Storage Of Dietary Fatty Acids Research Articles

1866-P: Adipocyte Hypertrophy Is Associated with Increased Dietary Fatty Acid Storage in Adipose Tissue and Reduced Postprandial Hepatic Fatty Acid Uptake and Esterification in Humans

Introduction: Excessive exposure of lean tissues to nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) leads to insulin resistance (IR). Adipocyte hypertrophy is associated with IR and increase in adipose tissue intracellular triglyceride lipolysis and in NEFA levels, that may contribute to hepatic steatosis and IR. The effect of adipocyte hypertrophy on postprandial hepatic NEFA flux and metabolism and dietary fatty acids (DFA) storage in adipose tissues has not been studied, however. Methods: In 28 healthy adult subjects, fat cell size (FCS) was determined via histomorphologic analysis of abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue. Adipose tissue DFA storage was measured using oral administration of 18FTHA with positron emission tomography (PET). Postprandial hepatic NEFA uptake, oxidation, and esterification were determined using intravenous 11C-palmitate with dynamic PET acquisition. Results: As expected, FCS was correlated positively with fasting glycemia (ρ=0.44, P-value=0.029), homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (ρ=0.43, P-value=0.049), and hepatic fat content from CT radiodensity (ρ=0.32, P-value=0.10). FCS was correlated positively with DFA storage in intra-abdominal adipose tissues (ρ=0.48, P-value=0.022) and negatively with postprandial hepatic NEFA uptake (ρ=-0.42, P-value=0.027) and esterification (ρ=-0.58, P-value=0.0080). Conclusion: Adipocyte hypertrophy is associated with increased DFA storage in intra-abdominal adipose tissues and reduced postprandial hepatic NEFA uptake and esterification, despite being associated with greater hepatic fat content, fasting glycemia and HOMA-IR. Adipocyte hypertrophy is thus associated with adipose tissue metabolic adaptation that limits the exposure of the liver to fatty acids in the postprandial period. Disclosure R. Ye: None. S. Phoenix: None. C. Noll: None. E. Montastier: None. F. Frisch: None. L. Bouffard: None. M. Amrani: None. E.E. Turcotte: None. A.C. Carpentier: Advisory Panel; Self; HLS Therapeutics, Inc. Funding Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP53094); Centre de recherche du CHUS; Centre d’imagerie moléculaire de Sherbrooke; Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé de l’Université de Sherbrooke

314-OR: The Effect of Inhibition of Fatty Acid Spillover from Adipose Tissues on Organ-Specific Distribution of Dietary Fatty Acids

Excessive exposure of lean tissues to fatty acids leads to insulin resistance. Proper dietary fatty acids (DFA) storage in white adipose tissue (WAT) is thought to prevent lean tissue lipotoxicity. We showed that WAT storage of DFA was impaired in IGT (impaired glucose tolerance) and was associated with greater cardiac DFA uptake and subclinical left-ventricular dysfunction. Whether WAT DFA storage directly impacts cardiac DFA uptake in IGT subjects is not known. We aimed at investigating how inhibition of intracellular lipolysis affected WAT DFA storage, spillover, and cardiac DFA uptake. We recruited 23 participants: 12 IGT, 5 women/7 men, aged (mean ± sem) 64±2.5, BMI= 34.9±3.1 kg/m2 and 11 NGT, 7 women/4 men, aged 62±2, BMI= 30.4±1.6 kg/m2. Cardiac DFA uptake and whole-body organ-specific DFA partitioning were assessed using PET/CT method with oral administration of 18FTHA. NEFA appearance and WAT DFA spillover were measured using stable isotope tracer methods. Nicotinic acid (NA) was used to inhibit WAT DFA spillover. In both groups, NA decreased AUC DFA spillover rate (-31%±19, p=0.014) and AUC NEFA appearance rate (-28%±10, p=0.0002). In NGT group, NA decreased muscle and liver DFA distribution by 30%±8 (p=0.007) and 25%±8 (p=0.024), respectively, and increased WAT DFA distribution by 48%±8 (p=0.001). The same trend was observed in IGT group, but with blunted differences in WAT DFA storage vs. NGT (p=0.73). NA-induced increase in visceral WAT DFA distribution was correlated negatively with change in AUC. Nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) appearance rate (ρ=-0.58, p=0.004). In both groups, NA did not significantly affect cardiac DFA distribution. In both groups, we estimated that DFA spillover may account for 31%±23 of DFA reaching lean organs over a 6-hour period after meals. Inhibition of WAT DFA spillover enhances DFA WAT storage and reduces liver and skeletal muscle, but not cardiac DFA partitioning. Disclosure E. Montastier: None. C. Noll: None. R. Ye: None. M. Amrani: None. F. Frisch: None. M. Fortin: None. L. Bouffard: None. O. Sarrhini: None. S. Phoenix: None. B. Guerin: None. E.E. Turcotte: None. A.C. Carpentier: Advisory Panel; Self; HLS Therapeutics, Inc.

Bariatric Surgery Rapidly Decreases Cardiac Dietary Fatty Acid Partitioning and Hepatic Insulin Resistance Through Increased Intra-abdominal Adipose Tissue Storage and Reduced Spillover in Type 2 Diabetes.

Reduced storage of dietary fatty acids (DFAs) in abdominal adipose tissues with enhanced cardiac partitioning has been shown in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes. We measured DFA metabolism and organ partitioning using positron emission tomography with oral and intravenous long-chain fatty acid and glucose tracers during a standard liquid meal in 12 obese subjects with T2D before and 8-12 days after bariatric surgery (sleeve gastrectomy or sleeve gastrectomy and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch). Bariatric surgery reduced cardiac DFA uptake from a median (standard uptake value [SUV]) 1.75 (interquartile range 1.39-2.57) before to 1.09 (1.04-1.53) after surgery (P = 0.01) and systemic DFA spillover from 56.7 mmol before to 24.7 mmol over 6 h after meal intake after surgery (P = 0.01), with a significant increase in intra-abdominal adipose tissue DFA uptake from 0.15 (0.04-0.31] before to 0.49 (0.20-0.59) SUV after surgery (P = 0.008). Hepatic insulin resistance was significantly reduced in close association with increased DFA storage in intra-abdominal adipose tissues (r = -0.79, P = 0.05) and reduced DFA spillover (r = 0.76, P = 0.01). We conclude that bariatric surgery in subjects with T2D rapidly reduces cardiac DFA partitioning and hepatic insulin resistance at least in part through increased intra-abdominal DFA storage and reduced spillover.

Seven-day overfeeding enhances adipose tissue dietary fatty acid storage and decreases myocardial and skeletal muscle dietary fatty acid partitioning in healthy subjects.

Increased myocardial partitioning of dietary fatty acids (DFA) and decreased left ventricular (LV) function is associated with insulin resistance in prediabetes. We hypothesized that enhanced myocardial DFA partitioning and reduced LV function might be induced concomitantly with reduced insulin sensitivity upon a 7-day hypercaloric (+50% in caloric intake), high-saturated fat (~11%energy), and simple carbohydrates (~54%energy) diet (HIGHCAL) versus an isocaloric diet (ISOCAL) with a moderate amount of saturated fat (~8%energy) and carbohydrates (~50%energy). Thirteen healthy subjects (7 men/6 women) underwent HIGHCAL versus ISOCAL in a randomized crossover design, with organ-specific DFA partitioning and LV function measured using the oral 14(R,S)-[18F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid and [11C]acetate positron emission tomography methods at the end of both interventions. HIGHCAL induced a decrease in insulin sensitivity indexes with no significant change in body composition. HIGHCAL led to increased subcutaneous abdominal (+4.2 ± 1.6%, P < 0.04) and thigh (+2.4 ± 1.2%, P < 0.08) adipose tissue storage and reduced cardiac (-0.31 ± 0.11 mean standard uptake value [(SUV), P < 0.03] and skeletal muscle (-0.17 ± 0.08 SUV, P < 0.05) DFA partitioning without change in LV function. We conclude that early increase in adipose tissue DFA storage protects the heart and skeletal muscles from potential deleterious effects of DFA.

Maternal adipose tissue becomes a source of fatty acids for the fetus in fasted pregnant rats given diets with different fatty acid compositions.

The utilization of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) by the fetus may exceed its capacity to synthesize them from essential fatty acids, so they have to come from the mother. Since adipose tissue lipolytic activity is greatly accelerated under fasting conditions during late pregnancy, the aim was to determine how 24h fasting in late pregnant rats given diets with different fatty acid compositions affects maternal and fetal tissue fatty acid profiles. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were given isoenergetic diets containing 10% palm-, sunflower-, olive- or fish-oil. Half the rats were fasted from day 19 of pregnancy and all were studied on day 20. Triacylglycerols (TAG), glycerol and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were analyzed by enzymatic methods and fatty acid profiles were analyzed by gas chromatography. Fasting caused increments in maternal plasma NEFA, glycerol and TAG, indicating increased adipose tissue lipolytic activity. Maternal adipose fatty acid profiles paralleled the respective diets and, with the exception of animals on the olive oil diet, maternal fasting increased the plasma concentration of most fatty acids. This maintains the availability of LCPUFA to the fetus during brain development. The results show the major role played by maternal adipose tissue in the storage of dietary fatty acids during pregnancy, thus ensuring adequate availability of LCPUFA to the fetus during late pregnancy, even when food supply is restricted.

Postprandial triglycerides and adipose tissue storage of dietary fatty acids: Impact of menopause and estradiol

ObjectivePostprandial lipemia worsens after menopause, but the mechanism remains unknown. We hypothesized menopause-related postprandial lipemia would be: 1) associated with reduced storage of dietary fatty acids (FA) as triglyceride (TG) in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT); and 2) improved by short-term estradiol (E2).Design and MethodsWe studied 23 pre- (mean±SD; 42±4yr) and 22 postmenopausal (55±4yr) women with similar total adiposity. A subset of postmenopausal women (n=12) were studied following 2 weeks of E2 (0.15mg) and matching placebo in a random, cross-over design.A liquid meal containing 14C-oleic acid traced appearance of dietary FA in: serum (postprandial TG), breath (oxidation), and abdominal and femoral SAT (TG storage).ResultsCompared to premenopausal, healthy lean postmenopausal women had increased postprandial glucose and insulin and trend for higher TG, but similar dietary FA oxidation and storage. Adipocytes were larger in post- compared to premenopausal women, particularly in femoral SAT. Short-term E2 reduced postprandial TG and insulin, but had no effect on oxidation or storage of dietary FA. E2 increased the proportion of small adipocytes in femoral (but not abdominal) SAT.ConclusionsShort-term E2 attenuated menopause-related increases in postprandial TG and increased femoral adipocyte hyperplasia, but not through increased net storage of dietary FA.

Storage of Dietary Fatty Acids in Type 2 Diabetes

Storage of Dietary Fatty Acids in Type 2 Diabetes