Differences In Forced Vital Capacity Research Articles

Small airway function in predicting asthma control in preschool children

AbstractAsthma control in children is often challenging. This retrospective cohort study aimed to investigate the potential contribution of small airway function in predicting asthma control within a 2‐ to 3‐month period following the initial diagnosis in preschool children with asthma. A total of 219 preschool children diagnosed with asthma were enrolled, and their follow‐up was conducted by pediatric pulmonary physicians. Clinical history and lung function results were collected for analysis. To identify risk factors associated with poor asthma control, a multivariable regression model was employed. Sixty‐nine of the patients (31.5%) exhibited poor asthma control. Poor adherence to therapy (14.5% vs. 6.0%, p = 0.038) and the presence of severe airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) (20.6% vs. 1.6%, p < 0.001) were more prevalent in the group with poor control. Additionally, baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s in predicting (94.5% vs. 101.4%, p = 0.001), forced expiratory flows (FEF)50% (66.1% vs. 86.0%, p < 0.001), FEF75% (60.9% vs. 75.3%, p = 0.001), and FEF25–75% (70.9% vs. 86.0%, p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the poorly‐controlled group than those of well‐controlled group. There was no significant difference in forced vital capacity in predicting (FVC%) between the two groups (92.4% vs. 96.7%, p = 0.093). Multivariable regression model unveiled initial severe AHR (OR 8.595, 95%CI 1.241–59.537, p = 0.021) and decreased FEF50% (OR 0.971, 95%CI 0.949–0.994, p = 0.012) were significantly associated with short‐term poor asthma control. Preschool children with asthma who exhibites initial severe AHR and/or decreased FEF50% faces an elevated risk of encountering poor asthma control during the subsequent 2–3 months.

Implications for respiratory muscle training in patients with stroke-associated pneumonia: a meta-analysis

Purpose To evaluate the effect of respiratory muscle training on improving lung function in patients with stroke-associated pneumonia. Materials and methods A systematic retrieval was conducted using the databases of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, the Web of Science, Embase, ProQuest, and others. Studies involving patients who received respiratory muscle training with/without a breathing trainer and those who adopted routine post-stroke rehabilitation training were included in the systematic review. The statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software. Results Fourteen studies were included involving 850 patients with stroke. According to the results of the meta-analysis, compared with the control group, there were statistically significant differences in forced vital capacity (FVC) measurements (mean difference (MD) = 0.93, p < 0.0001) and improvement values for FEV1/FVC (MD = 0.65, p < 0.00001) in the experimental group. The FEV1 value was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (MD = 5.89, p < 0.0001). Furthermore, respiratory muscle training was superior to routine rehabilitation training for improving the PImax of patients with stroke (MD = 9.20, p < 0.0001). The patients had better respiratory tolerance after respiratory muscle training intervention (MD = 73.40, p < 0.0001). Conclusions The implementation of respiratory muscle training can improve FVC and FEV lung function indicators, inspiratory muscle strength and the 6-min walk test results in patients with stroke.

Rituximab compared to intravenous cyclophosphamide in adults with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: the RECITAL RCT

Background Interstitial lung disease frequently complicates systemic autoimmune disorders including scleroderma, idiopathic inflammatory myositis and mixed connective tissue disease, resulting in considerable morbidity and mortality. Based on the results of trials undertaken in scleroderma, cyclophosphamide is the standard of care for individuals with severe or progressive connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease. Observational studies suggest that the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, rituximab is an effective rescue therapy in treatment of refractory connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease, but it has not been studied as first-line therapy in clinical trials. Objectives To compare the safety and efficacy of rituximab against that of cyclophosphamide as treatment for individuals with severe, progressive interstitial lung disease associated with scleroderma, idiopathic inflammatory myositis or mixed connective tissue disease. Methods This was a Phase IIb, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy study assessing the superiority of rituximab compared with cyclophosphamide, conducted in rheumatology or interstitial lung disease units at 11 UK centres. The study recruited individuals with extensive and/or progressive connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease, excluding those with significant comorbidities, including airflow obstruction. Participants were randomised 1 : 1 to receive either rituximab 1 g given intravenously, twice at an interval of 2 weeks, or intravenous cyclophosphamide given monthly for 6 months at a dose of 600 mg/m2 body surface area. The primary end point for the study was the change in forced vital capacity at 24 weeks. Secondary end points included safety and tolerability, corticosteroid exposure, forced vital capacity change at 48 weeks and patient-reported quality of life. A cost-effectiveness analysis was undertaken to assess the impact of rituximab use in the United Kingdom National Health Service. Results One hundred and one subjects (70 females) with a mean age of 56.3 years were randomised; 51 to rituximab and 50 to cyclophosphamide. Ninety-seven were included in the modified intention-to-treat population for the primary and secondary efficacy analyses (49 in the rituximab group and 48 in the cyclophosphamide group). 38.6% had scleroderma, 44.6% idiopathic inflammatory myositis and 16.8% mixed connective tissue disease. Four subjects withdrew prior to the first dose of therapy (two in each arm). At 24 weeks, both rituximab and cyclophosphamide improved forced vital capacity from baseline [(mean ± standard deviation) 97 ± 234 and 99 ± 329 ml, respectively]. Using an adjusted mixed-effects model corrected for diagnosis and baseline forced vital capacity the difference in forced vital capacity at 24 weeks between rituximab and cyclophosphamide was −40 ml (95% CI −153 to 74 ml), p = 0.49. Other physiological and quality-of-life parameters improved in both arms following treatment but were not statistically significantly different between groups. Numerically fewer adverse events were reported by subjects receiving rituximab. Corticosteroid exposure over the 48 weeks of the trial was numerically less in the rituximab arm [13,291 (±14,657) mg of hydrocortisone equivalent per subject in the cyclophosphamide arm versus 11,469 (±10,041) mg per subject in the rituximab group; these differences did not reach statistical significance]. Limitations of the study include a disproportionate number of subjects being recruited from a single centre and insufficient subjects in each subgroup to determine whether there were treatment differences between individual connective tissue diseases. Based on the results of the trial, from a UK healthcare payer perspective, rituximab is more cost-effective than cyclophosphamide as a treatment for severe or progressive connective tissue disease-interstitial lung disease. Conclusions Rituximab improved forced vital capacity and patient-reported quality of life at 24 weeks but was not superior to cyclophosphamide. Rituximab should be considered as a therapeutic alternative to cyclophosphamide in individuals with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease requiring systemic therapy. Future work should explore the role of repeated dosing of rituximab and the use of rituximab earlier in the course of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease. Trial registration This trial is registered as ISRCTN16474148. Funding This award was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation Programme (NIHR award ref: 11/116/03) and is published in full in Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation; Vol. 11, No. 4. See the NIHR Funding and Awards website for further award information.

A Pulmonary Telerehabilitation Program Improves Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life in Young Females Post-COVID-19 Patients.

To examine the impact of telerehabilitation training on exercise capacity, lung function, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in comparison to no rehabilitation for post-COVID-19 symptoms in adult females. A randomized controlled trial of 48 females after mild to moderate COVID-19 survival were equally and randomly assigned to one of two groups: intervention group or control group. Three sessions per week for 6 weeks of a telerehabilitation program provided via a smartphone to the intervention group. Spirometry was used to quantify lung function, a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) measured in meters to measure exercise capacity, and the Short Form Health Survey-36 was used to assess HRQOL. After treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in forced vital capacity (FVC) or forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) between groups (p>0.05), but the 6MWT of the intervention group increased significantly more than that of the control group (p=0.001). The percent of change in 6MWT for the intervention group and control group was 14.22% and 4.21%, respectively. After therapy, the intervention group's HRQOL significantly improved when compared to the control group's (p=0.001). This study showed that a telerehabilitation programs improved exercise capacity and HRQOL in young females post-COVID-19 compared to no rehabilitation.

Comparison of spirometric parameters in athletes engaged in aerobic and anaerobic sports: a cross-sectional study.

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 131 professional athletes. A convenience sampling technique was used. The data were collected from April to November 2022 using a proforma form, entered into Microsoft Excel, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16. Out of 131 total participants, 65 were involved in aerobic sports, while 66 were in anaerobic sports. The mean age of the participants was 27.34±5 years, the majority being male (n=104). Aerobic athletes had higher differences in forced vital capacity (1.19%, P=0.726) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (3.08%, P=0.315), the difference was not statistically significant. Statistically significantly higher difference in forced expiratory flow at 25-75% (13.42%, P=0.001), forced expiratory flow at 0.2-1.2 l/s (7.47%, P=0.035), and maximum voluntary ventilation (8.58%, P=0.023) values were observed among aerobic athletes. Aerobic and anaerobic athletes had no statistically significant difference in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second; however, other spirometry parameters were comparatively better in aerobic athletes.

IMPACTOS DO AR FRIO SOBRE O DESEMPENHO DA FUNÇÃO CARDIOPULMONAR E HABILIDADES ATLÉTICAS NO NADO SINCRONIZADO

ABSTRACT Introduction: Synchronized swimming is a sport that demands high cardiopulmonary capacity from the athletes, physical conditioning, excellent swimming, and aerobic metabolism preparation. Long-term exposure to cold air is a key factor that affects lung function, affecting the athlete’s performance in synchronized swimming. This exposure can lead to inflammation of the athletes’ airways, although few studies have analyzed the changes in cardiorespiratory conditioning during competition. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effect of synchronized swimming athletes’ cardiopulmonary function on competition performance in cold air environments. Methods: This paper selects volunteer swimmers for the research. Ventilation tests are performed to collect data and to analyze the effect of training on cardiorespiratory conditioning during swimming. Results: There were significant differences in small airway function, generally defined as airways with caliber &lt; 2 mm internal diameter, without cartilage, values measured among synchronized swimmers (P&lt;0.05). There were significant differences in forced vital capacity, and one-second forced expiratory rate between synchronized swimmers (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Synchronized swimmers may have their small airway function impaired due to the inherent characteristics of the sport. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

Effects of diaphragmatic breathing and pursed lip breathing exercises on the pulmonary function and walking endurance in patients with chronic stroke: a randomised controlled trial

Background/Aims Neurological dysfunction from stroke affects not only the muscles of the extremities and trunk, but also the respiratory function, so it is important to improve the respiratory function of patients with stroke is recognised as an important part. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic and pursed lip breathing exercises on pulmonary function, chest expansion and walking endurance in older patients with chronic stroke. Methods The participants were 32 older patients with chronic stroke, randomly assigned to two groups. The study group (n=16) performed diaphragmatic breathing exercises in combination with pursed lip breathing exercises, while the control group (n=16) performed non-resistant cycle ergometer exercises. Forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, the ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second FEV1 to forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow, chest expansion and 6-Minute Walk Test measurements were taken before and 4 weeks after treatment. Results The breathing exercise group exhibited a significant increase in chest expansion and 6-Minute Walk Test outcome measurements (P&lt;0.05). There was a significant difference in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second and peak expiratory flow between the two groups (P&lt;0.05). Conclusions Diaphragmatic breathing and pursed lip breathing exercises were effective in improving pulmonary function in older patients with chronic stroke.

Correlation analysis between blood routine-derived inflammatory markers and respiratory function in pneumoconiosis patients

Objective: To analyze the correlation between blood routine-derived inflammation indicators and respiratory function in patients with pneumoconiosis. Methods: In January 2021, 492 male pneumoconiosis patients hospitalized in Hefei Institute of Occupational Disease Control and Prevention from 2012 to 2020 were randomly selected as the case group, 492 dust exposed non pneumoconiosis workers who underwent occupational health examination at the same time were taken as the control group. The occupational history and clinical examination data of the two groups of subjects were collected, the correlation between blood routine-derived inflammatory indexes and pulmonary function and blood gas analysis was analyzed retrospectively. Results: Compared with the control group, the lymphocyte monocyte ratio (LMR) in the case group was decreased, and the neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was increased, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . There were significant differences in forced vital capacity as a percentage of the predicted value (FVC) , forced expiratory volume in the first second as a percentage of the predicted value (FEV(1)%) , one second rate (FEV(1)/FVC) , partial pressure of oxygen (PaO(2)) , partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO(2)) , and pH among pneumoconiosis patients at different stages (P<0.05) . FVC%, FEV(1)%, FEV(1)/FVC, and PaO(2) decreased with the increase of the stage, the trend test was statistically significant (tau-b=-0.24, -0.34, -0.37, -0.17, P<0.05) , PaCO(2) and pH increased with the increase of the stage, and the trend test was statistically significant (tau-b=0.10, 0.08, P<0.05) . There were statistically significant differences in LYM, LMR, NLR, platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with pneumoconiosis at different stages (P<0.05) , and LYM and LMR decreased with the increase of stage, trend test showed that there was statistically significant (tau-b=-0.11, -0.13, P<0.05) . There were significant differences in FVC%, FEV(1)%, FEV(1)/FVC, PaO(2), pH, LMR, NLR, PLR among patients with different types of pneumoconiosis (P<0.05) . LMR in pneumoconiosis patients was significantly positively correlated with FVC%, FEV(1)%, FEV(1)/FVC and PaO(2) (r(s)=0.342, 0.324, 0.203, 0.207, P<0.05) , NLR was significantly negatively correlated with FVC%, FEV(1)%, FEV(1)/FVC and PaO(2) (r(s)=-0.193, -0.202, -0.164, -0.177, P<0.05) , PLR was significantly negatively correlated with FVC%, FEV(1)%, FEV(1)/FVC and PaO(2) (r(s)=-0.194, -0.193, -0.106, -0.113, P<0.05) . Multiple linear regression analysis showed that LMR in pneumoconiosis patients was positively related with FVC%, FEV(1)% and PaO(2) (P<0.05) . Conclusion: LMR in patients with pneumoconiosis has a certain correlation with lung function and blood gas analysis, LMR is expected to become a sensitive indicator for evaluating pneumoconiosis.

Bronchodilator responsiveness and dysanapsis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

BackgroundThe incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) following preterm birth is increasing. Bronchodilators are often used to treat patients with BPD with little evidence to guide therapy. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that there are infant pulmonary function test (iPFT) parameters that can predict subsequent bronchodilator response in infants with BPD.MethodsSubjects in this study were part of a patient group in which we reported three BPD phenotypes (obstructive, restrictive and mixed) based on iPFT data. From that group, a cohort of 93 patients with iPFT data including bronchodilator response was eligible for this study.ResultsBronchodilator responsiveness was found in 59 people (63%) in the cohort. There were no differences in demographics between the responders and non-responders. There was no difference in forced vital capacity (FVC) between the two groups. Responders had significantly lower forced expiratory volume in 0.5 s (FEV0.5) and FEV0.5/FVC (p<0.005) and greater indices of hyperinflation than did non-responders (p<0.005). Logistic regression modelling found that pre-bronchodilator FEV0.5 and functional residual capacity/total lung capacity were significantly associated with bronchodilator response. The magnitude of response to bronchodilators was negatively correlated (R= −0.49, R2= 0.24, p<0.001) with the FEV0.5. The median dysanapsis ratio in responders (0.08, 95% CI 0.05–0.19) was significantly (p=0.005) smaller than in non-responders (0.18, 95% CI 0.06–0.38).ConclusionThese findings demonstrate that there are pulmonary function test parameters associated with bronchodilator response. Responders had evidence of greater dysanaptic lung growth than non-responders.

The Consensus Definition of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Is an Adequate Predictor of Lung Function at Preschool Age.

BackgroundRecent attempts to refine the definition bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have based its predictive capacity on respiratory outcome in the first 2 years of life, eliminating the pre-existing requirement of 28 days of oxygen therapy prior to 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). The objective of this study was to assess the utility of the 2001 consensus definition in predicting impaired lung function at preschool age.MethodsThis cohort study included children aged 4–6 years old who were born at gestational age (GA) <32 weeks or bodyweight <1500 g. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess differences in antenatal and neonatal variables between BPD and non-BPD children. All participants underwent incentive spirometry. Lung function parameters were contrasted with the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI-2012) reference equations and, together with antenatal and neonatal variables, compared among the different subgroups (no BPD, mild BPD, and moderate-to-severe BPD). A multivariate model was generated to identify independent risk factors for impaired lung function.ResultsGA, hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus, and late sepsis were independent risk factors for the development of BPD. A total of 119 children underwent incentive spirometry. All lung function parameters were significantly altered relative to reference values. Greater impairment of lung function was observed in the mild BPD vs. the no BPD group (forced expiratory volume in the first 0.75 seconds [FEV0.75]: −1.18 ± 0.80 vs. −0.55 ± 1.13; p = 0.010), but no difference in forced vital capacity (FVC) was observed (−0.32 ± 0.90 vs. −0.18 ± 1; p = 0.534). The moderate-to-severe BPD group exhibited the most severe FEV0.75 reduction (FEV0.75: −2.63 ± 1.18 vs. −0.72 ± 1.08; p = 0.000) and was the only condition with FVC impairment (FVC: −1.82 ± 1.12 vs. −0.22 ± 0.87; p = 0.000). The multivariate analysis identified a diagnosis of moderate-to-severe BPD as an independent risk factor for lung function impairment.ConclusionThe 2001 consensus definition of BPD has adequate predictive capacity for lung function measured by spirometry at 4–6 years of age. Moderate-to-severe BPD was the best predictor of respiratory impairment. Children with mild BPD showed greater alteration of FEV0.75 than those without BPD.

Relationship between pulmonary function and anthropometric measurements and body composition in young women

Purpose: This study was planned to evaluate the relationship between pulmonary function and some anthropometric measurements and body composition in healthy young women with different body mass index (BMI). &#x0D; Materials and Methods: One hundred seventeen (n:117) women, aged between 19-30 years, participated in this study. Some anthropometric measurements of the participants (body weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference, and neck circumference) and body composition were evaluated by the researchers. &#x0D; Results: There was no difference in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC values of individuals according to BMI classification. In terms of disease risk according to anthropometric measurements, no difference was found between the groups in the pulmonary function test values (except for the waist circumference). Participants whose waist circumference were 80-88 cm were found to have a significantly higher FEV1/FVC value than participants whose waist circumference were &gt;88 cm. It was determined that there was a positive correlation between body weight, lean body mass, body fat mass, total body water values, and FVC, FEV1 values. &#x0D; Conclusion: Differences in body composition and anthropometric measurements and pulmonary function assessment may be due to methodological and group-specific changes in the studies. Long-term studies that question the body composition of individuals, food consumption and physical activity levels, will be beneficial.

Effect of physical manipulation pulmonary rehabilitation on lung cancer patients after thoracoscopic lobectomy.

BackgroundTo introduce a new postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation program named physical manipulation pulmonary rehabilitation (PMPR) and to explore the effect of perioperative management, including PMPR, on patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after thoracoscopic lobectomy.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted between April and June 2021 at the Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Hospital. Adult patients with NSCLC who had undergone thoracoscopic lobectomy were allocated to the treatment and control groups using a random number table. The treatment group received both conventional pulmonary rehabilitation (CVPR) and 14 days of PMPR after surgery; the control group patients received CVPR only. PMPR included relaxing and exercising the intercostal muscles, thoracic costal joint and abdominal breathing muscles. Pulmonary function tests and the 6‐min walk test were conducted preoperatively and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days postoperatively. The postoperative length of hospital stay, chest tube retention time and postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded. The baseline data, pulmonary function parameters and prognosis were compared with t‐ and chi‐square tests between the two groups.ResultsA total of 86 patients were enrolled, and 44 patients were allocated to the treatment group. There were no significant differences in the baseline data for age, sex, body mass index, basic disease, surgical plan or preoperative pulmonary function between the two groups (all p > 0.05). The peak expiratory flow of patients in the treatment group was higher than that of those in the control group 21 days after surgery (316 ± 95 vs. 272 ± 103 l/min, respectively, p = 0.043), and forced expiratory volume in the first second on day 28 after surgery was greater than that in the control group (2.1 ± 0.2 vs. 1.9 ± 0.3 L, respectively, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in forced vital capacity or 6‐min walk test scores (both p > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the incidences of pneumonia and atelectasis between the two groups (both p > 0.05). The postoperative length of hospital stay (3.3 ± 1.3 vs. 3.9 ± 1.5 days, p = 0.043) and chest tube retention time (66 ± 30 vs. 81 ± 35 h, p = 0.036) in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group.ConclusionsWe determined that PMPR could improve early lung function in patients with NSCLC after thoracoscopic lobectomy, and that chest tube retention time and length of hospital stay were shortened.

Effectiveness of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Respiratory Muscle Strength in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgeries: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis.

To determine the effect of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength (RMS), and functional capacity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The PubMed, PEDro, CINAHL, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and EMBASE databases were searched from inception to June 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated patients who underwent cardiac surgery were included in this review. Meta-analysis performed using a random-effects model showed that the mean difference in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, 6-minute walk distance, and RMS was 3.47% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 6.36), 5.80% (95% CI, 2.03 to 9.56), 78.05 m (95% CI, 60.92 to 95.18), and 4.8 cmH2O (95% CI, -4.00 to 13.4), respectively. There is strong evidence that IMT improves inspiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and functional capacity, and reduces the length of hospital stay in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Prognostic implications of differences in forced vital capacity in black and white US adults: Findings from NHANES III with long-term mortality follow-up.

BackgroundBecause Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) is reduced in Black relative to White Americans of the same age, sex, and height, standard lung function prediction equations assign a lower "normal" range for Black patients. The prognostic implications of this race correction are uncertain.MethodsWe analyzed 5,294 White and 3,743 Black participants age 20–80 in NHANES III, a nationally-representative US survey conducted 1988–94, which we linked to the National Death Index to assess mortality through December 31, 2015. We calculated the FVC-percent predicted among Black and White participants, first applying NHANES III White prediction equations to all persons, and then using standard race-specific prediction equations. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate the association between race and all-cause mortality without and with adjustment for FVC (using each FVC metric), smoking, socioeconomic factors, and comorbidities.FindingsBlack participants’ age- and sex-adjusted mortality was greater than White participants (HR 1.46; 95%CI:1.29, 1.65). With adjustment for FVC in liters (mean 3.7 L for Black participants, 4.3 L for White participants) or FVC percent-predicted using White equations for everyone, Black race was no longer independently predictive of higher mortality (HR∼1.0). When FVC-percent predicted was “corrected” for race, Black individuals again showed increased mortality hazard. Deaths attributed to chronic respiratory disease were infrequent for both Black and White individuals.InterpretationLower FVC in Black people is associated with elevated risk of all-cause mortality, challenging the standard assumption about race-based normal limits. Black-White disparities in FVC may reflect deleterious social/environmental exposures, not innate differences.FundingNo funding.

Spirometric Outcomes and Oxidative Stress Among Cement Factory Workers

Cement industry workers are at high risk due to the dust emitted at various steps of its production. Pulmonary damage is the most important hazard. This work aimed to evaluate lung function and oxidative stress parameters of the workers. A cross-sectional study involving 97 workers in four cement factories was conducted from December/2019 to March/2020. Data collection was performed by spirometry test and measuring oxidative stress parameters. There were significant differences in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) between workers in milling and packaging departments. Negative correlations were found between oxidative stress and spirometric parameters. Prolonged occupational exposure to cement dust could worsen the pulmonary function. Working in milling department is associated with a pronounced effect on oxidative stress. Higher oxidative stress parameters were associated with lower pulmonary function.

Evaluation of sexual function and depression in married women with interstitial lung diseases

BackgroundLittle is known about female sexual function and interstitial lung disease (ILD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate sexual function and depression in married women with ILD.Patients and methodsOf the 65 participants enrolled, 45 patients with ILD fulfilled the inclusion criteria, comprising 12 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 25 with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial pneumonias, eight patients with other interstitial pneumonias. Moreover, 20 age-matched normal individuals were recruited as controls. All participants were evaluated for clinical data, including age, BMI, comorbidities, duration of ILD, usage of glucocorticoids (dose and duration), and number of exacerbation within the past year. All women fulfilled the female sexual function index (FSFI) and Beck depression inventory.ResultsThe mean age of the ILD group was 40.4±8.9 years. Overall, 33.3% were hypertensive and 53.3% had pulmonary hypertension, whereas diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were found in 26.6 and 15.5%, respectively. The mean duration since diagnosis of ILD and using glucocorticoids was 8.46±2.77 and 9.23±2.31 years. No differences in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 s were observed. There was a significant decrease in mean diffusion capacity (diffusion lung capacity for carbon monoxide) (61.8±7.10 vs. 68.7±6.86%) when compared with control (P=0.000*). Using FSFI, there was a significant decrease in global FSFI score and each domain in patients with ILD as compared with control (P=0.000*). The overall prevalence of depression was 80%. Correlation was found between total FSFI and disease duration, duration of glucocorticoids and dosage (≥20 mg), and depression (Beck depression inventory).ConclusionDespite mild impairment in pulmonary function, female patients with ILD have reported sexual dysfunction and increased depression. Thus, physicians should be reminded that patients with ILD need a comprehensive evaluation for sexual function.

Respiratory morbidity in children with cerebral palsy: an overview

Respiratory problems have a significant impact on morbidity and mortality in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). In particular, recurrent aspiration, impaired airway clearance, spinal and thoracic deformity, impaired lung function, poor nutritional status, and recurrent respiratory infections negatively affect respiratory status. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia may contribute to pulmonary problems, but asthma is not more common in CP than in the general population. We discuss treatment options for each of these factors. Multiple coexisting and interacting factors that influence the respiratory status of patients with CP should be recognized and effectively addressed to reduce respiratory morbidity and mortality. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS: Respiratory problems are a significant cause of morbidity in patients with cerebral palsy (CP). Respiratory status in patients with CP is influenced by recurrent aspiration and impaired airway clearance. Spinal and thoracic deformity, impaired lung function, poor nutrition, and respiratory infections also negatively affect respiratory status. These factors should all be addressed to reduce respiratory problems in patients with CP.

Utility of a Simple Expiratory Pressure Measurement Device in the Evaluation of Pulmonary Function

Summary Background Society is rapidly aging worldwide, and the incidence of chronic respiratory disease is increasing. Because spirometry requires specialized equipment and is not widely available, a technique that can easily and objectively evaluate pulmonary function is needed. Methods A total of 76 participants enrolled in the present study (29 in the healthy older group and 47 in the respiratory disease group). Pulmonary function data obtained with a conventional spirometer were compared with that obtained with a simple expiratory pressure measurement device. Results Significant differences in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), peak expiratory flow, and integration expiratory pressure were found between the groups. Strong correlations between integration expiratory pressure and FVC and between integration expiratory pressure and FEV1 were noted in all participants. Conclusions The integration expiratory pressure values obtained by the simple expiratory pressure measurement device approximated the participants' FVC values from spirometry, suggesting that integration expiratory pressure values can predict decreases in FVC.

Effect of early respiratory function exercise on pulmonary function in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer after operation

Objective To investigate the effect of early respiratory function exercise on pulmonary function in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer after operation. Methods From October 2016 to October 2017, 80 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer were selected as the research objects. The patients were divided into an experiment group and a control group with 40 cases in each group, in accordance with the random number table. The patients in the control group were given routine postoperative nursing, and the patients in the experimental group were given early respiratory function exercise on the basis of routine nursing. Pulmonary function, stress reaction and postoperative hospital stay were compared between the patients of two groups. Results There were significant differences in forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow rate, adrenocorticotropic hormone and C reactive protein of patients in the two groups at 7 d after operation (P<0.01) . The postoperative hospital stay in the experimental group was shorter than that in the control group (P<0.01) . Conclusions Early respiratory function exercise can improve the pulmonary function in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer after operation, reduce the postoperative stress reaction and shorten the patient's hospital stay, which is worthy of clinical application. Key words: Carcinoma, non-small-cell lung; Rehabilitation; Pulmonary function; Early respiratory function exercise

Effect of respiratory exercise on pulmonary function, balance, and gait in patients with chronic stroke.

[Purpose] This study investigated the effect of respiratory exercise on pulmonary function, balance, and gait in chronic stroke patients. [Participants and Methods] Twenty patients with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (n=10 each). The patients in both groups underwent neurodevelopmental treatment. Moreover, the experimental group performed respiratory exercise. Pulmonary function was measured using a pneumatometer. Balance was measured using a Berg Balance Scale and Functional Reach Test. Gait was measured with a 10-m walk test and Timed Up-and-Go Test. [Results] Intragroup comparison showed significant differences in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, Berg Balance Scale, Functional Reach Test, 10-meter walk test, and Timed Up-and-Go Test. Intergroup comparison showed that the differences in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, Berg Balance Scale, Functional Reach Test, 10-meter walk test, and Timed Up-and-Go Test for the experimental group were significantly related to those for the control group. [Conclusion] Based on these results it was concluded that respiratory exercise effectively improves the pulmonary function, balance, and gait in patients with chronic stroke.