Dietary Coenzyme Research Articles

Associations between Long-Term Dietary Coenzyme Q10 Intake and New-Onset Hypertension in Adults: Insights from a Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study.

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation appears to be associated with a lower blood pressure. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether food-sourced CoQ10 will affect new-onset hypertension in general adults. This study investigated the relationship between dietary CoQ10 intake and new-onset hypertension among the general population. Participants without hypertension at baseline from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) prospective cohort study were included (n = 11,428). Dietary CoQ10 intake was collected by validated dietary recalls and the food weighing method. Linear and non-linear relationships between dietary CoQ10 intake and new-onset hypertension were analyzed using multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic splines. During follow-up (median: 6 years), 4006 new-onset hypertension cases were documented. Compared with non-consumers, the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) from quintile 2 to 4 total dietary CoQ10 were 0.83 (0.76, 0.91), 0.86 (0.78, 0.94) and 1.01 (0.92, 1.11); total plant-derived CoQ10 were 0.80 (0.73, 0.88), 1.00 (0.91, 1.09) and 1.10 (1.00, 1.20); and animal-derived CoQ10 were 0.65 (0.59, 0.71), 0.58 (0.53, 0.64) and 0.68 (0.62, 0.75). The lowest risk was found at moderate intake, with a non-linear relationship (P nonlinearity < 0.05). Furthermore, the overall inverse association was stronger among individuals without alcohol consumption or eating a low-fat diet. Moderate long-term dietary CoQ10 intake might be protective against new-onset hypertension. However, it follows a non-linear relationship and excessive intake may increase the risk of new-onset hypertension in the Chinese population.

Dietary co-enzyme Q10 boosted the growth performance, antioxidative capacity, immune responses, and intestinal and hepatic histomorphology of grey mullet (Liza ramada)

The aim of this experiment was to assess the potential benefits of supplementing coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in the diet of Liza ramada, with a focus on growth promotion, enhanced feed utilization, improved digestive enzyme activity, bolstered antioxidant defenses, and overall health. Five diets were prepared, maintaining consistent levels of lipids (7%) and protein (32%). These diets featured equivalent raw materials but varied in their CoQ10 content (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg CoQ10/kg diet). Initial fish weight averaged 90.89±0.41 g, and each diet was administered to fish in triplicate tanks over a 60-day feeding period. Surprisingly, the diet with 80 mg/kg of CoQ10 showed the most substantial increases in weight gain (131.23±1.82 g), specific growth rate (1.40±0.01%/day), and a more favorable feed conversion ratio (1.73±0.01), outperforming the 60, 40, and 20 mg/kg CoQ10 diets. Additionally, 40 and 60 mg/kg CoQ10 diets demonstrated substantial improvements in digestive enzyme activity [protease (22.30±0.80 and 21.34±0.77, U/ mg), amylase (19.90±0.65 and 20.15±0.43, U/ mg), and lipase (27.04±0.80 and 27.41±0.87, U/ mg)], antioxidant markers [superoxide dismutase (14.01±0.27 and 14.44±0.62, U/ mg), catalase (1.19±0.04 and 1.20±0.04, U/ mg), and glutathione peroxidase (3.27±0.14 and 3.47±0.16, U/ mg)], and immune responses [lysozyme (302.12±3.18 and 294.25±7.64, U/ ml), bactericidal activity (5.00±0.04 and 6.03±0.14, U/ ml), respiratory burst using nitroblue tetrazolium (0.55±0.01 and 0.55±0.01, U/ ml), and alternative complement pathway activities (58.29±1.01 and 58.74±0.80, U/ ml)] in L. ramada (p < 0.05). Histological evaluations of the liver and intestine indicated structural enhancements, particularly in the 60 and 80 mg/kg CoQ10 groups, suggesting potential benefits for organ health. CoQ10 supplementation did not affect the survival rate and biochemical parameters [albumin, glucose, total protein, globulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine] (p > 0.05). These findings underscore the potential of CoQ10 as a valuable dietary additive to enhance the growth and overall health of L. ramada, with recommended inclusion levels of CoQ10 falling between 60 and 80 mg/kg.

The influence of dietary Coenzyme Q10 on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila of juvenile European eel (Anguilla anguilla).

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on the growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, intestinal histology, immune-antioxidant gene expression and disease resistance of juvenile European eel (Anguilla anguilla). Fish were fed a diet supplemented with CoQ10 at concentrations of 0, 40, 80 and 120 mg/kg for 56 days. The results indicated that dietary CoQ10 supplementation did not significantly affect final body weight (FBW), survival rate (SR), weight gain (WG), feed rate (FR), viscerosomatic index (VSI) or hepatosomatic index (HSI) among all experimental groups. However, the highest FBW, WG and SR were found in the 120 mg/kg CoQ10 group. Dietary 120 mg/kg CoQ10 markedly improved feed efficiency (FE) and the protein efficiency ratio (PER). The crude lipids in the body and triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) in serum were obviously lower in the 120 mg/kg CoQ10 group than in the control group. For digestive enzymes, protease activity in the intestine was markedly boosted in the 120 mg/kg CoQ10 group. The serum activities of SOD, CAT and GST in the 120 mg/kg CoQ10 group were significantly higher than those in the control group. Dietary 120 mg/kg CoQ10 efficiently enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in the liver, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly decreased. No significant histological changes in the liver were identified in any group. Dietary supplementation with 120 mg/kg CoQ10 improved antioxidant capacity and immunity by upregulating the expression of cyp1a, sod, gst, lysC, igma1, igmb1 and irf3 in the liver. Furthermore, the cumulative survival rate of juvenile European eel against challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila was significantly elevated in the 80 and 120 mg/kg CoQ10 supplemented groups. Conclusively, our study suggested that supplementing the diet of juvenile European eel with CoQ10 at a concentration of 120 mg/kg could promote their feed utilization, fat reduction, antioxidant capacity, digestibility, immune-antioxidant gene expression and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila without negative effects on fish health status.

Effects of dietary coenzyme Q10 supplementation during gestation on the embryonic survival and reproductive performance of high-parity sows

BackgroundFertility declines in high-parity sows. This study investigated whether parity-dependent declines in embryonic survival and reproductive performance could be restored by dietary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation.MethodsTwo experiments were performed. In Exp. 1, 30 young sows that had completed their 2nd parity and 30 high-parity sows that had completed their 10th parity, were fed either a control diet (CON) or a CON diet supplemented with 1 g/kg CoQ10 (+ CoQ10) from mating until slaughter at day 28 of gestation. In Exp. 2, a total of 314 post-weaning sows with two to nine parities were fed the CON or + CoQ10 diets from mating throughout gestation.ResultsIn Exp. 1, both young and high-parity sows had a similar number of corpora lutea, but high-parity sows had lower plasma CoQ10 concentrations, down-regulated genes involved with de novo CoQ10 synthesis in the endometrium tissues, and greater levels of oxidative stress markers in plasma and endometrium tissues. High-parity sows had fewer total embryos and alive embryos, lower embryonic survival, and greater embryo mortality than young sows. Dietary CoQ10 supplementation increased the number of live embryos and the embryonic survival rate to levels similar to those of young sows, as well as lowering the levels of oxidative stress markers. In Exp. 2, sows showed a parity-dependent decline in plasma CoQ10 levels, and sows with more than four parities showed a progressive decline in the number of total births, live births, and piglets born effective. Dietary supplementation with CoQ10 increased the number of total births, live births, and born effective, and decreased the intra-litter covariation coefficients and the percentage of sows requiring farrowing assistance during parturition.ConclusionsDietary CoQ10 supplementation can improve the embryonic survival and reproductive performance of gestating sows with high parity, probably by improving the development of uterine function.

Uptake of Dietary Coenzyme Q Supplement is Limited in Rats

Coenzyme Q is an important mitochondrial redox component and the only endogenously produced lipid-soluble antioxidant. Its tissue concentration decreases with aging and in a number of diseases; dietary supplementation of this lipid would fulfill important functions by counteracting coenzyme Q depletion. To investigate possible uptake, rats were administered 12 µmol coenzyme Q10/100 g body wt once daily by gastric intubation. The appearance of coenzyme Q10 in various tissues and blood after 6 h, 4 d or 8 d was studied. The control group of rats received rapeseed-soybean oil (the vehicle in the experimental group). Lipids were extracted with petroleum ethermethanol, and the reduced and oxidized forms of coenzyme Q9 and Q10 were separated and quantified by reversed-phase HPLC. In the plasma, the total coenzyme Q concentration was doubled after 4 d of treatment. Coenzyme Q10 was also recovered in liver homogenates, where, as in the plasma, it was largely in the reduced form. Uptake into the spleen could be to a large extent accounted for by the blood content of this organ. No dietary coenzyme Q10 was recovered in the heart or kidney. The uptake in the whole body was 2–3% of the total dose. Coenzyme Q10 found in the liver was located mainly in the lysosomes. Dietary coenzyme Q10 did not influence the endogenous biosynthesis of coenzyme Q9. This is in contrast to dietary cholesterol, which down-regulates cholesterol biosynthesis. The dietary coenzyme Q10 level in the plasma decreased to -50% after 4 d. These results suggest that dietary coenzyme Q10 may play a role primarily in the blood and that no appreciable uptake occurs into tissues.

Blood Concentration of Coenzyme Q10 Increases in Rats When Esterified Forms Are Administered

Coenzyme Q levels decrease during aging in most tissues and in the target organs of a number of diseases. The uptake of this lipid into the blood and other tissues was investigated in 6-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats after 3 wk of dietary supplementation. In addition to the natural form of coenzyme Q10, acetylated and succinylated forms were also administered. Coenzyme Q10 was taken up into the blood, but uptake was significantly greater in rats given the succinylated (∼40%), and particularly, the acetylated forms (∼70%). All three forms increased significantly the total coenzyme Q concentration in both the liver (∼100%) and spleen (∼130%). Coenzyme Q10 and its esterified forms were not taken up into kidney, heart, muscle or brain. Intraportal and intraperitoneal administration of succinylated coenzyme Q10 gave results similar to those obtained in the dietary experiments. Uptake of the dietary coenzyme Q10 into the liver and spleen did not down-regulate the endogenous synthesis, i.e., the amounts of isolated coenzyme Q9 did not change in these tissues. Thus, esterification of coenzyme Q increases the uptake of dietary lipid into the blood; however, the derivatization does not contribute to the elevation of coenzyme Q levels in various organs.

Evaluation of intervention effects of dietary coenzyme Q10 supplementation on oxidized fish oil-induced stress response in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides

The aim of this experiment was to investigate whether dietary coenzyme Q10 could alleviate stress response of Micropterus salmoides caused by oxidized fish oil. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain 100% fresh fish oil (FFO), 50% fresh fish oil + 50% oxidized fish oil (BFO), 100% oxidized fish oil (OFO) and 100% oxidized fish oil + 0.1% coenzyme Q10 (QFO) and were fed to Micropterus salmoides (95 ± 0.60 g) for 70 days. Higher weight gain rate was recorded in fish fed diet supplemented with coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). FFO and BFO significantly increased contents of fat and energy in whole-body, while protein and energy retention significantly decreased in fish fed OFO. Apparent digestibility of energy and fat showed a significant decrease trend with increased the proportion of dietary oxidized fish oil. Fish fed OFO significantly increased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, while CoQ10 supplementation significantly reduced activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in plasma. Contents of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and highly unsaturated fatty acids, especially EPA and DHA in liver and muscle significantly decreased in fish fed OFO. Transcriptome analysis indicated that a total of 1238, 1189 and 1773 differentially expressed genes (DEGs, |log2(fold change) | >= 1 and q-value<=0.001) were found in the three comparison groups (FFO vs. OFO, FFO vs. QFO, OFO vs. QFO), respectively. After KEGG enrichment, the main changed pathways in the two comparison groups (FFO vs. OFO, OFO vs. QFO) related to the immune system. Dietary OFO up-regulated the expression of immune-related genes and inflammatory factors, while dietary CoQ10 supplementation reduced these effects.

L-shaped association between dietary coenzyme Q10 intake and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in Chinese adults: a national cross-sectional study.

Background: Chronic inflammation contributes to the occurrence and progression of many diseases. Most previous clinical studies have explored the effect of high-dose CoQ10 supplements on inflammation. Food is another important source of CoQ10, but the relationship between the intake of CoQ10 from dietary sources and inflammation was unknown. We aimed to explore the dose-response association between the intake of dietary-derived CoQ10 and inflammation-related biomarkers. Methods: Seven thousand nine hundred and fifty-three Chinese adults from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were the subjects of this cross-sectional investigation. Dietary CoQ10 intake was assessed using dietary information from three days. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and white blood cell count (WBC) were assessed using fasting venous blood. Results: In an adjusted linear regression model, CoQ10 consumption from dietary sources was inversely associated with hsCRP, with effect sizes in each group: Q2 (β = -0.85 mg L-1, 95% CI: -1.43 to -0.28 mg L-1, P = 0.004), Q3 (β = -0.70 mg L-1, 95% CI: -1.28 to -0.12 mg L-1, P = 0.017), and Q4 (β = -0.79 mg L-1, 95% CI: -1.39 to -0.19 mg L-1, P = 0.010). Moreover, restricted cubic splines (RCS) revealed a non-linear L-shaped association between dietary-derived CoQ10 consumption and hsCRP (Pnonlinear < 0.001). According to subgroup analyses, these relationships were more significant in males, or >45 years old (Ptrend < 0.05). Nevertheless, no significant relationship was found between dietary-derived CoQ10 intake and WBC. Conclusions: These findings suggested a significant negative association between dietary-derived CoQ10 and hsCRP levels.

Protective role of Decylubiquinone against secondary melanoma at lung in B16F10 induced mice by reducing E-cadherin expression and ameliorating ROCKII-Limk1/2-Cofiliin mediated metastasis

Melanoma is one of the most consequential skin cancer with a rising death incidences. Silent but belligerent nature of metastatic sprouting is the leading cause of melanoma related mortality. Invasion of metastatic cells and re-expression of E-Cadherin play the crucial role in the establishment of secondary tumor at distal sites. Thus, manipulation of tumor cell invasion in parallel to regulation of E-Cadherin expression can be considered as potential anti-metastatic strategy. Evidences suggested key role of reactive oxygen species associated ROCK activities in the modulation of metastatic invasion via F-actin stabilization. Here, we first-time report Decylubiquinone, a dietary Coenzyme Q10 analog, as an effective attenuator of pulmonary metastatic melanoma in C57BL/6 mice. Current study depicted detailed molecular interplay associated with Decylubiquinone mediated phosphorylation of ROCKII at Tyr722 along with reduced phosphorylation of ROCKII Ser1366 leading to suppression of Limk1/2-Cofilin-F-actin stabilization axis that finally restricted B16F10 melanoma cell invasion at metastatic site. Analysis further deciphered the role of HNF4α as its nuclear translocation modulated E-Cadherin expression, the effect of reactive oxygen species dependent ROCKII activity in secondarily colonized B16F10 melanoma cells at lungs. Thus unbosoming of related signal orchestra represented Decylubiquinone as a potential remedial agent against secondary lung melanoma.

산란계에서 Coenzyme Q10 급여가 혈액 및 간 조직의 항산화 작용에 미치는 영향

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) sources on the antioxidant defense system in the blood and liver of laying hens. Thirty-six 40-wk old Lohmann Brown hens were randomly assigned to three groups based on body weight, with four cages with three layers each. Laying hens were divided into one of the following groups: control (CON), powdered CoQ10 (PCoQ, 100 mg/kg diet), and emulsified CoQ10 (ECoQ, 100 mg/kg diet). All hens were fed a control diet or a control diet supplemented with powdered or emulsified CoQ10 ad libitum for five weeks. There were no differences in body weight, weight gain, and organ weights among the treatment groups, including the liver and spleen. The blood total antioxidant power (TAP) in the ECoQ group increased (<i>P&lt;0.05</i>) by approximately 2-fold compared to that in the CON group. However, there was no significant difference in blood TAP levels between the PCoQ and ECoQ groups, although a decreasing trend <i>(P&lt;0.13)</i> was observed for levels of TAP in the ECoQ group. The mRNA expression and specific activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in the liver were not affected by dietary CoQ10 or type of CoQ10. However, hepatic lipid peroxidation in the ECoQ group was lower (<i>P&lt;0.05</i>) than in the CON group. In conclusion, emulsified CoQ10 increased blood TAP and decreased hepatic lipid peroxidation without affecting antioxidant enzymes, suggesting that emulsified CoQ10 might be more applicable as an active antioxidant supplement than powdered type in laying hens.

The effect of dietary coenzyme Q10 supplementation on egg quality and liver histopathology of layer quails under cadmium challenge.

The demand for quail eggs has been increased over the last decade due to its beneficial nutritional quality characteristics; however, different nutritional and environmental stressors adversely impact the quality of the produced eggs. This study was conducted to investigate whether dietary supplementation of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) could mitigate the negative impact of cadmium (Cd) administration on egg quality and liver histopathology. A total of 162 six-week-old laying Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) were randomly allotted into three experimental groups. Treatments were as follows: (1) negative control (NC): feeding basal diet; (2) positive control (PC): feeding basal diet and Cdadministration; and (3) CdQ10: feeding basal diet supplemented with CoQ10 (900 mg/kg diet) and Cd administration. Cadmium (10 mg/kg BW) was subcutaneously administrated at 10 and 11 weeks of age (woa). Feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg production, egg mass, mortality rate, Cd residue in egg, liver histopathology, and some internal and external egg quality indices were evaluated. Administration of Cd increased FCR in the PC group, but supplementation of CoQ10 partially ameliorated the impact of Cd on FCR (p < 0.05). Cadmium administration decreased both egg production and egg mass; however, CoQ10 supplementation partially mitigated these adverse effects of Cd injection in the CdQ10 compared to the PC group (p < 0.05). Cadmium decreased eggshell thickness and Haugh unit in PC quail compared to both NC and CdQ10 quail (p < 0.05). Moreover, egg yolk colour intensity was enhanced by CoQ10, where a* and b* indices were higher in CdQ10 compared to PC (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the current results demonstrate the beneficial effects of dietary CoQ10 supplementation on liver histopathology and some egg quality indices of Cd-challenged quail.

Virtue of Coenzyme Q10 as an Antioxidant Drug in Periodontal Disease : A Review

Periodontal disease is a disease of inflammatory origin. In the oxidative phosphorylation process for ATP generation, coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a vital role. Coenzyme Q10 is a vital antioxidant. In cellular bioenergetics, the coenzyme Q10 plays a major role. Because of its large molecular weight and its medicinal properties, the absorption of dietary coenzyme Q10 has numerous therapeutic application in human diseases. Evidence of beneficial effect in cardiovascular and neuro degenerative disease were noted and it was found that Q10 has superior safety record. This article gives the relation of CoQ10 to the periodontal disease.

Coenzyme Q10 in quail nutrition: effects on growth performance, meat quality, and myostatin gene expression

• Diets without supplemental vitamin E did not impair growth performance of quail. • Supplementation of coenzyme Q10 to basal diet improved growth of broiler quail. • Supplementation of the basal diet with coenzyme Q10 improved meat quality traits. • Expression of myostatin mRNA decreased in quail received 210 mg coenzyme Q10/kg feed. The present experiment was conducted to investigate effects of dietary coenzyme Q10 (CQ10) supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, immune responses, and myostatin gene expression in broiler quail. A total of 605 one d-old Japanese broiler quail ( Coturnix japonica ) were randomly allotted to 11 dietary treatments with 5 replicates pens of 11 chicks each in a completely randomized design during a 5-wk period. Experimental treatments consisted of a control (CTL) diet: basal corn-soybean meal diet supplemented with vitamin E in the vitamin premix as recommended by breeder manual; CTL diet without vitamin E supplementation in the vitamin premix (CTL–), and CTL diet supplemented with 100 IU vitamin E in the vitamin premix (CTL+). The other dietary treatments included CTL diet supplemented with inclusion rates of 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, and 210 mg CQ10/kg. Although CTL– or CTL+ diets did not affect growth performance of broiler quail, supplementation of 105 or 210 mg CQ10/kg to CTL diet improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio so that quail possessed better growth performance ( P < 0.05). The breast muscle of quail fed diets supplemented with 30 to 210 mg CQ10/kg contained greater water holding capacity ( P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation of 60 to 210 mg CQ10/kg increased meat pH compared to quail in the other experimental treatments except for those fed with dietary supplemental 45 mg CQ10/kg ( P < 0.05). Concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance and cooking loss of meat samples were lower in quail received diets supplemented with 45 to 210 mg CQ10/kg diet ( P < 0.05). Quail received dietary supplemental 105 to 210 mg CQ10/kg had lighter meat than those fed the CTL, CTL+, and CTL– diets ( P < 0.05). Red blood cell and white blood cell counts decreased after feeding quail with diets without supplementation of vitamin E in the premix ( P < 0.05) but improved through feeding quail with CTL, CTL+, and 15 to 90 mg supplemental CQ10/kg of diet ( P < 0.05). Antibody titer against sheep red blood cells increased in quail fed diets supplemented with 75 mg CQ10/kg ( P < 0.05). Myostatin gene expression was greater in quail received 100 IU vitamin E in their feed than quail in CTL– or COQ210 treatments ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of CQ10 could increase growth performance of quail beyond what observed for vitamin E and also could replace vitamin E in terms of immune responses.

Effect of Dietary Coenzyme Q10 Plus NADH Supplementation on Fatigue Perception and Health-Related Quality of Life in Individuals with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, multisystem, and profoundly debilitating neuroimmune disease, probably of post-viral multifactorial etiology. Unfortunately, no accurate diagnostic or laboratory tests have been established, nor are any universally effective approved drugs currently available for its treatment. This study aimed to examine whether oral coenzyme Q10 and NADH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) co-supplementation could improve perceived fatigue, unrefreshing sleep, and health-related quality of life in ME/CFS patients. A 12-week prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 207 patients with ME/CFS, who were randomly allocated to one of two groups to receive either 200 mg of CoQ10 and 20 mg of NADH (n = 104) or matching placebo (n = 103) once daily. Endpoints were simultaneously evaluated at baseline, and then reassessed at 4- and 8-week treatment visits and four weeks after treatment cessation, using validated patient-reported outcome measures. A significant reduction in cognitive fatigue perception and overall FIS-40 score (p < 0.001 and p = 0.022, respectively) and an improvement in HRQoL (health-related quality of life (SF-36)) (p < 0.05) from baseline were observed within the experimental group over time. Statistically significant differences were also shown for sleep duration at 4 weeks and habitual sleep efficiency at 8 weeks in follow-up visits from baseline within the experimental group (p = 0.018 and p = 0.038, respectively). Overall, these findings support the use of CoQ10 plus NADH supplementation as a potentially safe therapeutic option for reducing perceived cognitive fatigue and improving the health-related quality of life in ME/CFS patients. Future interventions are needed to corroborate these clinical benefits and also explore the underlying pathomechanisms of CoQ10 and NADH administration in ME/CFS.

The influence of dietary coenzyme Q10 and vitamin C on the growth rate, immunity, oxidative-related genes, and the resistance against Streptococcus agalactiae of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Dietary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and vitamin C (Vc) are natural immunostimulants and antioxidants involved in improving the performances and health conditions of aquatic animals. In this context, six diets were formulated and supplemented with CoQ10 and Vc at 0/0 (D1), 0/400 (D2), 0/600 (D3), 20/0 (D4), 20/400 (D5) and 20/600 (D6) mg of CoQ10/Vc per kg diet and fed to Nile tilapia for 56 days. The obtained results displayed higher weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed efficiency ratio in all groups than the control group (D1). Concurrently, feed intake, amylase, lipase, and protease activities were significantly higher in D5 and D6 groups than the other groups (P < 0.05). Conversely, the whole-body crude lipid content was markedly decreased with dietary CoQ10 or/and Vc, and the highest value was in fish fed D1 (P < 0.05). Interestingly, fish fed on D5 and D6 diets exhibited the lowest glucose, cortisol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and the highest total protein among the other groups (P < 0.05). The lowest activities of serum and mucus lysozyme and bactericidal were found in fish groups fed D1, and the highest values were in groups fed D5 and D6 diets (P < 0.05). In the same line, the antioxidant capacity (superoxide dismutase and catalase) and the related genes (SOD and CAT) displayed the highest values in the group of fish fed on D5 and D6 diets, while the lowest values were in fish fed D1 (P < 0.05). Correspondingly, on the day 14th post-challenge, the relative percentage of survival rate (RPS) of tilapia injected with Streptococcus agalactiae recorded significantly higher RSP values in D2, D3, D4, D5, and D6 groups than the control (D1) group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary CoQ10 and Vc had significant interaction influence on growth performance, feed efficiency, digestive enzyme activity, biochemical blood indices, immune response, and antioxidative capacity. More specifically, the enhanced performances of Nile tilapia by CoQ10 and VC supplements increased their resistance against S. agalactiae infection.

Dietary coenzyme Q&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; may improve the growth performance and antioxidant status in quails exposed to cold stress

Dietary coenzyme Q&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; may improve the growth performance and antioxidant status in quails exposed to cold stress

The effect of dietary coenzyme Q10 on plasma metabolites and hepatic gene expression in broiler breeder hens

ABSTRACT 1. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on laying rate, body weight, plasma metabolites and some liver gene expression in broiler breeder hens. 2. A total of 128 broiler breeder hens (Arbor Acres Plus, 47 weeks of age) were randomly distributed to four dietary groups supplemented with different levels of CoQ10 (0, 300, 600 or 900 mg/kg diet) with four replicates of eight hens each. During 47–54 weeks of age, laying rate, egg mass and body weight were recorded weekly. To assay plasma biochemical indicators, blood samples were collected at 54 weeks of age. At the end of the experiment, for evaluating the abdominal fat weight, liver weight and expression of the adiponectin and proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) genes in the liver, eight hens per treatment were selected, weighed and humanely killed by decapitation. 3. Dietary supplementation of CoQ10 linearly decreased abdominal fat weight, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities by increased levels of CoQ10. The plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were quadratically decreased by increased levels of CoQ10. The best plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol and ALP activity were estimated at 562.5, 633.3 and 517.8 mg CoQ10/kg diet, respectively. Adiponectin and PPARα gene expression exhibited a linear increased by increased levels of CoQ10. 4. In conclusion, addition of CoQ10 to the diet influenced lipid metabolism and expression of the adiponectin and PPAR-α genes, which might be partially due to the improvement in mitochondrial metabolism and energy production. However, further studies are necessary to determine the effects of CoQ10 on these indicators in broiler breeder hens during ageing.

Beneficial effects of dietary coenzyme Q10 on the productive and reproductive variables of broiler breeder hens

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementary CoQ10 in the diets of aged broiler breeder hens on productive and reproductive variables. A total of 128 hens)44 weeks of age) were randomly assigned to one of 16 groups (eight hens per group). The hen-groups (with equal mean egg production and egg weight) were randomly assigned to one of four diet-groups to provide four pen/groups per treatment. There was no CoQ10 supplementation or supplemental amounts of either 300, 600 or 900 mg CoQ10/kg added to the basal diet. Egg production, weight, and mass were determined weekly. To assess fertility, hatchability, and sperm penetration (SP) rate, the hens were artificially inseminated on a weekly basis (from 47–54 weeks of age). The hens were weighed and killed at the end of the experiment for evaluation of the ovarian morphology, oviduct histology, utero-vaginal junction (UVJ) total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and Pdss2, GDF9, and BMP15 mRNA transcript abundances in the germinal disc regions. The results indicated that there was a linear response curve to increasing amounts of supplemental dietary CoQ10 on fertility, hatchability of eggs, SP rates, TAC of the UVJ, fold height and surface epithelia of the magnum and isthmus, and abundance of GDF9, BMP15 and Pdss2 mRNA transcripts in the germinal disc region. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicate diet supplementation with CoQ10 had beneficial effects on the productive and reproductive variables of aged hens.

Use of supplemental dietary coenzyme Q10 to improve testicular function and fertilization capacity in aged broiler breeder roosters

In numerous studies it has been suggested that targeting mitochondria with specific compounds could efficiently inhibit various conditions associated with oxidative stress. The treatment of aged roosters with compounds such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), may improve their reproductive performance by providing protection from oxidative stress. Therefore, this study was performed to assess the effect of supplemental dietary CoQ10 on the testicular function and fertility of aged broiler breeder roosters. A total of 36 roosters)47 weeks of age) were randomly divided into dietary treatments containing either 0, 300 or 600 mg CoQ10/kg diet. Three birds were allocated to each of four replicate groups in each dietary treatment. Between 47 and 54 weeks of age, ejaculates were obtained weekly from the three roosters in each replicate group. Samples in a replicate were pooled and analyzed as a single sample. Between 51 and 54 weeks of age, seminal plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC), alanine amino transferase (ALAT) and aspartate amino transferase (ASAT) levels were assessed. Fertility, hatchability, and sperm penetration (SP) rates were likewise evaluated. Seminal volume, sperm concentration, sperm plasma membrane functionality, sperm plasma membrane integrity, seminiferous tubule diameter and seminiferous epithelium thickness exhibited quadratic increases in response to increasing levels of dietary CoQ10. Respectively, the 429.19, 433.33, 464.50, 613.50, 392.78 and 447.99 mg/kg dietary concentrations of CoQ10 provided the best results for each of the aforementioned variables. Also, other seminal traits, as well as testosterone concentration, fertility, and SP rates, displayed linear increases in response to the increasing levels of CoQ10. Dietary supplementation of CoQ10 linearly decreased seminal plasma ALAT and ASAT and linearly increased seminal plasma TAC. In conclusion, CoQ10 supplementation in the diet (a minimum of 300 mg CoQ10/kg diet) has the potential to improve the reproductive performance of aged broiler breeder roosters.

Feed quantitative restriction and coenzyme Q10 level on performance, plasma lipoproteins and organ weights of broiler chicks

An experiment was conduct in order to investigate the effects of feed restriction level and duration and dietary coenzyme Q10 level on growth performance, organ characteristics and plasma lipoproteins. A factorial arangment based on a completely randomized design was performed using two levels of feed restriction (10 and 20% less than the standard Ross strain 308 guidelines), two levels of restriction duration (7 and 14 days) and three levels of coenzyme Q10 (0, 20 and 40 mg/kg feed). The results of the experiment showed that restriction intensity had significant effect on feed intake in first, second and sixth weeks of age (P&lt;0.05), body weight gain in second and sixth weeks of age (P&lt;0.05), and feed conversion ratio in first week of age (P&lt;0.05). Restriction duration had significant effect on feed intake in third week of age (P&lt;0.05), and feed conversion ratio in third and sixth weeks of age (P&lt;0.05). Coenzyme Q level had significant effect on feed intake in first and sixth weeks of age (P&lt;0.05), body weight gain in second, fifth and sixth weeks of age (P&lt;0.05), and feed conversion ratio in second and sixth weeks of age (P&lt;0.05). In conclusion, considering the positive effects of feed restriction and coenzyme Q10 on broiler yield, the simaltaneous use of feed restriction strategy and dietary coenzyme Q10 can be considered as a management program in order to improvement of broiler productivity.