Dietary Intake Of Micronutrients Research Articles

Racial and Ethnical Disparities in Dietary Intakes Among Adults with Diagnosed Diabetes: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2020

Backgrounds: Diet holds crucial significance in the management and prevention of type 2 diabetes. This study aims to compare dietary intake of key macronutrients and micronutrients across different race/ethnicity among adults with diabetes.Method: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 3,120 adults with diagnosed diabetes using the NHANES data from 2010 to March 2020. Type 2 diabetes was defined based on self-reported diagnosis or the use of anti-diabetic medications. Participants diagnosed with diabetes at age < 25years were assumed to have type 1 diabetes and were excluded. Race/ethnicity were categorized into White, Black, Asian, Mexican and other Hispanic adults. We compared the energy-adjusted nutrient intakes by race/ethnicity group and adjusted for sex and age.Results: There were significant differences in various nutrient intakes across race/ethnicity in adults with diabetes . Compared to White adults, Black adults were less likely to consume saturated fatty acids, calcium, zinc, and potassium; Asian adults had higher carbohydrate, fiber, magnesium, and sodium intakes but lower sugar, fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, and calcium consumptions; Mexican adults had higher fiber and magnesium intakes but a lower sugar intake; other Hispanic adults had lower intakes of total fat, saturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids.(all p<0.01.)Conclusion: There were significant racial/ethnical differences in dietary intake among various racial and ethnic groups in the US population. Tailored approaches through racial and ethnic considerations may

Abstract 4119926: Inadequate calorie and macronutrient intake in a population with congestive heart failure in a non-cardiovascular tertiary hospital.

Introduction: Chronic Heart Failure (HF) is a clinical syndrome that as a consequence of the compensatory mechanisms to maintain an adequate level of perfusion, causes dyspnea, peripheral edema, fatigue, lack of appetite, changes in body weight, cachexia, sarcopenia, among others. The presence of these signs and symptoms, with other factors such as restrictions on salt and water consumption, early satiety, and poor mobility, producing changes in the patient's nutritional status that can indirectly increase the risk of inadequate dietary intake, which over a prolonged period will lead to the development of nutritional deficiencies. Objective: To analyze the dietary intake of energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients of patients with chronic HF in outpatient care. Methods: Cross-sectional study, including 75 outpatients with HF, who attended a Heart Failure Clinic. Data collection on dietary intake was obtained using a multi-step 24-hour recall. The ESHA Food Processor program was used to calculate the energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient intake. The presence of congestion was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance vectorial analysis and VEXUS. Results: The baseline characteristics of the population are shown in Table 1. Of the total population, 34% presented with deficient caloric intake, and the subjects who presented congestion also ingested significant fewer calories compared with those who do not present congestion (p= 0.031). Only 15% of patients had an adequate protein intake that resulted in lower NYHA class; among those subjects with a deficient protein intake, 72% had congestion measured by VExUS or bioelectrical impedance. For the sodium intake in the subjects' diet, 45% exceeded the recommendation stated in the guidelines of less than 2,400 mg of sodium per day which was not statistically significant (p=0.077). Discussion and Conclusions: The inadequate intake of calorie or macronutrients in patients with CHF led the patients to more congestion and higher NYHA class, this provide a perspective on the importance of adequate nutritional advice by an expert in the area, which is also essential to improve the clinical course of heart failure. Likewise, future studies are deeded to investigate whether this poor dietary intake is inversely related to some clinical manifestations such as congestion, suggesting that improving these conditions could positively impact patients' volume status and improve functional class.

Association between dietary vitamin B6 intake and constipation: a population-based study.

Numerous studies have suggested a link between dietary micronutrient intake and the onset of constipation. Nevertheless, there has not been much research done on the potential relationship between vitamin B6 and constipation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether dietary vitamin B6 consumption and chronic constipation are related among adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The study made use of information from the 2009-2010 NHANES health and nutrition survey. Respondents' dietary information was gathered using 24-h dietary recalls. A range of statistical techniques, including as interaction tests, subgroup analyses, and curve fitting analyses, were used to examine the connection between dietary vitamin B6 intake and chronic constipation. This study included 3,643 patients, with 270 (7.41%) diagnosed with persistent constipation. A fully adjusted multiple logistic regression analysis found that increasing dietary vitamin B6 consumption (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.68-0.89) was linked to a lower incidence of constipation, with significance at p < 0.05. After accounting for numerous factors, the odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for the third tertile compared to the reference group (first tertile) were 0.85 (0.74, 0.98), with statistical significance at p < 0.05. Furthermore, subgroup analysis and interaction assessments revealed a substantial negative link between vitamin B6 intake and the occurrence of constipation, particularly in males and alcohol drinkers (all p-values were less than 0.05). This study found an inverse connection between vitamin B6 consumption and the prevalence of persistent constipation. More extensive prospective trials are needed to fully examine the long-term influence of vitamin B6 on persistent constipation.

Dietary Intake of Micronutrients and Use of Vitamin and/or Mineral Supplements: Brazilian National Food Survey.

Vitamin and/or mineral supplements are designed to correct micronutrient deficiencies or maintain adequate intake. However, evidence suggests the indiscriminate use of these products, particularly among populations that already meet their micronutrient requirements through diet. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of vitamin and/or mineral supplement use and assess the dietary intake of micronutrients among users and non-users in the Brazilian adult and elderly populations. The prevalence of vitamin and/or mineral supplement use was estimated from a sample of 37,364 individuals who participated in the Brazilian National Food Survey, a module of the 2017-2018 Household Budget Survey. The average dietary intake of micronutrients-including calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, zinc, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, cobalamin, pyridoxine, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin C, and folate-was calculated for both users and non-users of these supplements, based on 24 h dietary recalls collected during the survey. Analyses of dietary intake were stratified by sex and age group. The estimated overall prevalence of supplement use was 16.0% (95% CI: 15.4-16.6), with a higher prevalence among women (19.5% [95% CI: 18.7-20.5]) and the elderly (27.9% [95% CI: 26.4-29.4]). Women who used vitamin and/or mineral supplements showed higher average intakes for a greater number of dietary micronutrients compared to non-users. The findings from the analysis of average micronutrient intake from food sources, particularly among women and elderly women who used supplements, support the paradox of the "inverse supplement hypothesis", which suggests that individuals who use dietary supplements are often those with the least need for them.

Effects of propolis supplementation on prooxidant-antioxidant balance, oxidative stress biomarkers, and body composition in obese patients with NAFLD: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial.

Oxidative stress is one of the main hits in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Propolis (PRP), a natural substance made by bees from plant extracts, has been reported to have antioxidant properties. The present clinical trial investigated the effect of Iranian PRP on prooxidant-antioxidant balance (PAB), oxidative stress biomarkers, and body composition in obese patients with NAFLD. In the present double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial, 44 obese patients with NAFLD were randomly allocated to either Iranian PRP (1500 mg/d) or placebo (1500 mg/d) accompanied by a calorie-restricted diet (CRD) for eight weeks. PAB, oxidative stress biomarkers, and body composition were assessed at baseline and the end of the study. There was a significant reduction in PAB levels over the trial in both groups. However, the between-group difference was not significant at the endpoint. At the end of the study, the inter-group comparison showed a significant decrease in serum glutathione peroxidase level in the placebo group compared to the PRP group after adjusting for confounding variables based on models 1 (P=0.027) and 2 (P=0.028). No significant within- or between-group differences in other studied oxidative stress biomarkers were found. Moreover, no between-group differences were observed for body composition and dietary intakes of energy and antioxidant micronutrients. Iranian PRP supplementation (1500 mg/d) for eight weeks could prevent the reduction of glutathione peroxidase levels compared to the control group. However, it could not affect other oxidative stress biomarkers, body composition, or dietary intakes of energy and antioxidant micronutrients.

Quantifying Turkana’s wild edible plants’ contribution to critical micronutrient and dietary diversity among women of reproductive age

ABSTRACT This study explored wild edible plants’ (WEPs) contribution to dietary diversity and micronutrient intakes of women in Turkana County using a multi-method quantitative research design. In addition to the nutrient composition analysis of four vegetable plants and one edible fruit collected from the wild, two survey rounds were conducted – in 2020 during COVID (n = 360) and in 2022 during extreme drought (n = 600), to collect dietary intake data of women using 24-h recall. The study revealed that WEPs contribute 12% to 30% of the total daily food intake among women, and 0.6 to 1.4 food groups to dietary diversity, depending on the season. All the five WEPs tested contained on average 0.5 mg zinc, 6.4–25.5 mg iron, and 97.8–330.8 mg calcium per 100 g edible portion. This study demonstrates the significance of WEPs’ nutritional contribution to the Turkana communities’ diets, and their pivotal role during times of food scarcity, and recommends their promotion alongside measures to prevent their overexploitation.

Association between the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and periodontitis in US adults: a cross-sectional analysis.

The pathogenesis of periodontitis may be related to host-mediated inflammatory and immune responses caused by accumulation of oral microbial plaque. Nutrients have anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory capabilities. Dietary intake of antioxidants and micronutrients is associated with the inflammatory burden of the diet. The Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) is a composite index for assessing the antioxidant properties of a diet, and the relationship with periodontitis is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between periodontitis and CDAI. The study was a cross-sectional design and included 7,471 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009 to 2014 database. Participants were divided into experimental and control groups according to the relevant criteria, where the control group consisted of participants with no/mild periodontitis (including 3,646 participants) and the experimental group consisted of participants with moderate/severe periodontitis (including 3,825 participants). First, baseline characteristics of the two groups of participants were compared. Weighted logistic regression analyses was used to explore the relationship between periodontitis and CDAI. The linear relationship between the two was assessed using restricted cubic spline. Finally, subgroup analyses were used to assess model stability. Differences between the two groups of participants were statistically significant in age, sex, race, education, ratio of household income to poverty, body mass index, smoking status, drinking status, and prevalence of diabetes. CDAI, as a continuous variable, was not found to be significantly associated with periodontitis. The CDAI was converted to categorical variables according to quartile. In model 1, participants in the second and third quartile groups had a lower risk of developing periodontitis compared with participants in the lowest quartile group (OR [95% CI] 0.810 [0.681, 0.963], P = .021; OR [95% CI] 0.811 [0.691, 0.951], P = .014; respectively). In model 2, participants in the second, third, and fourth quartile groups had a lower risk of developing periodontitis compared to the lowest quartile group (OR [95% CI] 0.803 [0.660, 0.978], P = .0349; OR [95% CI] 0.753 [0.632, 0.897], P = .003; OR [95% CI] 0.753 [0.617, 0.920], P = .008; respectively). There was a non-linear relationship between CDAI and periodontitis (P non-linearity = .0055), with the inflection point occurring at a CDAI equal to 0.6342. There is a nonlinear relationship between CDAI and periodontitis in US adults. However, further prospective studies are still needed to validate the results.

Assessment of dietary intake in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease using the Ukrainian version of the EPIC-Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire: A cross-sectional study

Metabolic dysfunction‑associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is prevalent worldwide. Studies demonstrate a possible association between diet and MASLD. However, data regarding patients in Ukraine are lacking. Objective — to study dietary habits and meeting recommended dietary intake in patients with MASLD. Materials and methods. Adults with MASLD aged 18 years and older (n=29) receiving care in outpatient settings who fully completed the adapted and validated Ukrainian version of the EPIC‑Norfolk Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) were included in the analysis. Liver steatosis was confirmed by ultrasound examination, and diagnosis of MASLD was based on the criteria defined by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. As a reference for recommended dietary intake, data from the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020—2025 years were used. FETA software was used to calculate nutrient data from the FFQ. The one‑sample t‑test, t‑test, the one‑sample signed rank sum test, and Mann‑Whitney test were used to assess the differences between the sample and the reference data. The chi‑squared test was used to analyse categorical data. Results. The mean age of participants was 41.4±12 years, 69% of participants being female. The mean body mass index was 35.4±7.9 kg/m2. Participants consumed more protein, than recommended by current dietary recommendations. Women also tended to have higher energy intake and consume more fat, saturated fatty acids, and carbohydrates than recommended. The median fibre intake was 19.36 g (Q1; Q3 : 13.29; 26.45), which is lower than the recommended 14 g per 1000 kcal (p=0.0015). Dietary intake of most vitamins and micronutrients was met. However, women and men consumed less than 600 IU of vitamin D daily. Among all patients with MASLD, sodium intake (3829.5±1559.3 mg) was significantly higher than recommended (2300 mg, p&lt;0.0001). Approximately 62% of participants take dietary supplements, with vitamin D being the most popular choice. Conclusions. Our study showed that patients with MASLD in Ukraine tend to exceed recommended protein and sodium intake and, at the same time, have low fibre and Vitamin D consumption. High energy intake and saturated fatty acids consumption are also of concern.

Social isolation, loneliness and low dietary micronutrient intake amongst older people in England.

Social isolation and loneliness are associated with increased risk of adverse health outcomes at older ages. This study evaluated whether isolation and loneliness are related to inadequate intake of micronutrients in the diet. We tested associations between social isolation and loneliness and dietary micronutrient intake 2 years later in 3713 men and women (mean age 68.26, standard deviation 7.81years) who completed two online 24-h dietary recalls. Associations of isolation and loneliness with intake of nine minerals and vitamins that fell below national recommendations were tested using logistic regressions, adjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, education, marital status, smoking and physical activity and total energy intake. The prevalence of low dietary intake varied markedly across micronutrients. Social isolation (1-point increase in a score ranging 0-5) was associated with increased odds (adjusted for covariates) of low intake of magnesium [odds ratio (OR) 1.153, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.037-1.282, P = .009], potassium (OR 1.201, 95% CI 1.087-1.327, P < .001), vitamin B6 (OR 1.263, 95% CI 1.110-1.438, P < .001), folate (OR 1.211, 95% CI 1.093-1.341, P < .001) and vitamin C (OR 1.238, 95% CI 1.098-1.394, P < .001). These associations remained unchanged when food insecurity and impaired activities of daily living were taken into account. By contrast, loneliness was not related to the inadequate intake of any micronutrient. Low intake of micronutrients increases risk of age-related health problems. Attention to the dietary quality of older people with limited social contacts and little involvement in community activities might enhance health outcomes.

The Association of Dietary Micronutrient Intake and Systemic Inflammation among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Inflammation contributes to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). This study sought to document how the systemic biomarkers of inflammation varied based on food choices among patients with T2DM. This cross-sectional study enrolled ambulatory patients with T2DM. Demographic and clinical information was collected. Five drops of fingerstick blood were collected using an absorbent paper device (HemaSpot HFR). C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A protein (SAA), and fibrinogen were measured using a Luminex assay. Patient-generated 7-day food diaries were analyzed using a validated food processor software. Data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation tests, linear regression and logistic regression with the significance level set at 0.05. Among the 71 participants, 43 (60.6%) were females. The average age and duration of T2DM were 64.1 ± 10.3 and 15.8 ± 9.1 years, respectively. In a simple linear regression run with selected micronutrients, iron [F (1, 53) = 5.319, p < 0.05, adj. R2 = 0.074] significantly predicted plasma CRP. This significance was lost with multiple linear regressions including age, gender, BMI, T2DM duration, T2DM complications, glycohemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and other micronutrients. The average intake of most micronutrients by the participants was below the recommended daily intake. A higher intake of iron-rich foods was associated with higher levels of systemic inflammation in a simple linear regression model, but the association was not present after adjusting for patient factors like age, gender, BMI and T2DM-related variables. This relationship needs to be explored further given the key role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of T2DM and its associated complications.

Is there an Association between Dietary Micronutrients Intake and Bone Fractures among Malaysian Reproductive-Age Women? The PURE Malaysia Study.

Background: Bone fractures represent a significant health issue and impose a considerable burden on healthcare systems globally. However, data pertaining to bone fractures, especially among reproductive-age women in Malaysia, are very limited. Micronutrients like calcium, magnesium and phosphorus play vital roles in bone health, influencing bone mineral density and fracture risk. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of bone fractures among reproductive-age women and the association with dietary micronutrient intakes. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1,730 participants of reproductive-age women from the Malaysia Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiological (PURE) study were recruited. The participants' dietary intakes were assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Selected micronutrients in the participants' diets were calculated using the Malaysian food composition and the US Department of Agriculture food composition databases. The association between micronutrient intakes, comorbidities and physical activity levels with bone fractures were evaluated to identify predictors of bone fractures among reproductive-age women. Results: The prevalence of bone fractures among Malaysian reproductive-age women was low (3.7%). The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that none of the micronutrients was associated with bone fractures. However, factors of diabetes and passive smoking in this study showed 2.6- and 4.0-times-higher odds of having bone fractures, respectively (AOR 2.580; 95% CI: 1.173-5.672) and (AOR 4.012; 95% CI: 2.265-7.107). Conclusions: It was found that the majority of women in this study were taking lower micronutrient intakes of calcium, magnesium, and vitamin K than the Malaysia recommended nutrient intakes (RNI). Although this study showed that a low micronutrient intake is not significantly associated with bone fractures, it is recommended that future studies focus on controlled trials or prospective data analyses to establish causal relationships and the optimal micronutrient requirements for maintaining strong and healthy bones in women of reproductive age.

Dietary Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intake Among Corporate Employees Aged 30 to 40 Years Residing in Mumbai, India

The rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in India necessitates more studies on nutritional intake and dietary behaviour. While data exists on low-income groups, rural populations and the population at large, limited information exists on that of urban, working professionals – a demographic that has the means and access to make informed choices, and yet, have a disproportionately high risk of NCDs. The aim of this study was to investigate nutrient intake in Indian professionals. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 214 working professionals (aged 30-40 years; 69 females and 145 males) in Mumbai. Habitual food intake was investigated by two 24-hour recalls and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Nutrient adequacy ratios were calculated in comparison to Indian estimated average requirements. Compared to recommendations, a lower total energy and carbohydrate intake, while a higher protein and fat intake was observed among the participants. However, the intake of omega-3 fats, and overall fruit and vegetable intake was poor. A significantly higher energy from proteins and fats was observed among non-vegetarians, while vegetarians consumed more energy from carbohydrates. Insufficient intake of vitamins and minerals was prevalent with over 50% of study participants consuming &lt;50% of their required intake of Vitamin A, B12, folate, riboflavin, zinc and potassium. Intake of copper, pyridoxine and iron were also suboptimal. To conclude, the insufficient intake of micronutrient and macronutrient imbalances in the studied population, highlights the urgency of targeted nutritional interventions and education in urban, corporate populations in India, to mitigate the risk of NCDs.

CastelLact Project: Exploring the Nutritional Status and Dietary Patterns of Pregnant and Lactating Women-A Comprehensive Evaluation of Dietary Adequacy.

Promoting optimal nutrition in pregnant and lactating women is crucial for maternal and infant health. This study evaluated their nutritional status and dietary habits, assessing macro and micronutrient intake based on recommendations. A descriptive study with Spanish participants examined social, obstetric, dietary, and anthropometric data using quantitative and qualitative methods. The analysis of fatty acids by gas chromatography revealed significant variability, with notable deviations in specific fatty acids like C:10:0 and C:12:0. Despite some differences, the overall composition aligns with standards. During pregnancy, 53.8% consumed five meals/day. Grilling (92.3%) and baking (76.9%) were common. Food consumption frequency differed from recommendations. Lactating mothers' mean energy intake was 2575.88 kcal/day ± 730.59 standard deviation (SD), with 45% from carbohydrates and 40% from lipids, including 37.16 g ± 10.43 of saturated fatty acids. Diets during pregnancy lacked fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts, and cereals. Lactating mothers partially met nutritional objectives, with an energy distribution skewed towards lipids and deficiencies in calcium, iodine, vitamin D, E, and folic acid. Promoting proper nutrition during pregnancy and lactation is essential to safeguard health and prevent chronic diseases.

Deficiency of Energy and Nutrient and Gender Differences among Chinese Adults: China Nutrition and Health Survey (2015-2017).

Half of Chinese adults face the double burden of overweight/obesity and micronutrient deficiencies, and nearly 40% of them are severely overweight/obese or have micronutrient deficiencies. This study used the data from China Nutrition and Health Survey (CNHS) from 2015 to 2017 to estimate the prevalence of inadequate dietary micronutrient intake (including vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin C, cCalcium, iron and sodium) in Chinese adults and further determine the differences in micronutrient intake by gender, age and BMI. A total of 61,768 subjects were included in this study, of which 33,262 (54%) were female. The intake of energy and all macronutrients decreased with age, and the intake was higher in men than in women. Inadequate energy intake occurs in adults of all ages. In terms of nutrient intake, women had a higher rate of insufficient carbohydrate intake than men in all age groups. Inadequate protein intake was more common in women aged 18-49 years (60.9%) than in men. Compared with women, men had a higher rate of vitamin B2 intake. Insufficient vitamin B3 intake was more common in women aged 18-49 years (35.6%), men aged 65-79 years (39.7%) and men aged 80 years and above (47.9%). In all age groups, insufficient vitamin C intake is higher in women than in men-up to 85.8 percent in women aged 80 years old and above. Compared with men in the same age group, insufficient intake of calcium and iron is more obvious in women. Women have significantly higher rates of inadequate intake of calcium, iron and sodium than men. In the analysis of correlations between BMI or demographic data and micronutrient intakes, the likelihood of micronutrient intakes being insufficient was higher in the central and western regions in all age groups compared to the eastern regions. The risk of insufficient micronutrient intake was higher in obese men and women aged 18-49 years and 50-64 years. Underweight and overweight women in the 65-79 age group were more likely to have inadequate micronutrient intake. Obese women over 80 years of age were less likely to have inadequate micronutrient intake. No significant difference was found between urban and rural areas for each age group.

A Comprehensive Investigation of Dietary Micronutrient Intakes and Risk of Alcoholic Liver Disease

BackgroundThe investigation of dietary micronutrient intakes and risk of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) based on observational studies was limited. ObjectivesOur study aimed to explore the associations of 30 dietary micronutrients intakes with risk of ALD, interactions between dietary micronutrients and genetic variation, and mediation effects of blood and urinary biomarkers on the associations between dietary micronutrients and risk of ALD. MethodsA case-control study was conducted within the UK Biobank cohort, with 231 incident ALD cases and 1386 controls. Dietary data were collected using a dietary questionnaire that relied on a 24-h dietary recall of the previous day. Logistic regression models were employed to assess the associations of dietary micronutrient intakes with risk of ALD. We conducted stratified analyses on the associations between dietary micronutrient intakes and risk of ALD by PNPLA3 rs738409 and tested the interactions between dietary micronutrients and genetic variation. In addition, we conducted mediation analyses to investigate the mediating effects of biomarkers on the associations between dietary micronutrients and risk of ALD. ResultsOur findings indicated significant inverse associations of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin equivalent, pantothenic acid, vitamin B-6, folate, vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, copper, iodine, and manganese with risk of ALD (all false discovery rate-Ptrend < 0.050). We also found a significant interaction between PNPLA3 rs738409 and magnesium (Pinteraction = 0.028). Creatinine (enzymatic) in urine, aspartate aminotransferase, and insulin-like growth factor 1 were the top 3 biomarkers with the highest number of significant mediation effects on the associations between the dietary micronutrients and risk of ALD. ConclusionsDietary intakes of thiamin, riboflavin, niacin equivalent, pantothenic acid, vitamin B-6, folate, vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, copper, iodine, and manganese were inversely associated with risk of ALD.

An Assessment of Dietary Patterns and Micronutrient Intake Among Farming Adults in Rural Sri Lanka

An Assessment of Dietary Patterns and Micronutrient Intake Among Farming Adults in Rural Sri Lanka

Dietary patterns and micronutrients in respiratory infections including COVID-19: a narrative review

BackgroundCOVID-19 is a pandemic caused by nCoV-2019, a new beta-coronavirus from Wuhan, China, that mainly affects the respiratory system and can be modulated by nutrition.MethodsThis review aims to summarize the current literature on the association between dietary intake and serum levels of micronutrients, malnutrition, and dietary patterns and respiratory infections, including flu, pneumonia, and acute respiratory syndrome, with a focus on COVID-19. We searched for relevant articles in various databases and selected those that met our inclusion criteria.ResultsSome studies suggest that dietary patterns, malnutrition, and certain nutrients such as vitamins D, E, A, iron, zinc, selenium, magnesium, omega-3 fatty acids, and fiber may have a significant role in preventing respiratory diseases, alleviating symptoms, and lowering mortality rates. However, the evidence is not consistent and conclusive, and more research is needed to clarify the mechanisms and the optimal doses of these dietary components. The impact of omega-3 and fiber on respiratory diseases has been mainly studied in children and adults, respectively, and few studies have examined the effect of dietary components on COVID-19 prevention, with a greater focus on vitamin D.ConclusionThis review highlights the potential of nutrition as a modifiable factor in the prevention and management of respiratory infections and suggests some directions for future research. However, it also acknowledges the limitations of the existing literature, such as the heterogeneity of the study designs, populations, interventions, and outcomes, and the difficulty of isolating the effects of single nutrients from the complex interactions of the whole diet.

Mandatory large-scale food fortification programmes can reduce the estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake by up to 50% globally

Large-scale food fortification (LSFF) can increase dietary micronutrient intake and improve micronutrient status. Here we used food balance sheet data from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations to estimate current country-specific prevalences of inadequate zinc intake. We assessed the potential effects of improving existing LSFF programmes for cereal grains or implementing new programmes in 40 countries where zinc deficiency is a potential public health problem. Accounting for LSFF programmes as currently implemented, 15% of the global population (1.13 billion individuals) is estimated to have inadequate zinc intake. In countries where zinc deficiency is a potential public health problem, the implementation of high-quality mandatory LSFF programmes that include zinc as a fortificant would substantially increase the availability of zinc in the national food supply, reducing the estimated prevalence of inadequate zinc intake by up to 50% globally. Investments in strong LSFF programmes could have a substantial impact on population zinc status.

Does Dietary Supplement Use Increase Micronutrient Intake Adequacy in Healthy Adults with Habitual Omnivorous, Vegetarian, Vegan, and Low-Carbohydrate High-Fat Diets?

Diets omitting whole food groups pose a risk for micronutrient insufficiencies, but there are no data as to whether those are suitably attenuated with dietary supplements (DS). Micronutrient intakes with food and DSs were analyzed in 130 healthy adults: 32 vegans, 37 vegetarians, 24 following low-carbohydrate high-fat diet (LCHF), and 37 omnivores. A total of 63% used DS (84% of vegans, 75% of LCHF, 54% of vegetarians, and 46% of omnivores); however, a DS did not always tackle dietary insufficiencies. Vitamin B12 was often supplemented in vegans in doses substantially higher than recommended, but it was supplemented less often in vegetarians, despite the low prevalence of sufficient intake. Only 43% of participants supplemented vitamin D in wintertime, 23% of them with an insufficient dose. Supplementation of potassium, calcium, and iodine was rare, despite low intake adequacy with food alone in all groups. Some micronutrients were supplemented unnecessarily, such as vitamin K, riboflavin, biotin, and iron. Multimicronutrient DSs were used often; they increased intake adequacy of group B vitamins but failed to sufficiently supplement vitamin D, potassium, calcium, and iodine. Although DS use increased micronutrient intake sufficiency when used properly, the knowledge on micronutrient inadequacy in all dietary patterns should be increased and the public should be educated on the proper use of DSs. Multimicronutrient DSs should be reformulated to tackle the insufficiencies.

Synergistic Effects of Nutrients on Musculoskeletal Health in Gerontology: Understanding the Combined Impact of Macronutrients and Micronutrients.

With the global aging population, addressing prevalent age-related conditions such as osteoporosis and sarcopenia is crucial. Traditional nutritional strategies focusing on single nutrients like calcium, vitamin D, or protein have limitations, prompting a nuanced exploration of the relationship between aging, nutrition, and musculoskeletal health. This cross-sectional study examines the complex interplay between dietary intake of macronutrients, common micronutrients, and water, as well as their association with musculoskeletal health in adults aged 50 to 80 years, using U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data (NHANES). Employing multiple linear regression, restricted cubic splines, weighted quantile sum (WQS), and quantile-based g-computation (QGC) regression models, our initial analysis using the WQS model revealed that a one-quartile increase in mixed macronutrient intake was associated with a significant 0.009 unit increase in bone mineral density (BMD) and a 0.670 unit increase in grip strength, while a similar increase in mixed micronutrient intake showed a 0.007 unit increase in BMD and a 0.442 unit increase in grip strength. Our findings highlight the importance of a balanced dietary approach in promoting musculoskeletal health in the elderly, offering holistic strategies for overall well-being.