Dietary Habits Of Adolescents Research Articles

Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among adolescents in Nagarjun municipality: a cross-sectional study

IntroductionOverweight and obesity are a growing global public health threat increasingly prevalent among adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries such as Nepal. These conditions are influenced by multifaceted social, behavioural, and habitual factors. Adolescents are particularly at risk due to changing dietary and lifestyle patterns. Additionally, the current nutritional shift, economic progress and rapid urbanisation pose significant threats to nutrition-related health outcomes. This study aims to assess the prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among adolescents in Nepal.MethodsA school-based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2022 to January 2023 among 768 randomly selected adolescents from 10 schools in the Nagarjun municipality of Nepal. Anthropometric measurements of height and weight were assessed using standard tools, and the corresponding body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Factors associated with overweight/obesity were examined using the χ2tests, followed by logistic regression analyses. The statistical significance was set at p<0.05 and 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs).ResultsThe overall prevalence of overweight/obesity among adolescents was 6.38% (95% CI 4.64% to 8.11%). The mean weight, height and BMI of the participants were 50.22±9.37 kg, 160.17±9.14 cm and 19.56±3.24 kg/m2, respectively. Adolescents studying in higher grades (AOR 3.61, 95% CI 1.26 to 10.30), uninvolved in any kind of physical activity (AOR 4.97, 95% CI 2.38 to 10.34) and various games and extracurricular activities at school (AOR 2.49, 95% CI 1.16 to 5.28) and consuming high-calorie sugar-rich foods as lunch (AOR 3.02, 95% CI 1.31 to 6.94) were more likely of being overweight/obese than their respective counterparts.ConclusionOverweight and obesity are significantly influenced by lifestyles that involve minimal to no physical activity and by the dietary habits of adolescents. The findings warrant interventions in educational and home settings aiming to improve the lifestyles of adolescents.

Factors Associated with Overweight/Obesity among Rural Secondary School Children in Bangladesh

Background & Objective: Unhealthy dietary patterns in combination with a sedentary lifestyle could be contributing to some major health issues worldwide. Obesity in children and adolescents can have short- and long-term adverse health consequences including early mortality. Although previously limited to urban areas, with the rapid adoption of urban lifestyle by the rural people the problem is now ubiquitous. It is difficult to develop a policy for promoting health and reducing obesity among adolescents living in rural regions since there is a lack of information on the factors that contribute to this problem. The present study was, therefore undertaken to evaluate the factors influencing overweight and obesity among rural adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done based on data collected by students of Rajshahi Medical College as part of their RFST (Rural Field-site Training) in 2019 from a rural area of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. A total of 535 students from two rural secondary schools participated in the study. Every alternate student of those schools from class VI-X was then included in the study as a respondent. The weight and height of the selected students were first taken followed by data collection on variables of interest. Using weight and height data, the body mass index (BMI) of the respondents was first determined and was plotted on a growth chart (recommended by CDC, Atlanta) to find the percentile. Then the nutritional status of the individual respondents was determined based on their percentile status and was classified as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. Results: Almost one-fifth (18.2%) of the respondents was found overweight or obese. Upon comparing respondents’ demographic characteristics, food and exercise behaviour between overweight & obese and normal & underweight groups, the former group was found younger than the latter group. Respondents’ socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with their nutritional status with overweight & obese adolescents being significantly higher in the Middle- and rich SES group (78.4%) than in the poor and lower middle-class (61.4%). Neither dietary nor exercise behaviour was associated with the nutritional status of the respondents. Although the majority (84.2%) of normal & underweight adolescents preferred low to medium-calorie snacks, overweight and obese adolescents were more likely to choose high-calorie snacks. Fast walking and running were the more common forms of exercise behaviour and of longer duration among the overweight & obese cohort than those among normal & underweight cohorts. Conclusion: The study concluded that the period of early adolescence is vulnerable to developing obesity. Adolescents belonging to middle and well-off SES are more prone to be overweight or obese than those belonging to lower middle & poor SES. However, exercise, physical activity, and dietary habits of adolescents do not influence their nutritional status. Ibrahim Card Med J 2023; 13 (1&2): 19-25

Optimizing Dietary Habits in Adolescents with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Personalized Mediterranean Diet Intervention via Clinical Decision Support System-A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The hypothesis of this randomized controlled trial was that a clinical decision support system (CDSS) would increase adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) among adolescent females with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The objective was to assess the impact of personalized MD plans delivered via a CDSS on nutritional status and psychological well-being. Forty adolescent females (15-17 years) with PCOS were randomly assigned to the MD group (n = 20) or the Control group (n = 20). The MD group received personalized MD plans every 15 days via a CDSS, while the Control group received general nutritional advice. Assessments were conducted at baseline and after 3 months. Results showed significantly increased MD adherence in the MD group compared to the Control group (p < 0.001). The MD group exhibited lower intakes of energy, total fat, saturated fat, and cholesterol, and higher intakes of monounsaturated fat and fiber (p < 0.05). Serum calcium and vitamin D status (p < 0.05), as well as anxiety (p < 0.05) were improved. In conclusion, tailored dietary interventions based on MD principles, delivered via a CDSS, effectively manage PCOS in adolescent females. These findings highlight the potential benefits of using technology to promote dietary adherence and improve health outcomes in this population. ClinicalTrials.gov registry: NCT06380010.

Body image and dietary habits in adolescents: a systematic review.

Adolescence is a critical developmental stage in which increasing concerns about body image (BI) coincide with the consolidation of dietary habits (DHs). Multiple studies have sought robust associations between BI and DHs to prevent unhealthy behaviors. The aim of this systematic review was to examine the available literature on the association between BI perception (BIP) and/or satisfaction (BIS) and DHs in adolescents. A search was carried out of 5 electronic databases (PubMed, SciELO, Cochrane, Embase, and PsycInfo) using a combination of keywords (and synonyms) related to adolescence, BI, and diet. Data screening, extraction, and quality assessment were performed independently by 2 investigators using the PRISMA and AXIS guidelines. Of 2496 articles screened, 30 articles, published in English or Spanish, that evaluated the relationship between BI and DHs in adolescents aged between 10 years and 18 years, were included. A relationship between accurate BI perception in adolescents and healthy DHs was reported in 5 articles (16.2%). A relationship between overestimation of body weight in adolescents and healthy DHs was reported in 4 articles (13.3%). A relationship between underestimation of body weight and unhealthy DHs was reported in 8 articles (26.7%). In addition, 4 articles (13.3%) reported a relationship between BIS and healthy DHs. The desire to gain weight was associated with unhealthy DHs in 3 (10%) of the articles, while the desire to lose weight was related to healthy DHs in 3 (10%) of the articles and to unhealthy DHs in 3 (10%) other articles. There were also gender differences in the relationship between BIP or BIS and DHs. Adolescents who underestimate their body weight tend to report less healthy DHs than body weight overestimators. Adolescents unsatisfied with their BI and with a drive for thinness frequently engage in DHs linked to losing weight. PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020184625.

Uticaj navika u ishrani na uhranjenost adolescenata u Srbiji - rezultati istraživanja zdravstvenog ponašanja školske dece 2018. godine

Adolescence represents a high-risk period for weight gain, due to hormonal and metabolic changes that lead to changes in body composition, but also to changes in diet and exercise-related behaviours. Dietary habits of adolescents have a significant impact on their nutritional and health status; establishment of adequate habits is important, due to their impact on growth and development at this stage in life, but also on health consequences in adulthood. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of diet and diet-related behaviours in adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15 in Serbia and to examine their relationship with nutritional status categories. In this paper, data from the Health Behaviour in School-age Children Study in Serbia from 2018 were used. The study was conducted as a cross-sectional study of a national representative sample of adolescents aged 11, 13 and 15. In this study, according to the BMI, 12% of the respondents were underweight, 70.8% were of normal weight, while 17.2% were overweight and obese. When it comes to dietary habits, 59.3% of the respondents regularly eat breakfast during the working week. Fruits are consumed once per day or more often by 42%, and vegetables by 41.5% of the respondents. Sweets are consumed once per day and more often by 35.7% of adolescents, while a fifth of the adolescents drink juices every day, older children more often than the younger. A fifth of the adolescents have snacks every day while watching TV and working/playing on a computer, and the same number have at least one meal per day while watching television, as well. Findings of this study indicate a need for a more intensive health education for adolescents, not just for the purpose of preventing obesity, but also to prevent unwanted diet-related behaviours such as snacking or "grazing", skipping meals etc, since dietary habits adopted in childhood and adolescence persist in adulthood.

Inadequate intake of vitamins and minerals among high-school pupils in the Moroccan Rif region

BACKGROUND: Inadequate nutrient intakes in adolescents may negatively affect their future health. The identification of inadequate micronutrient intakes by dietary study provides essential information to guide educational strategies for promoting healthy eating habits. OBJECTIVE: To assess the daily micronutrient intake and the prevalence of inadequacy in a sample of middle and high-school pupils in the Rif region of Morocco. METHODS: A cross-sectional study collected dietary information from food records over three non-consecutive days in a sample (n = 302) of Moroccan Riffian adolescents (12–18 years). The DIAL software, adapted for commonly eaten Moroccan foods, was used to estimate micronutrient intakes. The proportion of individuals with intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or the Adequate Intake (AI) level and the probability approach were used to estimate the prevalence of inadequacy. RESULTS: Regardless of gender and age group, our subjects were found to be particularly at risk of inadequate intakes of vitamins E and D, calcium and potassium. Older adolescents (14–18 years) also showed a risk of inadequate intake of folate, biotin, magnesium, iodine and zinc (among boys). CONCLUSION: For many nutrients, the daily diets of our Riffian adolescents do not meet the recommended intake levels. We emphasize the need for monitoring the dietary habits of adolescents and the development of nutrition education programs. Further studies which include the clinical and biological assessment of nutritional status, as well as the regular collection of quality and nationally representative micronutrient data, are recommended.

Improving local food environments and dietary habits in adolescents by engaging with stakeholders in the Netherlands

The purpose of this article is to describe a series of recent studies from the authors and many of their colleagues aimed at improving the food environments of adolescents in the Netherlands and thereby improving their food choices. These studies are performed in the wider context of national and local strategies for the prevention of overweight and obesity in the Netherlands. Interventions were developed with local stakeholders and carried out in schools, supermarkets and low-income neighbourhoods. We conclude that current national policies in the Netherlands are largely ineffective in reducing the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Local integrated programmes in the Netherlands, however, seem to result in a reduction of overweight, especially in low-income neighbourhoods. It is impossible to say which elements of such an integrated approach are effective elements on their own. We found very little evidence for the effectiveness of separate interventions aimed at small changes in the food environment. This suggests that such interventions are only effective in combination with each other and in a wider systems approach. Future studies are needed to further develop the practical methodology of implementation and evaluation of systems science in combination with participatory action research.

Changes in Dietary Habits and Exercise Pattern of Korean Adolescents from Prior to during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

This study aimed to investigate changes in the exercise pattern and dietary habits in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. The 12–18-year-old population in the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey data of 2019 and 2020 was enrolled. The exercise pattern and dietary habits of 105,600 participants (53,461 in the 2019 group and 52,139 in the 2020 group) were compared. The odds ratios (ORs) for the dietary habits and exercise pattern of the 2020 group compared to the 2019 group were analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis with complex sampling. The odds of eating fruit, drinking soda, drinking sweet drinks, and consuming fast food were lower in the 2020 group than in the 2019 group (all p < 0.001). The odds of eating breakfast were higher in the 2020 group than in the 2019 group (all p < 0.001). The 2020 group showed lower odds of frequent vigorous and moderate aerobic exercise and higher odds of frequent anaerobic exercise than the 2019 group (all p < 0.001). During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents consumed less fruit, soda, and sweet drinks, while they had more breakfast. The frequency of aerobic exercise was lower, while the frequency of anaerobic exercise were higher during the COVID-19 pandemic period.

Procena rizika za nastanak dijabetesa tip 2 uslovljena navikama u ishrani kod adolescenata

This paper will present the results of a study on dietary habits in adolescents. The high school or adolescent era is a time of great physical and psychological changes, which cause instability and oscillations in the mood and behavior of high school students. Results obtained by interviewing secondary school students about eating habits and results obtained using a standardized questionnaire for the risk of type 2 diabetes were analyzed using a reliable statistical tool IBM SPSS Statistical, which offers a range of reliable analyzes and statistical tests. Previous research has shown that for each person with type 2 diabetes, one person finds out who does not know it. Discovery of pre-diabetes, in new potential patients, is necessary at the earliest age, when a number of factors affect lifestyles, such as irregular nutrition and obesity, physical inactivity, stress, and others become important for the development of this disease. Detection of risk levels in potential patients is important for both the individual and public health, and everyday clinical practice. After determining the degree of risk for a particular sample, a set of measures for a particular adolescent population will be recommended, so that the disease does not occur, or its onset will move for a later period of life.

Clustering of Poor Dietary Habits among Adolescents Aged 12 to 15 Years in 52 Low-Income and Middle-Income Countries.

Very few studies have reported the co-occurrence of poor dietary habits. We thus aimed to estimate the co-occurrence of poor dietary habits in adolescents in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Data were obtained from the Global School-Based Student Health Surveys (GSHS) from 2009 to 2017. The suboptimal dietary factors included fast food consumption, carbonated soft drink consumption, and low fruit and vegetable intake, which were assessed with a questionnaire survey. We calculated the corresponding country-specific prevalence with the number of suboptimal dietary factors. We also calculated pooled estimates across countries using a meta-analysis with random-effects. Our study included 145,021 adolescents between 12 and 15 years of age from 52 LMICs. The prevalence of fast food consumption, carbonated soft drink consumption, and low fruit and vegetable intake ranged from 20.9% in Pakistan to 80.0% in Thailand, from 22.4% in Kiribati to 79.3% in Suriname, and from 45.9% in Vanuatu to 90.7% in Nepal, respectively. The prevalence of exposure to two or three suboptimal dietary factors varied greatly across countries, ranging from 31.8% in Pakistan to 53.8% in Nepal and from 8.6% in Vietnam to 36.4% in Suriname, respectively. The pooled prevalence of exposure to two or three suboptimal dietary factors was 41.8% and 20.0%, respectively. Our findings indicate that poor dietary habits are frequent and tend to co-occur in adolescents in LMICs. Country-specific policies and programs are needed to address these conditions.

Abstract P206: Diet Quality is Lower Among Adolescents Who Skip Lunch

Introduction: A healthy diet is key in preventing chronic diseases and black adults have higher rates of hypertension, obesity, and heart disease death rates compared to their white counterparts. Because dietary habits track from adolescence to adulthood, it is important to understand dietary habits of adolescents. This study aimed to examine the dietary quality among adolescents who skip lunch compared to those who do not. Methods: Data were collected in 2012 from 718 adolescents attending schools in New Orleans, Louisiana. Schools were high-poverty and closed-campus. Adolescents participated in a 24-hour dietary recall using the Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour (ASA24) Dietary Assessment Tool and data were converted into Healthy Eating Index (HEI-10) scores (range 0-100; higher scores reflect higher quality diet). Mean scores were compared between students who skipped lunch and those who did not. Results: Of the 718 respondents, 88.3% were black and 15.3% of students skipped lunch. Students who ate lunch had a mean HEI score of 46.6 compared to a mean score of 41.7 for students who skipped lunch (p&lt;0.001). Students who skipped lunch also had significantly lower intake of total vegetables, whole fruits, total dairy, total protein, and higher intake of empty calories (Solid fats, alcohols, and added sugars (SoFASS)). Conclusions: Skipping lunch was associated with lower quality diet, though diet quality was low among all students. Students who skip lunch are less likely to consume vegetables, whole fruits, whole grains, and proteins and have higher intake of SoFASS. Considering over 15% of the sample did not eat lunch in a closed-campus school setting, further research should consider how to encourage students to participate in the National School Lunch Program. Table 1. HEI score comparisons between those who skip and do not skip lunch.

Risk assessment for diabetes type 2 conditions for nature in nutrition in adolescents

This paper will present the results of a study on dietary habits in adolescents. The high school or adolescent era is a time of great physical and psychological changes, which cause instability and oscillations in the mood and behavior of high school students. Results obtained by interviewing secondary school students about eating habits and results obtained using a standardized questionnaire for the risk of type 2 diabetes were analyzed using a reliable statistical tool IBM SPSS Statistical, which offers a range of reliable analyzes and statistical tests. Previous research has shown that for each person with type 2 diabetes, one person finds out who does not know it. Discovery of pre-diabetes, in new potential patients, is necessary at the earliest age, when a number of factors affect lifestyles, such as irregular nutrition and obesity, physical inactivity, stress, and others become important for the development of this disease. Detection of risk levels in potential patients is important for both the individual and public health, and everyday clinical practice. After determining the degree of risk for a particular sample, a set of measures for a particular adolescent population will be recommended, so that the disease does not occur, or its onset will move for a later period of life.

Problem Solving Ability and Adjustment in Relation to Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Dietary Habits in Adolescents

Adolescence is considered as a nutritionally critical period of life for several reasons. Firstly, manifold increase in physical...

Body mass composition and dietary habits in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome.

The aim of the present study is to assess differences in body composition between female participants in the study group who suffer from PCOS versus a healthy control group. The study included 85, 14-22-year-old, female participants. Participants belonged to one of two groups. Thirty seven participants with a diagnosis of PCOS were in the clinical group, and 48 participants were in the healthy control group with no prior diagnosis of PCOS. A statistically significant difference between groups was found in their answer regarding diet. A correlation was found between the body fat index and the use of dieting among participants; participants with a lower body fat index (in kilograms) were less likely to be on a diet. The young female participants with PCOS were shown to have similar body composition to age-matched healthy controls. However, the clinical group with PCOS reported more frequent use of dieting, with less use of exercise.

Association Between Smoking, Alcohol Consumption, and Dietary Habits in Northern Thai Adolescents in Thailand, 2016 - 2017

Background: Smoking and alcohol consumption have been common among adolescents in recent years, both of which are risk factors of cardiovascular disease. They may be associated with unhealthy dietary habits that can add to cardiovascular risks in adults. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between smoking status, alcohol consumption, and dietary habits in adolescents. Methods: In this study, 4,372 adolescents (2,223 males and 2,149 females) aged 13 to 18 years were enrolled from randomly selected schools in Northern Thailand. They were asked to complete the Thai Youth Risk Behavior Survey regarding smoking, alcohol use, and dietary habits. Results: The mean age of the participants was 15.4 (1.7) years and 15.0 (1.6) years in males and females, respectively. The prevalence of smokers and alcohol drinkers was 21% and 28.3%, respectively. Among alcohol drinkers, 52.4% were also smokers. Besides, 11% of the participants were current smokers. The proportions of adolescents with healthy dietary habits, defined as drinking 100% fruit juice, drinking milk, fruit/vegetable consumption, and having regular breakfast, were significantly higher in the non-smoking/non-drinking group (P ≤ 0.05 to P ≤ 0.001). Conclusions: Adolescents who were smokers and alcohol drinkers were less likely to have healthy dietary habits. This can affect cardiovascular risks and associated diseases in the future. The proper advice for dietary and lifestyle modification among these high-risk groups may be needed from an early age.

The relationship between the level of knowledge regarding fast food and the dietary habits among adolescents in Jakarta, Indonesia

This study analyses the relationship between the level of knowledge about junk food and the dietary habits among adolescents. As a descriptive correlative study, this research used a cross-sectional design. A total of 190 students in Grades 7 and 8 in a junior high school in Jakarta were recruited using a stratified random sampling technique. The study instrument was a questionnaire that contained 10 questions about the adolescents' knowledge level regarding junk food and 20 statements about their dietary habits. The chi-square analysis shows that there is no correlation between the knowledge level regarding junk food and the dietary habits of adolescents at the school (p 0.543; α 0.05). This research is expected to provide information to community nurses, parents, especially those who have teenagers, and to the community.

Consequences of Internet Addiction on Dietary Behavior among Adolescents in Assiut City

Background: Internet addiction has an unfavorable impact on dietary habits of adolescents. The aim was to assess the consequences of internet addiction on dietary behavior of adolescents in Assiut city. Design: Correlational descriptive research design was used in this study. Setting: Four governmental secondary schools in Assiut city were the setting of the study. Subjects: A representative sample of 400 adolescents was recruited for this study. A stratified sampling technique was used. Tools: Three tools were utilized to collect the data: Socioeconomic scale, internet addiction test, and dietary behavior and diet quality questionnaire. Results: More than one-third of the studied adolescents had occasional to frequent problem due to internet use and near to one-quarter of them had a significant problem from internet use. Also, they were skipping meals, snacking frequently, had a poorer appetite, and bad diet quality. Conclusion: Adolescent students who had significant problem from internet use had improper dietary behavior, a poorer diet quality than their counterparts who had control over internet use. Recommendations: Raising adolescents’ awareness through mass media and health education program in schools and family-centered care about adverse effects of internet addiction on their development especially dietary behavior.

PROTOCOL: Effects of preventive nutrition interventions among adolescents on health and nutritional status in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

PROTOCOL: Effects of preventive nutrition interventions among adolescents on health and nutritional status in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review.

Design of a school-based intervention to promote healthy lifestyles in adolescents (12-14 years old)

Introduction : The benefits of having a healthy lifestyle are widely known, a healthy diet and being physically active are key elements in improving and maintaining optimal health. However, studies on dietary habits in adolescents suggest that the adherence to the Mediterranean diet is being reduced, decreasing the consumption of vegetables and fruits. Also, according to recent studies the Spanish teenager population practices less physical exercise comparing with the Europe teenager population. All this is causing an increase in sedentary lifestyles, a decrease in energy expenditure and an increase in obesity. Short description : An intervention program to promote healthy lifestyle has been designed and implemented. The program is aimed at students (12-14 years old) of 2 schools in Irun (Basque Country). The intervention will consist of the Bidasoatik Mundura, Sasoi Erronka program that encourages students to join the challenge of going around the world through an imaginary tour and performing activities of different countries. The study is a quasi-experimental pre-post study with a control group (2 different schools) and an intervention group. The program addresses three aspects: physical activity by participating in activities designed and related to different countries; healthy eating with educational training by experts and creativity by developing a video summary of what happened in the quarter. Also, students will receive two educational workshops given by two nutritionists whose content will focus on the importance of healthy lifestyles. For the development of the program the website www.bidasoatikmundura.eus has been launched. It is an interactive, intuitive, attractive and updated website that will serve as a reference for the different activities that are being performance in schools tool. In the webpage, the students will learn about the activity they need to develop, meet weekly scores and standings, can find information about healthy habits and can answer to questionnaires on diet and they can view videos developed by each school. Results : The expected result is an increase in the level of physical activity and increased adherence to healthy eating habits of 362 adolescents aged 12-14 years old. For this, the level of physical activity, sedentary time and dietary habits at the beginning and end of the intervention will be evaluated through validated questionnaires (ASAQ, PAQ-A, KIDMED) and compared with data collected in the control group. Highlights : The key elements for the success implementation of the program identified to date are: - Design of a program of health promotion and promotion of lifestyles schools. The design has to be a collaborative work with the intervention of different stakeholders: teachers, health professional, public health professionals, researchers… - Involvement of teachers for the implementation and deployment of the program is essential for the success of the program. - The importance of use of new technologies (webpage) for the management and monitoring the program and the interaction among adolescents. Conclusion : The school is an ideal place to promote healthy lifestyles, and all adolescents (12-14 years old) are in compulsory education and it is the age in which the personality develops ,making it easier to acquire habits of place life.

Dietary habits of adolescents and associated cardiovascular risk factors: a systematic review

The scope of this study was to conduct a systematic review to establish the major dietary habits of adolescents and the corresponding association with cardiovascular risk factors. Research was performed in the LILACS, SciELO, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases in addition to a manual search for original articles published between 2005 and 2014. Of the 371 entries identified; 26 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were covered in the review. The main dietary habits observed were Western (61%) Healthy (42%) and Traditional (38%). Western dietary habits were positively associated with total cholesterol and SM, while Healthy dietary habits were inversely associated with fasting glycaemia, DBP and SM and positively with HDL-C, all of the aforementioned associations with very low (D) quality of evidence in accordance with the GRADE rating. The Traditional dietary habits were considered a risk factor for hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypertriglyceridemia and protection for physical activity and eutrophic BMI. Although these results need to be analyzed with caution, due to the low quality of evidence, there is a clear need for actions aimed at promoting healthy dietary habits in adolescents in order to contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular risk factors.