Diet Of Goats Research Articles

The digestibility, ruminal fermentation and methane product of Cajanus cajan forage as a concentrate substitute in goats

Sixteen local goats (9.3 kg bodyweight) were assigned to different groups based on a 21-day com-pletely randomized design and fed with Cajanus cajan forage. The objectives of the study were to eval-uate digestibility, ruminal fermentation and estimation of methane production of C. cajan forage as a concentrate substitute in goats. Four treatments were used in the feeding trial: T0CC = 100% concen-trate; T25CC = 75% concentrate + 25% C. cajan forage; T75CC = 25% concentrate + 75% C. cajan forage; and T100CC = 100% C. cajan forage. Ruminal fluid was collected during the last week of the experiment after feeding and used to determine pH, ammonia, partial VFA, and methane gas produc-tion. Dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility, and total body weight gain were not significantly differ-ent (P>0.05) between goats fed with T0CC and T25CC. The addition of C. cajan forage to the diet did not significantly (P>0.05) affect pH, ammonia content, and total VFA but influenced acetate, propio-nate, butyrate, AP, and estimated CH4 produced. Hence, C. cajan forage may replace 25% of concen-trates in a rice straw-based diet for goats.

Assessment of the effect of non-traditional cakes in goat diets on the fatty acid composition of milk

Assessment of the effect of non-traditional cakes in goat diets on the fatty acid composition of milk

Optimizing tropical dairy goat diets: balancing rumen degradable protein, non-fiber carbohydrates, and sulfur requirements.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of rations incorporating rumen degradable protein (RDP), non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC), and sulfur on nutrient utilization, milk production, milk quality, and the economic aspects of dairy goats. In the first study, five treatments were tested in a block-randomized design to examine in vitro fermentability and digestibility. Treatments included P0 (control diet), P1 (P0 + 7.5% cassava-NFC), P2 (P0 + 7.5% cassava-NFC and 5% soybean), P3 (P0 + 7.5% cassava-NFC and 5% autoclaved soybean), and P4 (P0 + 7.5% cassava-NFC, 5% autoclaved soybean, and 0.1% sulfur). In the second study, sixteen lactating Saanen-Ettawa crossbreed dairy goats (initial milk production = 0.97 ± 0.25 L/head/day, 30 DIM; body weight = 44.44 ± 7.20 kg) were assigned into four groups and fed treatment diets: R0 (basal diet), R1 (R0 + 12% autoclaved soybean), R2 (R0 + 12% autoclaved soybean and 9% cassava-NFC), and R3 (R0 + 12% autoclaved soybean, 9% cassava-NFC, and 0.11% sulfur). The diets were offered for 7 weeks with a two-week adaptation period. Parameters observed include milk production and quality, milk fatty acids, blood hematology and metabolites, and economic aspects. The study used a block randomized design with initial weight as a block. The treatment diets in the first study had no effect on in vitro fermentability and digestibility. Treatments R2 and R3 resulted in higher milk production than R0 and R1. Milk quality remained consistent across treatments, while solid non-fat, lactose, and protein was higher in R2 and R3. Blood hematology was unaffected by the treatments. Nutrient efficiency and income over feed cost were enhanced by R2 and R3 treatments. Protected RDP using autoclaved soybean and cassava-NFC maintained in vitro digestibility, even though it did not improve in vitro fermentability. Precision dairy ration based on RDP, NFC, and sulfur positively impacts milk production, nutrient efficiency, and animal health in dairy goats.

Changes in milk productivity and quality of goat milk when including cake and probiotic in the diet

Relevance. One of the solutions to reduce food waste is to try to get the most out of food waste and byproducts. The experiment assessed the milk productivity and milk quality of lactating Nigerian goat goats when using hemp cake on the background of a probiotic substance.Methodology. The research was carried out in 2 stages: in the 1st experiment, the effect on the digestibility of nutritional components of feed was studied as a result of the inclusion of waste from the fat and oil industry in the diet of goats in the amount of 5% hemp (QL) cake, in the 2nd experiment, the enzymatic probiotic drug “Cellobacterin+” (“Biotrof” LLC) was additionally included in the experimental group at a dosage of 10 g/goal /day.Results. According to the research results, it was found that the inclusion of hemp cake in the diet of lactating goat goats did not have a negative effect on milk yield and milk quality, and contributed to a reduction in the cost of its production. The additional introduction of the probiotic drug “Cellobacterin+” into the diet contributed to an increase in milk yield in goats, in the conditions of the Southern Urals, and improved the chemical composition of milk, in particular, increased fat and protein content.

The Effect of Feeding Native Grass, Jackfruit Leaves and Leguminosa on Daily Weight Increase and Body Sizes of Goats

The use of foliage and legumes in goat diet is essential to serve protein sources for maintenance and productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of providing native grass, jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus), and different legumes such as Leucaena leucocephala and Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson on average daily gain (ADG) and weekly increased body measurements) of four female Kacang goats (5-7 months old; average body weight 6.98?± 1.44 kg) kept in individual pens (1 m x 1.2 m × 1.2m (length x width x height) with a soil base. A 4 x 4 latin square design with four treatments: T0 (100% natural grass), T1 (100% lamtoro leaves), T2 (100% jackfruit leaves), and T3 (100% spinach) were used. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance. The results showed that feeding goats with different type of forages had a significant effect (P<0.05) on ADG, in which the goats fed jackfruit leaves showed the highest ADG value (142.85 ± 15.43 gr/head/day) (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the ADG of goats fed native grass, L. leucocephala, and A. gangetica leaves were not significantly different (P>0.05). The results also showed that different forages had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the weekly increase in body size measurements, including body length, shoulder height and chest girth. It can be concluded that giving jackfruit leaves can increase the ADG of Kacang goats. The use of jackfruit leaves solely can be recommended to increase the growth of goats.

THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF FEEDING RUMEN WASTE AND IN THE DIETS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS

The cost of conventional feeds has over the years posed a challenged to ruminant production. There is a need for affordable/cheap nonconventional feed materials. This study was undertaken to determine the economic benefit of feeding Rumen Waste and in the diets of West African dwarf goats. Twenty five West African Dwarf goats were fed five treatment diets containing Cattle Rumen waste (CRW) and Goat Rumen waste (GRW) at 0, 20 and 40% inclusion levels, respectively, using a completely randomized design. Daily feed intake and weekly weight gain were measured. Metabolism cages were used for total collection of faeces and urine. There was no significance difference (P>0.05) in Dry Matter Intake, Organic Matter Intake, weight gain, Dry Matter and Organic Matter digestibility for all the treatments, while diet 5 (40% GRC) had the least Dry Matter and Organic Matter digestibility. Cost of feed decreased from N268.88 for 0% RW to N188.87 and N151.63 for 20% CRW and 40% GRW respectively. Also, feed cost/kg live weight gain decline from N344 at 0% RW to N160.85 for 40% CRW. Cattle and goat rumen wastes will therefore be of immense economic benefit in reducing cost of production when used in the diets of goats.

EFFECTS OF GUAVA LEAF (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA) SUPPLEMENTATION IN THE DIET OF RUMINANT ON IN VITRO METHANE PRODUCTION, DEGRADABILITY AND PROTOZOA POPULATION

Guava leaf is a sustainable and locally accessible forage that can serve as a valuable supplement to the diet of ruminants due to their rich nutritional profile and appreciable secondary metabolites which support methane reduction for effective nutrient utilization. This study investigated the effects of guava leaf supplementation in the diet of ruminant on in vitro methane production, degradability and protozoa population. Guava leaves (GL) was substituted for Panicum hay (PH) at 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% levels as roughage source in the diet of West African dwarf goats with roughage to concentrate ratio of 60:40. In vitro gas production technique was carried out by incubating 200 mg of samples from each treatment with 30 mL inoculum. Total gas production, Methane production, diet degradability and protozoa population were evaluated at the end of 48 hours incubation. Guava leaves supplementation improved the proximate composition of the diets especially the crude protein content which was higher (p < 0.05) in diet containing 30 to 60% GL supplementation. In vitro gas and methane production decreased drastically (P < 0.05) with guava leaves supplementation. Diet with 30% GL caused 59% methane reduction with minimal effect on diet degradation. Protozoa count reduced with increase in the level of GL inclusion. It can be concluded from this study that guava leaves should form 30% of diet for West African dwarf goats for effective methane reduction with minimal effect on feed degradability.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND ECONOMIC BENEFITS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOAT FED DIETS TREATED RICE HUSK AS SUBSTITUTE FOR WHEAT BRAN

The study was conducted to study the effects of treated rice husk as a replacement for wheat bran supplement on the growth performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) goats. Twenty (20) WAD goats were subjected to five dietary treatments in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four (4) animals per treatment and each serving as a replicate. The treatments are: 0% RH (T1), 25% RH (T2), 50% RH (T3), 75% RH (T4) and 100% RH (T5). The animals were fed 5% of their body weight. The result showed that T2 and T1 are relatively high in crude protein, low in crude fiber, moderate in crude fat and high in carbohydrate. They equally had the lowest values of ADF, ADL and NDF among the treatments. The total weight gain (TWG), average daily weight gain (ADWG), total daily feed intake (TDFI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were all significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. The goat, T1 had the highest TWG, ADWG and TDFI values among the goats. The goat fed 25% RH replacement level (T2) converted and utilized feed better and had better growth performance comparable to goats fed T1. In conclusion, at 25% level of treated rice husk as replacement of wheat bran gave better growth performance in the goats. The result demonstrated the qualitative benefits and financial returns of using treated rice husk to replace wheat bran diets for WAD goats. Thus, the use of treated rice husk up to 50% in the diet of WAD goats is recommended for appreciable growth performance and better economic benefits.

EFFECT OF FRESH COONTAIL LEAF (CERATOPHYLLUM DEMERSUM) WITH GRADED LEVEL BERMUDA GRASS (CYNODON DACTYLON) ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE, AND BLOOD INDICES OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS

The West African Dwarf (WAD) goats play an essential socioeconomic role in the Nigerian economy, hence the effect of 12 weeks of feeding fresh Coontail leaf (FCL) + Bermuda grass (BG) at various dietary levels on WAD goat growth performance and blood indices were explored. A total of 24 WAD goats weighing an average of 6.02kg each were randomly assigned to four treatments of six goats, with two goats per replicate. In a completely randomized form, each treatment was served four experimental diets comprising FCL and BG at Diet 1: Control 100% FCL, Diet 2: 80% FCL + 20% BG, Diet 3: 70% FCL + 30% BG, and Diet 4: 50% FCL + 50% BG, accordingly. Initial weight, final weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV), and haemoglobin concentration (Hb. The T1 and T4 showed significant (p<0.05) changes in final body weights, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in all haematological parameters evaluated, except packed cell volume (PCV) which had no significant (p>0.05) difference. All blood biochemical indicators indicated significant (p<0.05) differences with total protein, albumin, and urea, except for cholesterol, globulin, and glucose, which were not statistically (p>0.05) different. It is possible to conclude that FCL+BG Can be included in WAD goat diets up to 50% without negatively affecting growth performance or blood parameters.

Obtaining Goats’ Dairy Products Enriched in Healthy Fatty Acids by Valuing Linseed or Hempseed as Dietary Ingredients

The study aimed to assess the effects of including linseeds or hempseeds in the diets of late lactation Murciano-Granadina dairy goats on the nutritional quality of the milk and cheese fat, expressed by the fatty acids profile and the healthy lipid indices. Thirty-six goats were randomly distributed in 3 groups of 12 animals each, according to a 3 × 3 Latin square design, and fed three different diets: group CON (control, with sunflower meal, 11.5% DM basis); group LIN, where sunflower meal was replaced by linseed; and group HMP, where sunflower meal was replaced by hempseeds. The replacement had no effects on the milk yields and the milk protein content as no significant differences were detected among groups. The significant increase of the fat content in the case of the LIN and HMP groups was accompanied by significant decreases in saturated fatty acids concentration and very significant increases in monounsaturated fatty acids. The content of n3 and n6-PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) increased, mainly due to a 4.1 times higher proportion of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA; C 18:3n-3) in LIN diet milk and a 1.3 times higher proportion of linoleic acid (LA; C 18:2n6c) in HMP diet milk. The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; isomer c9, t11) was 1.9 times higher for the LIN diet and 5.05 times higher for the HMP diet. Feeding either linseed or hempseeds contributed to the reduction of the atherogenic and thrombogenic indices, increased the hypocholesterolemic: hypercholesterolemic ratio as well as the proportion of other desired fatty acids in the milk fat. The improved nutritional quality of milk, which has potentially far-reaching human health benefits, is maintained in cheese through the increase of the n3 and n6-PUFAs, especially for the LIN diet where the n6/n3 ratio decreased significantly, compared with the CON diet (3.62 vs. 6.88). The CLA concentration was significantly higher (p < 0.001) for the HMP cheese compared with the CON diet (1.89% vs. 0.78%). These effects highlight the opportunity of obtaining dairy products with improved nutritional quality using local feed resources.

Effect of chokeberry pomace as a feed additive for high-producing dairy goats on oxidative stress parameters and quality of milk

Abstract Introduction Chokeberry pomace, rich in polyphenolic compounds, holds potential to be a valuable feed additive for enhancing the antioxidative capacity and overall quality of milk. This study explores the impact of dietary inclusion of chokeberry pomace on oxidative stress parameters and other milk quality parameters in high-producing dairy goats. Material and Methods Twenty-seven goats were allocated into three groups: a control group provided standard feed and two experimental groups provided feed supplemented with 15 g or 30 g of chokeberry pomace per kilogram. Milk samples were analysed for physicochemical traits, a range of enzyme activities and antioxidant properties. Results Supplementation with chokeberry pomace significantly reduced milk fat content, enhanced antioxidative properties and increased most of the quantified enzyme activities. Total polyphenol content and reduced glutathione levels were significantly higher in the supplemented groups, correlating with improved antioxidative potential of the milk. Conclusion Chokeberry pomace in goat diets enhances milk’s antioxidative properties and upregulates its enzymatic activity profile, suggesting a potential strategy to improve the nutritional quality and health benefits of goat milk. The study underscores the utility of chokeberry pomace as a feed additive that might not only benefit animal health but also contribute to enhanced milk quality.

Partially substituting alfalfa hay with hemp forage promotes the health and well‐being of goats via altering ruminal and plasma metabolites and metabolic pathways

AbstractHemp forage (HF) seems a suitable forage for ruminants for its high nutritional value and rich phytochemicals that exert health and growth‐promoting activities. We investigated the effects of hemp‐related phytochemicals on rumen and plasma metabolism using metabolome when partially substituting alfalfa hay with HF in goat diets. Numbers of differential metabolites linearly increased with increasing HF substituting rate, approximately 50% of which were phytochemicals. Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis showed that the inclusion of HF greatly promoted steroid hormone biosynthesis, one carbon pool by folate, and retinol metabolism pathways in both rumen and plasma, which are beneficial for promoting animal health and well‐being and enhancing the quality of animal products. Some phytochemicals showed inhibitory activities on the growth of certain ruminal bacteria; meanwhile, the detected intermediate metabolites indicated degradation of the phytochemicals by ruminal microbes. These phytochemicals work individually and synergistically to alter ruminal and plasma metabolic pathways, thus exerting benefits in promoting the health and well‐being of animals.

The Effects of Hemp Hay (Canapa sativa L.) in the Diets of Grazing Goats on Milk Production and Fatty Acid Profile.

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a cosmopolitan annual herbaceous plant used in the past as a source of textile fiber. Currently, hemp is receiving great interest as animal feed due to its chemical and nutritional properties. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of supplementing goats' diets with hemp hay on the milk yield, chemical composition, and fatty acid profile. Twenty multiparous goats, immediately after kidding, were divided into two homogenous groups (C: control vs. H: hemp); the goats had free access to the pasture, and both groups received a supplement of 500 g/head/day of a barley and corn meal mixture (50/50). In addition, group H was given 250 g/head/day of hemp hay while group C received the same amount of alfalfa hay. The milk yield was measured daily, and milk samples were collected monthly 4 times to evaluate the milk composition and fatty acid profile. The milk yield was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the experimental group, while no differences were found in the milk chemical composition. Concerning the fatty acid profile, the milk from group H was characterized by significantly lower concentrations of C11:0, C12:0, C13:0, C14:0, C15:0, and C17:0 and higher C16:0 and C18:0. Among the polyunsaturated FA, C18:2 n6 and C20:4 were significantly (p < 0.001) lower, and C20:5 n3 was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the milk from group H than that from group C. The n6/n3, LA/ALA and AA/EPA ratios were significantly (p < 0.001) lower in the milk from group H, while the CLAs were unaffected by the treatment.

Effects of yeast culture supplementation on milk yield, rumen fermentation, metabolism, and bacterial composition in dairy goats.

The effects of yeast culture (YC) on dairy goat milk yield and potential effects of rumen microbial population changes on rumen fermentation are poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of YC on milk yield and rumen fermentation in dairy goats and explore the potential microbial mechanisms. Forty Laoshan dairy goats with a weight of 51.23 ± 2.23 kg and daily milk yield of 1.41 ± 0.26 kg were randomly divided into 4 groups: control (no YC), YC1 (10 g/day per goat), YC2 (25 g/day per goat), and YC3 (40 g/day per goat). The pre-feeding period was 15 days, and the official period was 60 days. Laoshan dairy goats were milked twice daily, and the individual milk yield was recorded. On the last day of the official period, rumen fluid was collected to measure rumen fermentation, perform quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and detect metabolites. Compared to the control group, the YC group had greater milk yield; higher acetic acid, butyric acid, and total volatile fatty acid contents; and lower ammonia-N (NH3-N) content in the rumen (p < 0.05). YC increased the abundance of Clostridia_UCG-014 and Paraprevotella (p < 0.05). Differential metabolites L-leucine and aspartic acid were screened. This study revealed the microbial mechanisms linking the relative abundance of Paraprevotella and Clostridia_UCG-014 to L-leucine and aspartic acid utilization. These results describe the potential benefits of supplementing 10 g/day per goat YC in the diets of Laoshan dairy goats for improving the rumen environment and milk yield.

Determination of the impacts of supplemental dietary curcumin on post-partum uterine involution using pulsed-wave doppler ultrasonography in Zaraibi goat

This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of supplemental dietary curcumin on post-partum uterine involution using pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography in postpartum goats. Ten pluriparous Zaraibi goats were used and divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 5; control) received only a base diet. Group 2 (n = 5; treated) received a base diet supplemented with curcumin (200 mg/kg diet) daily for 28 days, starting from day 1 postpartum (PP) till day 28 PP. Uterine morphometrical changes (uterine horn diameter; UHD and caruncle diameter; CD), uterine hemodynamics (resistance and pulsatility indices (RI and PI), systolic/ diastolic ratio (S/D), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end-diastolic velocity (EDV), blood flow volume (BFV), and blood flow rate (BFR)), and progesterone level were evaluated. Results revealed that the diameter of the uterine horn decreased rapidly from day 1 to day 10 PP (> 50%) but more steadily from day 14 to day 28 PP in both groups. After day 21 PP, there was nearly no reduction in UHD and CD in both groups. The treated group had lower values of the RI and PI (P < 0.05) than the control group. Regarding the BFR and BFV in the treated group, there was a significant increase (P < 0.05) on day 17 PP, then started to decrease till day 28 PP. While in the control group, there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in BFR and BFV from day 1 PP till day 28 PP. In conclusion, the incorporation of curcumin in the diet of PP Zaraibi goats improved reproductive performance via improvements in uterine morphometric changes as well as blood perfusion.

Effects of Ginger Straw Silage with Enzymes on Growth Performance, Digestion and Metabolism, Meat Quality and Rumen Microflora Diversity of Laiwu Black Goat.

Laiwu black goats comprise an excellent local germplasm resource; however, a shortage of feed resources has led to the application of unconventional feed. Ginger straw feed has good physiological effects, but research on this feed source for ruminant animals is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of enzymatic silage ginger straw on Laiwu black goat performance. The experiment used an independent sample t-test analysis method; 24 healthy Laiwu black goats with a body weight of 20.05 ± 1.15 kg and age of 5.67 ± 0.25 months were randomly divided into two groups with three replicates (bars) per group and four goats per replicate. The experimental diet was composed of mixed concentrate, silage, and garlic peel at a 2:7:1 ratio. The silage used in the two groups was whole corn silage (CON group) and 60% whole corn silage plus 40% enzymatic silage ginger straw (SG group), and the other components were identical. Daily feed intake/daily gain (F/G) was significantly higher in the SG group than in the CON group (p < 0.05), but there were no significant differences in dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF) digestibility between the groups. The shear force, cooking loss, centrifugal loss, and pressure loss of the longissimus dorsi muscle group were significantly lower in the SG than in the CON group (p < 0.05). Compared with those in the CON group, the serum and liver total antioxidant capacity was significantly increased in the SG group, and in the liver, the O2·-, malondialdehyde, and OH· contents were significantly decreased. Collectively, the rumen fluid microbial diversity was changed in the SG group. It was concluded that enzymatic silage ginger straw usage instead of 40% whole silage corn as feed for Laiwu black goats can significantly improve the muscle quality, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal flora, with no adverse effects on production performance. In conclusion, our study provides a basis for ginger straw processing and storage and its rational application in the Laiwu black goat diet.

Sustainable Livestock Farming with Oil Seed Crops and Their By-Products

The increasing human population and food shortage are fueling the demand for alternative feed resources for animals not meant for human consumption. Oil seeds and their derivatives are suitable options to meet the escalating global demand for animal feed proteins; camelina is one of them. Camelina sativa (CS), an ancient oilseed crop belonging to the Brassicaceae family, is known for its resistance to drought and cold, as well as its various uses for meal, oil, and other products. However, it also has some anti-nutritional factors (ANF) that can limit its use as animal feed. These ANFs can be reduced by various methods, such as enzyme addition, heat treatment, fermentation, or genetic engineering. CS and its by-products can affect animal metabolism, especially lipid metabolism and hormone levels, and can also improve the fat profile of meat and milk products, making them more suitable for human consumption and health. CS and its by-products achieved weight gain and protected dietary PUFAs, but decreased bio-hydrogenation intermediates. Small ruminants fed CS-supplemented diets produced meat with a suitable fat profile for human consumption. Feeding with CS seeds and derivatives decreased milk fat concentration, yield, and fat-corrected milk. Camelina forage, however, increased the milk fat percentage. The effects of CS and its by-products on milk fatty acid composition were contradictory. CS meals may improve the composition of milk products, making them healthier for humans. Researchers need to determine how CS meals can be used in dairy ewe and goat diets at different life stages.

Use of crude glycerin in dairy goat feeding and its effects on milk and cheese performance and quality

This study aimed to assess the impact of stepwise dietary inclusion of crude glycerin (CG) on the productive traits of dairy goats and the quality of their milk and cheese. Sixteen Saanen goats, averaging 55 ± 6 kg live weight and 45 days in milk, were allocated into four simultaneous Latin squares (4×4) and fed on diets containing 0 (control), 50, 100, and 150 g/kg of CG in the dry matter (DM). A linear decrease (P < 0.05) was observed in DM, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and non-fibrous carbohydrates intake with increasing CG levels in the diet, with a significant reduction (P < 0.05) noted at 100 and 150 g/kg of CG. Additionally, CP digestibility, nitrogen balance, and plasma urea nitrogen decreased (P < 0.05) with CG inclusion. Milk yield corrected for 3.5 % fat, total solids content, and total fatty acid (FA) amounts in goat milk decreased (P < 0.05) with 100 and 150 g/kg of CG. Furthermore, inclusion of 150 g/kg of CG decreased (P < 0.05) fat content in "coalho" cheese, although cheeses from goats fed up to 50 g/kg of CG showed superior (P < 0.05) appearance, global impression, and purchase intention. The CG inclusion increased (P < 0.05) short and odd-chain FA contents while decreasing (P < 0.05) long-chain and polyunsaturated FA levels in goat milk. Overall, we recommend incorporating up to 50 g/kg of CG in dairy goat diets as it does not affect milk and "coalho" cheese performance and quality.

Effect of Adding Fennel and Fenugreek Seeds to Diets of Local Female Goats on some Productive Traits

Effect of Adding Fennel and Fenugreek Seeds to Diets of Local Female Goats on some Productive Traits

Supplementation of calliandra calothyrsus in basal fed affecting quality of sapera’s milk

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of calliandra calothyrsus powder supplemented with basal fed on milk quality in particular fat, solid non fat, lactose, and total solid. Twenty one early lactating sapera goats were assigned to 3 x 7 random group design. The dietary treatments consist of 0 %, 2.5% and 5% of Calliandra calothyrsus Powder (CCP) in the daily diet of the experimental goat. All goats were fed concentrate 1 kg DM and forage (6.8% fresh calliandra and pakchong grass in 35.38%) with the availability of water. The experiment lasted 50 d including 13 d of sampling period. Milk was taken on the last day of the treatment and was analyzed using a lactoscan to determine fat, total solid, lactose and solid non fat. Goats given 2.5% CCP produced significantly higher total solid and solid non fat content gr/day/goat milk (P &lt; 0.05) than those given 0% and 5% CCP. The results also showed that there was a significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) in fat content gr/day/goat of milk in dietary treatments. It is concluded that legume supplementation of 2.5% CCP can increase fat, lactose, solid non fat and total solid of sapera goats.