Diethanolamine Research Articles

Towards the toughness-strength balance of poly(vinyl alcohol) films via synergic plasticization

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films have significant rigidity due to the large number of hydrogen bonds within and between molecular chains. This feature hinders their industrial applications. Small molecule plasticizers can effectively improve the toughness of PVA films. However, this improvement decreases their modulus and strength. In this study, the effect of individual plasticizer, namely, diethanolamine (DEA), glycerol (GLY), and H2O, on the mechanical properties was first studied. It was found that adding an individual plasticizer increase the toughness but decrease the modulus for all the three plasticized PVA films, with DEA decreased least. Then, the property changes caused by of H2O and plasticizer content in two synergic plasticizing systems of DEA/H2O and GLY/H2O were systematically investigated and compared to demonstrate further the different effects of DEA and GLY on the toughness and modulus of the PVA film. Results indicated that the modulus and toughness of PVA casted film with a 10% DEA content improved after the addition of 3% H2O for the DEA/H2O plasticizing system. Despite a large improvement in toughness, the strength was always largely reduced with the increase in H2O or GLY content for the GLY/H2O system. The infrared spectrum results showed that H2O could be physically combined with both PVA and DEA to construct a cross-linked hydrogen bond network, because of the relatively strong electronegativity of the N atom in DEA. However, forming such a cross-linked hydrogen bond network in the GLY/H2O system is difficult. Thus, only a plasticizing effect was observed in the PVA/GLY/H2O films. Our work provides a better understanding of the effects of plasticizer and H2O on the hydrogen bonding and properties of PVA films to achieve toughness-strength balance via synergic plasticization.

Synergistic effect of blended amines on carbon dioxide absorption: Thermodynamic modeling and analysis of regeneration energy

Chemical absorption using amine-based aqueous solutions is a promising approach for limiting CO2 emissions. This study evaluated the performance of commercial amines, including monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), diisopropanolamine (DIPA), N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), triethanolamine (TEA), and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), along with their binary mixtures, with a focus on their synergistic effect in reducing the regeneration energy. The thermodynamic behavior of these aqueous amine systems for CO2 capture was analyzed using the electrolyte nonrandom two-liquid model; the shortcut method was used to estimate the regeneration energy. The CO2 loading ratio, concentrations of the molecules and ions in the liquid phase, heat of absorption, pH, and regeneration energy were included in the analysis. Amine blending was found to synergistically lower the regeneration energy in the following two cases. First, blending carbamate-forming and non-carbamate-forming amines enhanced carbamate formation, thereby increasing the CO2 cyclic capacity and reducing the regeneration energy in the DIPA-MDEA and DEA-AMP systems. Second, the MEA-MDEA system revealed an optimal blending ratio for balancing different heat components (sensible, reaction, and latent heat). These findings offer a guide for selecting and blending amines to optimize the CO2 capture performance.

Modeling H2S solubility in aqueous MDEA, MEA and DEA solutions by the electrolyte SRK-CPA EOS

In this study, an electrolyte cubic plus association equation of state (e-CPA EOS) has been proposed to predict the vapor–liquid equilibrium of (H2S) in aqueous solutions of monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). This EOS is composed of repulsive forces, short-range interactions, short-range ionic interactions, association term, long-range ionic interactions, and Born term. The Soave– Redlich– Kwong EOS is used as a non-electrolyte part. A new iterative procedure based on the Jacobi method is introduced to obtain the compositions of all species in the liquid phase. The genetic algorithm (GA) is used to find the optimal values of binary interaction coefficients between molecules and ions. Compared with experimental data, the e-CPA EOS model successfully describes the vapor–liquid equilibrium of H2S in the aqueous solutions of MEA, DEA, and MDEA. The average absolute deviations for 313 data of MEA-H2S-H2O, 156 data of DEA-H2S-H2O, and 145 data of MDEA-H2S-H2O systems were obtained as 8.20 %, 8.04 %, and 9.41 %, respectively. In addition, for some similar cases, the capability of the e-CPA EOS was compared with the Clegg–Pitzer, N-Wilson-NRF, e-NRTL, and e-CTS models. The results indicated that the e-CPA EOS has less error than the four other models.

Effectiveness of Diethanolamine (DEA) Addition on Band Gap Value of SnO2 by Using Sol-Gel Methods

The need for electrical energy is increasing with the increase in the economy and population in Indonesia. Fossil energy sources are used as fuel to produce electrical energy and will run out if used continuously. Fossil energy sources can be replaced by using New Renewable Energy (NRE) to meet national electrical energy needs. The purpose of adding additives in this study is to observe the effectiveness of the addition of DEA on the band gap value, crystal phase, and surface morphology on SnO2. In this study using the sol-gel method for the synthesis of SnO2. The sol-gel method is the conversion of monomers into colloidal solutions (sol) which serve as precursors for integrated networks (gels) either discrete particles or network polymers. SnO2 nanomaterials will be characterized by UV-DRS Spectrophotometer. The results of characterization of SnO2 nanomaterials with the addition of Diethanolamine additives as much as 1.5 mL have obtained a band gap value of 3.60 eV.

Response Surface Optimization of Nonaqueous Hexanol‐Based Trisolvent Amine Blends for Energy‐Efficient CO2 Desorption

The CO2 absorption–desorption performances of nonaqueous trisolvent blended amines, monoethanolamine (MEA), 2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol (AMP), methyl diethanol amine (MDEA), 1‐dimethyl amino‐2‐propanol (1DMA2P), diethyl ethanol amine (DEEA), and piperazine (PZ), are investigated in terms of desorption parameters. Two trisolvent amine combinations, primary amine (MEA)/sterically hindered amine (AMP) and tertiary amine (MDEA/1DMA2P/DEEA)‐polyamine (PZ), are prepared at 5 m total amine concentrations with different molarities. Response surface methodology based on a central composite design is used to obtain the optimal condition. This study aims to determine the molarity ratios of solvent systems and investigate their effects on objective functions: heat duty, desorption rate, and desorption factor. Surface analysis suggests optimum conditions as 3 m MEA–1.375 m MDEA–0.625 m PZ for the lowest energy consumption. The experimental results of the proposed system are compared with the 5 m MEA solution. The extensive energy penalty of the CO2 desorption of amine absorbents is reduced with the newly developed solution.

Absorption of the acid gases CO2 and H2S from a natural gas stream using the Aspen Plus® simulator

Natural gas consists mainly of methane (CH4) and other lighter hydrocarbons, but it has traces of contaminants such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These gases should be eliminated or reduced to the minimum concentration percentage because they are toxic, corrosive and harmful in high concentrations, as well as to avoid obstruction of pipelines of a pipeline and to meet market specifications. The most commonly used procedure to remove CO2 and H2S from natural gas is the chemical absorption process (sweetening and/or desulphurization), using alkanolamines as solvents, and the amine most commonly used in Brazil is diethanolamine (DEA). In this study, the sweetening process was conducted at the ASPEN PLUS® Chemical Process Simulator. The simulations took place on a permanent basis, using the method of stages in equilibrium and the DEA as solvent. Parameters such as amine current inlet temperature, DEA concentration, number of stages in the absorber, and DEA current pressure were evaluated. In addition, sensitivity analyzes were conducted using the Amines, ELECTNRTL and Peng-Robinson (PR) Thermodynamic Models. As results, it was observed that the Amines model was the one that best represented the stage of sweetening natural gas (separately and in recycled form), obtaining a purer gas, with smaller fractions of CO2 and H2S.

Separation of CO2 and TFE by using diethanolamine and diisopropylamine

ABSTRACT The near-azeotrope mixture of TFE and CO2 is an important concern urging the scientific community to develop new ways for TFE/CO2 separations. In this work, for the first time, Diisopropylamine (DIPA) and Diethanolamine (DEA) are used as solvents for separating a near-azeotropic mixture of CO2 and tetrafluoroethylene (TFE). The complete separation mechanism has been analyzed using ASPEN Plus process simulator. The binary parameters for CO2, TFE, DIPA and DEA have been taken from Cosmotherm software and the pure data parameters have been taken from the literature (NIST). The validation of the processes has been completed by comparing binary parameters with literature and pure parameters with the UNIFAC data. The separation of the near-azeotropic mixture of TFE and CO2 has been investigated where, both solvents can be proposed as good candidates, however DEA is proven better performer than DIPA. In addition, CO2 emissions analysis and Total Annual Cost (TAC) analysis has been performed for the payback period of 3, 5 and 7 years, where DEA proves to be most efficient for TAC while DIPA has less CO2 emissions.

Early strength enhancement of high-volume fly ash mortar using accelerating admixtures

High-volume fly ash mortar is considered a "green" material, a sustainable development solution for the construction industry, in which the fly ash replacement Portland cement content is over 50%. However, this material has the major disadvantage of slow strength development, especially at an early age, which limits its applicability. To overcome the above disadvantage, the individual or combined addition of lime Ca(OH)2, silica fume, and/or accelerating admixtures including sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN), diethanolamine (DEA), and glycerol (Gly), etc. have been interested recently. In this study, to enhance the early strength of mortars with fly ash content to replace 60÷80% of Portland cement, a three-component accelerating admixture of NaSCN, DEA, and Gly (2:1:0.5 by the mass) was used with different ratios of 0.21÷0.49 % by the total powder mass, combined with a reasonable amount of lime, silica fume supplement as presented in previous research. Experimental results showed that the optimal accelerating admixture content is 0.35% by weight of powder, combined with 6% silica fume and the additional amount of lime is 5%; 10%; and 15% corresponding to mortars using fly ash of 60%; 70% and 80%, respectively to improve early strength of mortars that are suitable for structural use (R3 ≥ 13MPa, 3 days old). In addition, the influence of the additives used on the initial setting time of high-volume fly ash mortars was also discussed.

Nanoporous hypercrosslinked polymers as cost-effective catalysts to significantly promote the CO2 absorption performance of water-lean solvents for post-combustion CO2 capture

In most cases, the slow CO2 sorption kinetics of water-lean solvents—which include low-volatile organic diluents—are the limiting factor when it comes to post-combustion CO2 capture. This study offers a solution by suggesting the use of catalysts based on nanoporous hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) to improve the removal efficiency of water-lean solvents based on diethanolamine (DEA) and to increase CO2 mass transfer. Simple and inexpensive monomers were used to prepare three HCPs: HCP-C, HCP-S, and HCP-B, which stand for benzene, polystyrene, and carbazole, respectively. Blends of DEA and Glycerol (Gly) were used to disperse these polymers. Addition of 0.5 wt% HCP to a solvent mixture of 20% DEA and 30% Gly considerably boosts removal efficiency and increases the amount of CO₂ that can be absorbed until the breakthrough point by as much as 3000%, according to the results. Additionally, various gas flow rates, DEA concentrations, and glycerol concentrations were also investigated to determine the HCP-C catalytic effect on the CO2 absorption. A volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient enhancement of up to 319 % is possible in the investigated ranges when using HCP-C, according to the findings. Moreover, a possible catalytic mechanism was suggested.

Characterization and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 thin films prepared by sol-gel method for NOx degradation

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin film photocatalysts for the elimination of nitrogen oxides (NOx) were prepared by the dip-coating process using the sol–gel method. To prepare the sols, titanium (IV) butoxide (Ti(OBu)4), diethanolamine (DEA), butanol, and HCl were chosen. The TiO2 coatings were prepared using sols with varying volume ratios of Ti(OBu)4:DEA:Butanol. Additionally, three withdrawal speeds from the sol were employed. Subsequently, the TiO2 thin films were sintered at 500 and 700 °C. The obtained thin films were characterized using SEM to determine thickness, AFM to determine roughness, and the Step 500 platform for the adhesion test. NOx was found to be efficiently eliminated by TiO2 thin film photocatalyst. It is possible to obtain a TiO2 coating that is capable of degrading 300 ppb of NO in real time under specific conditions: a relative humidity of 30 %, a UV intensity of 20 W/m2, a gas flow rate of 1 dm3/min.

Effect of Fly Ash on the Mass Transfer Performance of CO2 Removal Using MEA and DEA Solutions in a Packed Tower

The accumulation of uncollected fly ash from flue gas in post-combustion CO2 capture processes is a significant concern in current coal-fired power plants due to its potential impact on the performance of CO2 absorbent and absorption towers. In order to determine the effect of fly ash on the mass transfer performance of CO2 absorption into monoethanolamine (MEA) and diethanolamine (DEA) aqueous solutions, experimental studies were carried out using a small-sized packed tower equipped with θ-ring random packing. These studies were conducted under various operating parameters, including solution temperature, liquid/gas ratio (L/G), packing height, and fly ash concentration. The results show that the effect of fly ash on the outlet CO2 concentration was primarily observed during the initial stages of the experimental process. Moreover, the presence of fly ash leads to a reduction in the volumetric overall mass transfer coefficient (KGav) when using MEA and DEA solution, and increasing the fly ash concentration further exacerbates this negative impact. However, the effect of fly ash on the reduction in KGav is not significantly related to its chemical composition but rather depends on the operational parameters. With increasing solution temperature, liquid/gas ratio (L/G), and packing height, the KGav values for different solutions exhibit an upward trend. The negative effect of fly ash on KGav remains relatively stable for MEA as solution temperature and packing height increase. Compared to MEA, fly ash has a greater negative effect on DEA solution under the same experimental conditions. The analysis reveals that the detrimental effect of fly ash on KGav primarily stems from its ability to alter the distribution state of the absorption liquid within the packed tower.

Effects of di- and trifunctional chain extenders on the properties of flexible cold-cure polyurethane foams

In this study, effects of di- and trifunctional chain extenders including ethylene glycol (MEG), ethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and glycerin (GLY) were investigated. 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 php (parts per hundred parts of polyol mixture) of the chain extenders were added to the polyol formulation. Then, foam parts were produced by molding. The reaction profile, free rise density (FD), and mechanical properties of the specimens were tested regarding ASTM D7487 test methods. First of all, reaction profiles were affected by the chemical nature of the chain extenders. MEA and DEA which have a primary and secondary amine unit, respectively, accelerated both the polymerization and blow reactions and resulted in faster cream (CT), gel (GT), and end-of-rise time (RT) values. On the other hand, MEG also accelerated GT, but retarded CT. Finally, GLY retarded CT, GT, and RT of foam samples. FD of all samples were almost the same with a slight decrease by increasing the amount of chain extenders. Besides, force-to-crush (FTC) as a measure of closed- or open-cell structure, was investigated. Results showed that incorporating di- and trifunctional chain extenders led to a remarkable increase in FTC values. The influence was more profound with amine-based chain extenders. The effects of chain extenders on the mechanical properties were also studied according to the ASTM D3574. In the compression set test, using difunctional chain extenders up to 0.6 php, improved the performance. But higher amounts reversed the trend. On the other hand, trifunctional chain extenders declined the compression set properties of the foam. The addition of chain extenders dwindled the tensile and tear properties of the foams. However, the reduction was less with difunctional chain extenders.

Synergy tetraethylenepentamine and diethanolamine impregnated within silica nanotubes derived from natural halloysite for efficient CO2 capture

Amine-impregnated porous solid adsorbents are promising commercial CO2 capture adsorbents for CO2 mitigation due to relatively large CO2 capacity and high CO2 selectivity. However, the intrinsic viscosity and aggregation of the polyamine leads to low amine efficiency and greatly limits its further development. In this work, a facile and efficient approach was carried out to manipulate the porosity of natural halloysite (HNTs) support with hollow tubular structure and impregnate mixed-polyamines, i.e., both tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) and diethanolamine (DEA) to synergistically enhance CO2 adsorption capacity, fast adsorption kinetics and thermal/chemical stability compared to the individual supported TEPA and DEA. The effects of the blend amount for TEPA and DEA, adsorption temperature and CO2 partial pressure on CO2 adsorption capacity and adsorption kinetics were specifically discussed. Due to the auxiliary effect of DEA, the chemical reaction between non-hydroxylated TEPA and CO2 was altered thus improving amine efficiency and the agglomeration layer between protonated TEPA molecules and carbamate, which existed due to electrostatic interaction when TEPA was loaded alone, was loosened thus improving amine efficiency and adsorption kinetics. Therefore, the maximum CO2 adsorption capacity of MHNTs loaded with 20 wt% TEPA and 20 wt% DEA was 3.25 mmol/g at 75 °C in the flow of 40 vol% N2/60 vol% CO2. Compared with loading individual TEPA with multiple amino groups on MHNTs, individual DEA with hydroxyl groups could increase the utilization efficiency of the amino groups of TEPA and ultimately obtain excellent CO2 capture capacity and adsorption kinetics. The experimental results show that the adsorbents obtained in this study using mixed amine impregnated silica nanotubes derived from natural minerals have a promising application in practical CO2 capture and separation processes.

Spectroscopic and molecular docking investigation on the interaction of a water-soluble Cu(II) complex containing diethanolamine and dipicolinic acid ligands with human serum albumin

Under physiological conditions, spectroscopic techniques as well as molecular docking simulation have been used to investigate the binding interaction mechanism between Cu(II) complex containing Pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (PDCA) and Diethanolamine (DEA) ligands, [Cu(DEA)(PDCA)] and human serum albumin (HSA). UV spectral changes of protein in the presence of the Cu(II) complex suggested the formation of a Protein-Cu(II) complex conjugate with specific new structure. The Cu(II) complex quenches the intrinsic fluorescence of the HSA via a static mechanism in which van der Waals interactions along with hydrogen bonds are fundamental binding forces. Displacement experiments performed by warfarin and ibuprofen site probes predict that the Cu(II) complex is located in subdomain IIA, Sudlow site 1 of HSA. Molecular docking results showed close resemblance with experimental data. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Effect of organic additives on NO<sub>2</sub> removal in the simultaneous absorption of SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> into limestone slurry

When SO<sub>2</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> are simultaneously absorbed into limestone slurry, the SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> (including HSO3 -) ions formed by the hydrolysis of SO<sub>2</sub> enhance the absorption rate of NO<sub>2</sub>. However, NO<sub>2</sub> absorption decreases due to the oxidation of SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> in the presence of O<sub>2</sub>. To address this issue, simultaneous absorption was performed by adding organic additives: formic, acetic, propionic acid, monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and triethanolamine (TEA). These limestone slurries were denoted FS, AS, PS, MS, DS, and TS, respectively. As the acidity of the organic acid increases, SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> oxidation inhibition also increases. Accordingly, the denitrification rate of the slurries with added organic acid was in the order of PS < AS < FS. SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> oxidation inhibition by the ethanolamine additives increased with the number of 2-hydroxyethyl. The denitrification rate within 50 min of reaction was in the order of MS < TS < DS, which is attributed to the basicity and SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> oxidation inhibition by ethanolamine. The denitrification rate after 50 min of the reaction was in the order of MS < DS < TS, which is presumed to be the result of SO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> oxidation inhibition and degradation due to the CO<sub>2</sub> absorption rate.

Design and simulate an amine-based CO2 capture process for a steam methane reforming hydrogen production plant

Steam methane reforming (SMR) is a common technique for hydrogen production, however CO2, which is created as a by-product, needs to be captured. Chemical absorption utilizing amine solvents is the most economically practical method of CO2 capturing. Amines are a class of organic compounds that are commonly used as chemical solvents for carbon capture. The effectiveness of a particular amine as a carbon capture solvent depends on its chemical structure and properties. Some commonly used amines for carbon capture include monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA). This study aims to simulate SMR hydrogen production plant utilizing amine-based carbon dioxide capture system using Aspen HYSYS V11 software and figure out the efficiency of different chemical solvents in capturing carbon dioxide. The results of this study show that MEA has high efficiency to capture CO2 due to its high reactivity and ability to form a strong chemical bond with CO2. However, it is also highly corrosive and can be costly to regenerate.

Research of novel polyamine-based biphasic absorbents for CO2 capture using alkanolamine to regulate the viscosity and mechanism analysis

Biphasic solvent has attracted widespread attention in CO2 chemical absorption technology due to its significant potential for reducing capture energy consumption. However, the high viscosity of CO2-rich phase after phase split could lead to issues such as high flow resistance, low heat transfer efficiency, and phase separation instability in application. To address these limitations, a strategy of using alkanolamine as a viscosity regulator for biphasic solvents was proposed. Diethanolamine(DEA), an alkanolamine regulator, was introduced to a system of polyamine/amide absorbent, and then a novel biphasic solvent of diethylenetriamine (DETA)/diethanolamine(DEA)/N, N-Dimethylacetamide(DMAC)/water(H2O) was developed. The viscosity of the CO2-rich phase solvent was reduced to 19.02 mPa⋅s, a significant decrease compared to the solution without DEA regulation. The novel solvent exhibited a high cyclic capacity of 2.08 mol/kg, which was 43.4 % higher than that of the solution without DEA, and a desorption rate twice as high as 30 wt% monoethanolamine(MEA). Quantitative 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations revealed the phase split and viscosity regulation mechanisms. It was proved that DETA species, especially carbamates, tend to self-aggregate with each other due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding with the CO2 loading increases, which leads to phase split and high viscosity of the saturated solution. Through DEA regulation, the protonation of carbamates and the generation of HCO3–/CO32– were promoted, which weakened the self-aggregation of carbamates species, decreasing the viscosity and the regeneration energy of saturated CO2-rich phase solution. The regeneration energy reached 2.19 GJ/ton CO2, which exhibited a 42.4 % reduction compared with that of 30 wt% MEA.

Effective adsorptive removal of trace CO2 from olefin using alkanolamine‐polyethylenimine‐functionalized fumed silica

AbstractThe purification of gaseous olefins, such as C2H4 and C3H6, requires the efficient removal of trace CO2 impurities. However, the development of ideal adsorbents with high CO2/olefin selectivity has remained a challenge. In this study, we synthesized a novel adsorbent, denoted as PEI/DEA@FS, by modifying fumed silica (FS) with a combination of polyethylenimine (PEI) and diethanolamine (DEA). At 298 K and 0.0004 bar, PEI/DEA@FS presented the highest CO2 adsorption capacity among previously studied adsorbents, with a value of 2.12 mmol/g. Notably, PEI/DEA@FS demonstrated very high ideal adsorption solution theory selectivity for CO2/C2H4 (>1010) and CO2/C3H6 (>107) at 298 K and 0.01 bar. Breakthrough experiments revealed its excellent separation performance, producing olefins (C2H4 and C3H6) with ultra‐high purity (>99.9%) from a CO2/olefin (1/99) mixture. Moreover, PEI/DEA@FS exhibited outstanding stability over 20 adsorption and desorption cycles, and its CO2 adsorption performance remained almost unchanged under 75% relative humidity in the feed stream.

Performance evaluation and optimization of hollow fiber membrane contactors for carbon dioxide absorption: A comparative study of ammonia, ethanolamine, and diethanolamine solvents

Membrane absorption is an emerging technology that amalgamates the merits of chemical absorption and membrane separation. However, the pivotal choice of solvent profoundly influences the overall performance of the membrane contactor. In this paper, a robust two-dimensional (2D) steady-state non-wetting mathematical and physical model of a hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC) was established. COMSOL software was used to solve the model equation of the membrane contactor. The impacts of ammonia, ethanolamine (MEA) and diethanolamine (DEA) on carbon dioxide absorption under different operating conditions and membrane geometry properties were simulated and compared. Results showed that the utilization of NH3 as the solvent in HFMC showcases performance akin to that of MEA, a substantial advantage over DEA. Notably, the performance disparity between ammonia and MEA might alter significantly in response to varying operating parameters. For instance, the CO2 removal performance of HFMC using aqueous ammonia surpasses that of MEA when the CO2 volume fraction exceeds 19 %. Moreover, hollow fibers featuring larger inner diameters and lengths endow a heightened effective mass-transfer area, thereby facilitating superior carbon dioxide removal performance.

Efek Penambahan Diethanolamine dan Suhu Kalsinasi terhadap Energi Gap Lapisan Tipis CuSnO3

This study focuses on the synthesis of CuSnO3 thin films using the sol-gel dip coating method, with a particular emphasis on the effects of diethanolamine (DEA) addition and calcination temperature on the bandgap energy. The successful addition of DEA significantly influenced the reduction of the bandgap energy of CuSnO3 thin films, decreasing from 3.21 eV (without DEA) to 2.11 eV (optimal DEA addition, 1.5 mL), as characterized by UV-DRS. Furthermore, different calcination temperatures yielded varying bandgap energies, with the lowest bandgap energy observed in samples calcined at 550°C. This research provides valuable insights into the manipulation of CuSnO3 thin film properties for potential applications in optoelectronic devices and other emerging technologies.