Dietary Quality Of Food Research Articles

0271 Effects of Experimentally Shortened Sleep on Dietary Outcomes in Adolescents

Abstract Introduction Adolescents who sleep less may consume more calories during the day; however, shortened sleep may have greater impact on the dietary quality of foods, particularly foods high in sugar content. This study examined the impact of shortened sleep on total caloric intake, macronutrients of food (fats, proteins, carbohydrates), added sugars consumed, and glycemic load/index of foods consumed. Methods 110 adolescents (ages 14–17, M = 15.73(1.80); 63.6% female) underwent a within-subject counterbalanced experimental sleep manipulation, spending either 6.5 or 9.5 hours/night in bed for five nights. During each sleep period, adolescents completed three dietary recalls (reporting amounts and types of foods consumed over a 24-hour period) administered by dietary core study staff. We conducted a series of repeated-measure general linear models comparing averaged weekly dietary outcomes of interest by sleep condition. We also explored whether experimental order of the sleep conditions, family income, or adolescent gender, body mass index (BMI), or race moderated the main effects of sleep condition on dietary outcomes. Alpha was set at .05 for primary analyses and .01 for exploratory analyses. Results We observed a main effect of sleep on carbohydrates (p=.038) and added sugars (p=.009) consumed, as well as the glycemic index (p=.013) and glycemic load (p=.009) of foods consumed. We did not observe a main effect of sleep on total calories or total grams of fat or protein consumed. Exploratory analysis found no significant interactions of the moderators with sleep condition on dietary outcomes. Conclusion Adolescents are consuming more carbohydrates, added sugars, and foods higher in glycemic index and load when sleep restricted, compared to well-rested, despite eating comparable amounts of calories. Sleep restricted adolescents may be drawn to foods that provide quick releases of energy to counteract sleepiness experienced during the day. Support R01 HL120879

Teff (Eragrostis Abyssinica) and Teff Based Fermented Cereals: Review Article

Nutritional quality of food is the most important parameter for maintaining human health and complete physical well-being. Since nutritional well-being is the driving force for development and maximization of human genetic potential. Dietary quality of food should be taken into consideration for maintaining human health and fitness to solve the problem of deep rooted malnutrition. Diversification of food production must be encouraged both at national and household level with their increasing yields and techniques. Hence the aim of this review was to assess the opportunities of teff nutrient profiles and teff based fermented cereals. Teff is a reliable and low risk cereal that grows on a wider ecology under moisture stress and waterlogged areas with few plant diseases and grain storage pest problems. Processing of teff for different foods is usually done by traditional ways and is mostly limited to the household level. Processing of the grain for different commercial foods is needed to promote worldwide teff utilization. Teff grain nutrients are promising and it is also an excellent gluten free alternative for people with celiac disease and other gluten allergy. The search for new gluten-free brewing materials is still in its infancy and researchers in this field of study are continuously researching on the malting, mashing, fermentation conditions and other aspects of teff so as to use it as a raw material for gluten-free beer, functional beverages and other gluten-free foods. Teff flour is used extensively in Ethiopia to make injera, a soft flatbread prepared from slightly fermented batter, and the grains are also used in stews and porridges. Teff has increased in popularity as a gluten-free health food in developed countries and has potential as an alternative food crop. In some places the plant is also grown as forage or hay crop, and the stalks are commonly fed to livestock postharvest.

Dietary Guidelines Are Not Met by In-Home Child Care Providers in Low-Income Areas

ObjectiveThe goals of this study were to describe (1) the dietary quality of foods and beverages served by in-home child care providers in low-income areas in Michigan and (2) the extent to which they align with the Dietary Reference Intakes and food group recommendations. DesignCross-sectional, observational. Food and beverages served were examined using direct diet observation. SettingChild care provider homes. ParticipantsIn-home child care providers (n = 116) from rural and urban Michigan counties (n = 24) were recruited from the Great Start to Quality child care database. Main Outcome MeasuresDietary quality (food groups and nutrients) of food and beverages served by 116 providers to 378 children, aged 2–5 years, for 1 lunch and a snack. AnalysisAverage food group and nutrient scores were compared with Dietary Reference Intakes and food group thresholds using the Wilcoxon rank sum test (significance at <.05). ResultsFindings indicate overserving of refined grains, protein, carbohydrates, added sugars, and sodium and underserving of whole grains and vegetables. Nutrients exceeding recommendations included vitamins A, C, and D, folate, calcium, zinc, and magnesium, whereas iron and potassium were underserved. Conclusions and ImplicationsTailored efforts are needed to address shortcomings in meeting dietary recommendations among in-home child care providers to enhance child nutrition.

Abstract P097: Sociodemographic Differences in the Dietary Quality of Food Purchases Among Participants in the Nationally-Representative Food Acquisition and Purchase Study (FoodAPS)

Background: Self-reported dietary data may not accurately represent usual dietary intake. Grocery purchase records provide an objective measure of diet, but little research has explored whether the diet quality of grocery purchases reflects individual-level diet quality and whether it differentiates between groups with known differences in dietary quality. This study evaluated whether there are sociodemographic differences in the dietary quality of grocery purchases akin to those observed in existing individual-level national data. Hypothesis: The diet quality of grocery purchases will reflect trends observed with individual-level diet quality. Methods: Grocery purchasing data from 3,961 households in the nationally-representative Food Acquisition and Purchase Study (FoodAPS) were used. Dietary data was collected using hand scanners over 7-days, and demographic data was self-reported. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) 2015 was used to determine grocery purchase quality, and multivariable-adjusted regression with Tukey adjustment or planned contrasts were used to determine whether HEI-15 scores differed according to food insecurity, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation, obesity within a household, race/ethnicity, and interactions between these variables. FoodAPS sample weights and Taylor series linearization method for variance estimation accounted for the complex sample design. Results: Primary respondents were, on average, 50.6 years, non-Hispanic White (70.3%), female (70.2%) and had attended some college (57.8%). The mean HEI-15 score was 54.7; 14.0% of households were food insecure and 12.7% received SNAP benefits. HEI-15 scores differed across all sociodemographic predictors (p&lt;0.05). Additionally, interactions (p&lt;0.1) were detected between SNAP participation and (1) food insecurity and (2) obesity within the household as well as race/ethnicity and obesity within the household. Food secure, non-SNAP households had higher HEI-15 scores than food insecure, SNAP participating households (53.9±0.5 vs. 50.3±0.7, p=0.007) in models adjusted for age, income, smoking, and education. Similarly, non-SNAP households without obesity present had significantly higher HEI-15 scores than all other households. Obesity presence within a household was associated with lower HEI-15 scores in non-Hispanic White (50.8±0.5 vs. 52.5±0.7, p=0.046), and Black households (48.8±1.5 vs. 53.1±1.4, p=0.018), but not Hispanic households (54.4±1.0 vs. 52.2±1.2, p=0.21). Conclusions: Disparities in the diet quality of grocery purchases reflect individual-level trends and vary based on sociodemographic factors. This analysis highlights the interrelationships between SNAP, food insecurity, race/ethnicity, and obesity within a household, demonstrating how the co-occurrence of risk factors may modify associations with diet quality.