26 output (p < 0.05). The independent sample t-test revealed significant results in various categories: run (p = 0.000), gallop (p = 0.000), hop (p = 0.000), leap (p = 0.000), horizontal jump (p = 0.000), and slide (p = 0.009). Conclusions. Based on the independent sample t-test results, the hypothesis is accepted. This indicates significant differences between the control and experimental groups. Statistically significant improvements were observed in run, gallop, hop, leap, horizontal jump, and slide abilities among elementary school students. The 'brain jogging' based learning model presents a promising approach to enhancing locomotor skills.

An examination of an 8-week online activity-specific skills program to BMI of local college students

Requiring college students to engage in basic resistance training, locomotor, and non-locomotor exercises has shown mixed results in decreasing and improving BMI. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an online activity-specific skills program on college students’ BMI. An experimental research design was employed, with students participating in activity-specific exercises for eight consecutive weeks. Demographic factors, including gender, pre- and post-test BMI, and the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire, were considered. An Independent Sample T-Test was used to determine significant differences in post-test scores based on gender, while a Paired Samples T-Test was used to analyze differences between pre- and post-test scores. The results indicated no significant difference in the pre-test scores. Moreover, after the eight-week activity-specific skills program, there was no significant difference observed between the pre- and post-test scores. The movement patterns taught in PE 1, encompassing locomotor, non-locomotor, and basic resistance training, did not impact students’ body mass indexes. These findings may prompt educators to reassess the effectiveness of current physical education methods or to explore alternative approaches that might be more successful in reducing students’ BMI. As the results are inconclusive, further research with a larger sample size is needed to validate the assertions made in this study.

Use of Video-Based Instruction With Code-Switching To Improve Students’ Attitudes And Performance

In a world of extraordinary technological progress, teachers use a variety of ways to provide effective physical education classes. It demanded a transition from traditional to advanced digital learning. This study examined the effect of video-based instruction with code-switching on students' performance and attitudes in Physical Education. The research utilized a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design with two groups of 78 senior high school students in Bukidnon, Philippines. The data were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The data showed that the performance of the experimental group, who received video-based instruction with code-switching, improved significantly more than the control group from the pre-test to the post-test. However, there was no significant difference in post-test scores in students' attitudes towards the subject between those who received Video-Based Instruction with Code-Switching and those who did not. Consequently, the language used (code-switching) is an effective tool for instruction for improving student performance and attitudes. This paper may serve as a wake-up call for the Department of Education to advocate using local language in all K–-12 programs, not just at the primary levels, given that education is essential for building a better nation. PE teachers should take note of these consequences while creating lessons that support learning and cater to the requirements and interests of diverse students.

Influence of information presentation form on online learning based on dynamics theory of visual perception form

With the development of information technology, online learning has become an important way of teaching in colleges and universities. The importance of online learning is particularly prominent, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. How to improve online learning quality is a common problem faced by educators. Online learning quality is closely related to information presentation form, so it is necessary to study the influence of information presentation form on online learning. Based on the dynamics theory of visual perception form and its operating principle, this study compares the differences in post-test scores, cognitive load and satisfaction between the information dynamics presentation form and the traditional information presentation form through a two-factor random experiment. The data analysis shows that information presentation form plays a significant role in improving students’ academic performance and reducing cognitive load. To a certain extent, there search proves the effectiveness of the information presentation form based on dynamics theory of visual perception form in promoting online learning. Relevant improvement suggestions are proposed to provide a reference and basis for the in-depth development of online learning and the improvement of online learning quality.

Use of Smart Learning Resource Management Systems for Sustainable Learning

Learning resources are very important to all the stakeholders in the world of education. There is a very large number of learning resources today and they are scattered all over the internet. This study was about the development of a new smart learning resource management system called STOU SmartLearnX, which can locate and pull up digital content from the internet and social media. It has integrated technology to support independent learning via digital media. The system passed quality control evaluation by a panel of 15 experts before being tested on bachelor’s degree students enrolled in an online course emphasizing nanolearning style offered by an open university in Thailand. The 65 sample students testing the system came from Humanities and social science, Science and technology and Health science. They were given a pretest before using STOU SmartLearnX in the course and a posttest after using it, and their mean scores were compared using t-test dependent and one-way ANOVA. Mean posttest scores were higher than pretest scores to a statistically significant degree, but there was no significant difference in posttest scores between the students from the group, indicating that the system can be successfully used for learning in different subject areas. In the future the system may be further developed to make it able to deliver more precise results by utilizing advanced searches and images. Searches should take into account the context and should be responsive.

The effect of Modeled Talk strategy on improving EFL Preparatory Pupils’ speaking skill

The purpose of this research is to determine whether or not the Modelled Talk strategy improved the speaking skills of EFL Preparatory Pupils as measured by post-test recognition and production scores, as well as whether or not there was a significant difference in the performance of the experimental group between pre- and post-tests. Hypotheses for this research include,there is no significant difference in post-test scores between the Modelled Talk and control groups and there is no significant difference in post-test scores between the Modelled Talk and Post-Test 1 and Post-Test 2 experimental groups.The present study sampled (60)sixth grade class of the al-shaheed ahmed Fattah primary school in Bayji town during academic year (2021-2022). There are two groups for research , A and B, each with 30 pupils , A serves as an experimental group and B serves as a control group.Both groups have been equalized in terms of educational of parents testee’s age and English achievement.Six weeks have passed since the beginning of the experiment in the first semester of the academic year 2021–2022. Multiple statistical methods, including the T-test, weighted mean, and percentile mean, have been used to examine data that was gathered from students' post-tests .These results show that utilizing a modelled conversation technique is more efficient than the conventional approach. The report wraps off with some last thoughts, comments, and recommendations

Technology-Supported Physical Activity Course for Increasing Physical Activity Levels of University Students: System Development and Pilot Implementation

This paper investigates and pilots design principles focusing on developing a technology-supported physical activity course for increasing university students' physical activity levels. Four initial design principles from a previous systematic review were confirmed and validated in a series of Focus Group discussions with twenty-two participants (10 lecturers and 12 students) from one public university in Bandung, Indonesia. As a result, an additional three initial design principles were created. A technology prototype was developed based on the seven initial design principles. A prototype LMS (PESSPA), incorporated within a smartphone application (PESAPA), was designed, validated, and built on during this phase. A pilot study was conducted involving two physical education classes at the public university in Bandung, Indonesia to test and evaluate the prototypes. Two lecturers and 39 students participated in the pilot study. One lecturer implemented the technology prototype in the intervention group (n=22). The control group (n=17) was taught with a control lecturer with the same content but without PESSPA and PESAPA for 16 weeks. Findings showed that there were no significant differences in post-test scores between the intervention and control groups in all outcomes except for amotivation (P = 0.022). Positive small to medium effect sizes were found for intervention participants, compared with control participants, for all outcomes including physical activity outcomes (moderate intensity [d=0.09], total physical activity [d=0.21], and vigorous intensity [0.37]), motivation outcomes (introject regulation [0.14], intrinsic regulation [d=0.25], identified regulation [d=0.74]), and physical activity knowledge (d=0.20). The class observations and feedback from the intervention lecturer and students during the pilot study were analysed, resulting in nine revised design principles. The prototype should be modified based on the revised design principles and tested with a larger sample size in a randomised controlled trial.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING VIDEO-BASED LEARNING MEDIA ON LEARNING MOTIVATION OF STUDENTS OF CLASS X SMA NEGERI 3 SAMARINDA

The use of learning media is one of the efforts that can be used by teachers to increase students' learning motivation. One of the learning media that can be used is video-based learning media. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of video-based learning media on the learning motivation of class X students of SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda. The subjects in this study were students of class X A as the experimental class and XE as the control class. The type of research used is experimental research with posttest only control group design. Based on the results of the study, it was found that video-based learning media had an effect on the learning motivation of class X students at SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda. This can be seen from the results of the posttest and the results of observations as supporting data. The difference in posttest scores in the experimental class was superior when compared to the control class. The test used in this study is the Mann Whitney test as an alternative to test the research hypothesis and it can be concluded that H0 is rejected or Ha is accepted, which means that video-based learning media is effective on the learning motivation of class X students at SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda.

Motion and Memory in VR: The Influence of VR Control Method on Memorization of Foreign Language Orthography

A small-scale investigation of 22 first-time VR users was conducted to determine the extent to which different control methods (“Touch Mode” and “Point Mode”) influenced participants’ ability to memorize the educational content (Hebrew orthography) in an original VR game. In Touch Mode, participants selected user interface (UI) elements by physically moving their hands (and upper bodies) toward targets in virtual space, whereas in Point Mode, participants could manipulate a virtual laser pointer with their wrists to select UI targets from a stationary position. The Point Mode control method required less time to learn on average than the Touch Mode with high-medium effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.76). Ultimately, the difference in post-test scores between Touch Mode users and Point Mode users was not statistically significant (p = .294). Thus, the increased bodily motion necessitated by Touch Mode did not have a significant influence on memory function as initially hypothesized.

The Effect of Classical Music on Two Sports Skills, Agility and Quick Penalty Shot, in Female Basketball Players

Background: The psychological and physiological effects of music have become an attractive field of sports research in the past decade. Objectives: This study investigated the effect of classical music on two sports skills, agility and free throw shooting, in female basketball players. Methods: The study population consisted of all female basketball players on a team. From those who met the study criteria, 26 participants were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group (without classical music) and an experimental group (with classical music). The research variables were measured using pre-tests and post-tests. Independent t-test was used to test the research hypotheses. Results: The results of the statistical tests showed a significant difference in post-test scores between the experimental and control groups (P < .05). Conclusions: Listening to classical music significantly improved the performance of female basketball players on agility and free throw shoo ting tasks.

A meta-analytic review of gamified interventions in mental health enhancement

This meta-analytic review aimed to investigate the effectiveness of gamified interventions in bolstering mental health. The gamification and the control groups were compared in terms of the between-group differences in posttest scores of both mental wellness (subjective well-being and quality of life) and psychological symptoms (anxiety and depressive symptoms). The review analyzed 42 studies involving 5792 participants (aged 8–74) across eight world regions. The random-effects meta-analysis revealed an overall small to medium effect size (Hedges’ g = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.55; k = 141). The benefits of gamification in enhancing mental wellness were independent of both game and demographic characteristics, but there were intricate findings for studies examining the benefits of gamification in reducing psychological symptoms. For anxiety symptom reduction, the effects were larger (vs. smaller) in studies adopting specific (vs. general) measures of anxiety and in samples comprising a higher (vs. lower) proportion of males (ps < .04). For depressive symptom reduction, the effects were larger (vs. smaller) in non-clinical (vs. clinical) samples (p = .01). These new findings are promising in showing the viability of gamification in promoting mental wellness, encouraging greater collaborations among scholars, practitioners, and game developers to contribute to the growing field of gamification science by co-designing more effective gamified interventions.