Dietary Chromium Supplementation Research Articles

The Effects of Dietary Chromium Supplementation along with Discontinuing a High-Fat Diet on the Microbial Enzymatic Activity and the Production of SCFAs in the Faeces of Rats.

The present study assessed the changes in faecal microbial activity in obese Wistar rats fed high-fat or low-fat diets supplemented with various forms of chromium (picolinate or nanoparticles). The 18-week study was divided into two phases: an introductory period (9 weeks; obesity status induction via a high-fat diet) and an experimental period (9 weeks; maintained on a high-fat diet or switched to a low-fat diet and Cr supplementation). During the experimental period (10-18 weeks of feeding), samples of fresh faeces were collected on chosen days. The bacterial enzymatic activity and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration were assessed to characterise the dynamism of the changes in faecal microbial metabolic activity under the applied dietary treatments. The results indicated that faecal microbial metabolic activity displayed several adaptation mechanisms in response to modifications in dietary conditions, and a beneficial outcome resulted from a pro-healthy dietary habit change, that is, switching from a high-fat to a low-fat diet. Dietary supplementation with chromium nanoparticles further modulated the aforementioned microbial activity, i.e., diminished the extracellular and total enzymatic activities, while the effect of chromium picolinate addition was negligible. Both the high-fat diet and the addition of chromium nanoparticles reduced SCFA concentrations and increased the faecal pH values.

Influence of Dietary Supplementation of Inorganic and Organic Chromium on Body Conformation, Carcass Traits, and Nutrient Composition in Muscle and Internal Organs of Black Bengal Goats.

The effect of dietary inorganic and organic chromium (Cr) on body morphometry, carcass traits, and nutrient composition, including different minerals and fatty acids in meat and internal organs of Black Bengal goats, was studied. Thirty weaned Black Bengal kids of 3-5months (5.40 ± 0.34kg body weight) were assigned randomly into five groups and fed additional Cr for 150days. The experimental diets comprised a basal diet supplemented with Cr at the rate of 0 (control; without Cr supplementation), 1.0 and 1.5mg/kg of inorganic Cr (Cr(III)-chloride), and 1.0 and 1.5mg/kg of organic Cr (Cr-yeast). The body morphometry such as body length, heart girth, paunch girth, loin width, leg circumference, and the carcass traits, namely, slaughter body weight, dressing percentage, hind quarter and forequarter weight, and rib eye area of goats, were not significantly (P < 0.05) changed due to inorganic and organic Cr supplementation. However, organic Cr supplementation (1.0 and 1.5mg/kg) resulted in a reduction of breast and back fat thickness (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. The weights of internal organs including liver, lungs, spleen, kidney, testes, and heart and their weights as a percentage of slaughter weight were similar (P > 0.05) among different experimental groups. Dry matter, ether extract, and total ash concentrations of muscle and internal organs of Cr-supplemented groups were not affected (P > 0.05) by Cr supplementation. However, crude protein contents in the liver, muscle, kidney, and lungs were greater (P < 0.05) in the organic Cr groups than in the control and inorganic Cr groups. In meat (longissimus dorsi muscle), total saturated fatty acid concentration was lower (P < 0.05; 59.4% versus 55.7%) and the unsaturated fatty acid concentration was greater (P < 0.05; 40.6% versus 44.3%) including palmitoleic acid, heptadecenoic acid, elaidic acid, and arachidonic acid in the organic or inorganic Cr-supplemented groups than in the basal diet group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of organic Cr in Black Bengal goats has no influence on the carcass traits, but may improve the meat quality with greater protein content, lean, and healthier fatty acids for human consumption.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Chromium and Yeast on in vitro Dry Matter Degradability and Rumen Fermentation Pattern

Background: Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), widely used probiotics, was found to increase the utilization of fiber and improve the production in ruminants. The concept of chromium (Cr) supplementation has also received a great deal of attention since past decade, as Cr could have supra-physiological benefits for domestic livestock. The present in vitro experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary chromium and yeast supplementation on in-vitro dry matter degradability and rumen fermentation by rumen simulation technique. Methods: The yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (Y) (5 x 109 CFU /kg) and chromium (Cr) (1.5 mg/kg) supplementation to sorghum stover based complete diets (Basal diet: 10.58% CP) either alone or in combination on in vitro nutrient degradability and rumen fermentation was assessed by rumen simulation technique. Result: Chromium supplementation alone did not affect the cumulative degradability and effective dry matter degradability in vitro compared to BD. Yeast supplementation enhanced (P less than 0.01) in vitro DM degradability on 12, 24 and 48 h, effective DM degradability and lowered (P less than 0.01) ammonia nitrogen level in comparison to control. When compared to control, combination of yeast and Cr positively affected rumen fermentation pattern and in vitro nutrient degradability but no further improvement was observed compared to only yeast supplementation in diet.

Effect of dietary inorganic and organic chromium on nutrient utilization and growth performance in Black Bengal goats (Capra hircus)

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary chromium (Cr) supplementation on nutrient utilization and growth performance in Black Bengal goats. Thirty Black Bengal kids of 3–5 months (5.40 ± 0.34 kg body weight) were assigned randomly to five groups. The experimental diets consisted of a basal diet supplemented with Cr at the rate of 0 (basal diet without any supplementation), 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg (inorganic Cr), and 1.0 and 1.5 mg/kg (organic Cr). The duration of the growth experiment was 150 d, followed by a 7-d digestibility trial. Results showed that the total dry matter and crude protein intake of Cr supplemented groups were comparable with the control group (P = 1.00). However, the nutrient utilization in the 1.5 mg/kg inorganic Cr and 1.5 mg/kg organic Cr groups were better, with a higher digestibility coefficient for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, organic matter, total carbohydrate, and hemicellulose (P < 0.05) when compared with the remaining groups. The average daily gain of 1.5 mg/kg organic Cr supplemented groups were significantly higher than the rest of the groups (P = 0.039). Cr supplementation tended to improve the feed conversion ratio per dry matter intake (P = 0.09) and crude protein intake (P = 0.023) in all the treatment groups. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1.5 mg/kg organic Cr may positively influence the nutrient utilization and body weight gain of Black Bengal goats.

Effect of dietary Chromium, vitamin E and Selenium supplementation on biochemical and physiological parameters of Holstein Friesian cows under heat stress

A study was carried out for a period of 90 days during the summer season with the inclusion of chromiumpropionate and vitamin E with selenium, in the feed to investigate their effect on 24 uniparous lactating HolsteinFriesian cows in an early phase of lactation. Cows were randomly assigned to four supplemental doses of 0 (T0);500 IU/animal/day of vitamin E and 0.3 mg/kg DM of selenium (T1); 0.5 mg/kg DM of chromium propionate (T2)and 0.5 mg/kg DM of chromium propionate, 500 IU/animal/day of vitamin E and 0.3 mg/kg DM of selenium (T3).The mean THI value in the morning was 75.10±0.42 and 80.01±0.64 in the afternoon indicating that the animals wereunder mild to moderate heat stress. Increase in the DMI was found in the supplemented groups with a significantdifference between control and T3 group. Milk yield differed significantly between the control and supplementedgroups. The hematological profile did not vary significantly among the groups. Supplementation of chromium alongwith vitamin E and selenium decreased the cortisol level and glutathione peroxidase activity signigicantly in theT3 group. Chromium supplemented groups (T2 and T3) showed greater increase in mean total protein, albuminconcentration and A/G ratio. However, the mean values for thyroid profile, liver enzymes, superoxide dismutase,catalase, globulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, urea, creatinine were comparable among the four groups.Statistical analysis revealed that the rectal temperature, respiratory rate, and pulse rate in supplemented groups were significantly reduced. The findings showed that chromium supplementation plays a significant role in alleviating thermal stress and is further more beneficial when supplemented with proven antioxidants vitamin E and selenium.

The role of dietary chromium supplementation in relieving heat stress of juvenile blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala

The present study assessed the role of dietary chromium (Cr) supplementation in relieving heat stress (HS) of juvenile blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala. The supplemented Cr contents by chromium picolinate (Cr-Pic) was 0 mg/kg (control group), 0.4 mg/kg, 1.6 mg/kg and 12.0 mg/kg, respectively. The fish continued to be fed four diets at suitable temperatures (26 °C) for 2 weeks, and then the temperature was then heated up to 33 °C through thermo-regulated system. The results showed that Cr supplementation had no significant effect on the immune indices and antioxidant indices before HS (P > 0.05). However, Cr supplementation played an important role in relieving HS. After HS, compared with the control group, 1.6 mg/kg and 12.0 mg/kg Cr supplementation groups significantly lowered the plasma glucose level and aspartate transaminase (AST) activity (P < 0.05), and 0.4 mg/kg and 1.6 mg/kg Cr supplementation groups significantly lowered alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity (P < 0.05). 0.4 mg/kg and 1.6 mg/kg supplementation groups significantly improved hepatic total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity (P < 0.05). Furthermore, 0.4mg/kg-12.0 mg/kg Cr supplementation groups significantly improved the activities of hepatic glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) and lowered hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) level in liver (P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of hepatic copper zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), CAT and GPx were significantly improved in 0.4mg/kg-12.0 mg/kg supplementation Cr groups (P < 0.05), however, there was no significant variation of hepatic manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) mRNA levels under different levels of supplementation (P > 0.05). Significantly lower mRNA levels of hepatic pro-inflammatory cytokines observed in 0.4mg/kg-12.0 mg/kg Cr supplementation groups including tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) (P < 0.05), and 0.4mg/kg-12.0 mg/kg Cr supplementation significantly improved the relative expressions of hepatic heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) (P < 0.05). The present study indicated that dietary Cr supplementation might have no significant effect on immune capacity and antioxidant capacity under normal physiological conditions, whereas it played an important role in relieving HS.

Effect of Dietary Chromium, Vitamin E and Selenium Supplementation on Growth Performance and Cost Economics of Holstein Friesian Calves Under Heat Stress

Effect of Dietary Chromium, Vitamin E and Selenium Supplementation on Growth Performance and Cost Economics of Holstein Friesian Calves Under Heat Stress

Effects of dietary inorganic chromium supplementation on broiler growth performance: a meta-analysis.

BackgroundA meta-analysis was conducted to assess dietary inorganic chromium supplementation on broiler growth performance and determine if these effects are regulated by strains, sex, or contextual factors such as study area and time.MethodsEligible studies were identified by searching Web of Science, Springer, Elsevier, Science Direct, Taylor & Francis online databases. The weighted average difference with corresponding 95% confidence interval was computed with a random-effects model. We performed subgroup analyses stratified by study locations, published years, broiler sex, and strains. The publication bias was assessed with Egger’s test method. A total of nine studies were eligible for inclusion.ResultsThe meta-analysis results indicated that inorganic chromium supplementation significantly improved the broiler’s growth performance, with a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) and a higher average daily feed intake (ADFI). Through subgroup analyses, we found that the result of average daily gain (ADG) in Iran or published in the 2010s, the results of ADFI in Egypt, and the results of FCR in China had significant responses to chromium supplementation. We also found that Cobb 500 broilers and male broilers might be more sensitive to the addition of inorganic chromium by subgroup analyses. A model was used to obtain the amount of chromium addition under the optimal growth performance. The results showed that the adjusted ADFI and FCR presented a quadratic relationship with chromium supplementation except for average daily gain (ADG). The growth performance improved when the inorganic chromium addition ranged from 1.6 to 2.3 mg/kg. The result of sensitivity analyses showed low sensitivity and high stability. Also, there was little indication of publication bias for studies.ConclusionsOur study showed that the males and Cobb 500 broilers might be more sensitive to chromium supplementation and provided more accurate inorganic chromium supplementation for broiler management practice. The fewer included studies may lead to higher heterogeneity, and no subgroup analyses of environmental stress conditions was conducted due to the lack of related information. Therefore, this study still has some limitations, and we look forward to the follow-up researches.

Dietary supplementation of chromium for finishing pigs

ABSTRACT: Increasing fat deposition and feed conversion ratio over the days in finishing phase directly influence pork quality and productive profitability. Nonetheless, the slaughter of heavier pigs can result in benefits for the slaughterhouse due to dilution of production and processing costs, as well as economic benefits for the pig producer resulting from the dilution of production costs. Therefore, dietary supplementation of chromium for finishing pigs of high lean-genotypes is a strategy to increase lean tissue accretion and minimize fat deposition, reflecting positively on growth performance. This review discussed recent studies results and mechanisms of action of this modifier of performance and carcass a traits in finishing pigs. Chromium increases the insulin action, facilitating insulin binding to the receptors on cell membrane. As a result, insulin-sensitive cells uptake more glucose, which will be later converted into energy. This additional energy is use to increase protein synthesis, thereby increasing the amount of lean tissue and reducing fat content in the carcass, without altering protein intake by pigs. Chromium also reduces lipid oxidation rate maintaining meat quality for longer period. In conclusion, dietary Cr supplementation for finishing pigs have shown that 0.2 mg/kg of organic Cr sources for pigs from ~60 kg until the slaughter can improve growth performance, lean gain and reduce fat content in carcass. However, the development of nanotechnology has allowed the use of inorganic Cr source at 0.2 mg/kg of inclusion, leading to improve the growth performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs.

Apparent nutrient digestibility of carbohydrate (corn) in Cirrhinus mrigala under the influence of chromium chloride hexahydrate.

A feeding trial was carried out to assess the effect of dietary chromium supplementation on apparent nutrient digestibility coefficient (%) of gelatinized and non-gelatinized corn in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings for 90 days. Using various levels of chromium chloride hexahydrate six test diets designated as T1 (G/0.0 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T2 (NG/0.0 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T3 (G/0.2 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T4 (NG/0.2 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T5 (G/0.4 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1) and T6 (NG/0.4 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1) were prepared. Results showed highest apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of nutrients dry matter, crude lipid and gross energy in test diet T5 that was gelatinized and supplemented with chromium 0.4 mg/Kg while, for crude protein higher value of nutrient digestibility was recorded in T3 test diet (G/0.2 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg/Kg). It was concluded that chromium supplementation with gelatinized corn in fish (Cirrhinus mrigala) diet can improve the nutrients digestibility more efficiently.

Chromium supplementation modulates glucose metabolism in heat-stressed Girolando dairy cows

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary chromium supplementation on hepatic gene expression of lactating Girolando (Holstein x Gyr) cows under heat stress conditions in climatic chamber. Thirty-six ¾ Holstein x Gyr lactating cows were used, based on a 2x3 factorial scheme, to evaluate the effects of two diets (0 vs 0.50 mg of organic chromium kg-1 dry matter) and three environmental conditions (ECs): heat stress conditions in climatic chamber with ad libitum feeding (HS), a thermoneutral environment with ad libitum feeding (TN), and a pair-fed group in a thermoneutral environment (PF). Under HS group, the expression levels of glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), and growth hormone receptor (rGH) were downregulated (P &lt; 0.05) in chromium-supplemented cows compared to those in cows fed the control diet. GLUT2 expression was upregulated (P = 0.02) in the HS group and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) was downregulated (P &lt; 0.01) in the PF group in cows fed the control diet compared to the expression in the TN group. No differences were observed between the ECs in terms of relative abundances of GLUT2, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), G6Pase, rGH, and IGF1 transcripts among the chromium-supplemented cows (P &gt; 0.05). Heat stress caused changes in the expression of genes related to glucose metabolism, and organic chromium could modulate glucose metabolism in animals under heat stress conditions to some extent.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Manganese, Chromium and Cobalt on Semen Qualities in Sahiwal Bulls

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplemental manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr) and cobalt (Co) on semen qualities in Sahiwal bulls. Twelve Sahiwal bulls divided into three groups T1, T2 and T3 based on their similar semen volume and concentration and were fed with 0, 1.5 and 2.0 times higher Mn, Cr and Co over and above the basal diet (ICAR, 2013) in T1, T2 and T3, respectively, for a period of 120 days. Semen was collected in all the groups twice a week and evaluated for quantitative and qualitative attributes. It was found that additional supplementation of Mn, Cr and Co had no influence on body weight gain, intake and digestibility of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF)]. Seminal mass motility, initial progressive motility, live spermatozoa, normal spermatozoa, intact acrosome and hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) positive sperm count was higher (P less than 0.05) in T3 group in comparison to T1 and T2 groups of fresh as well as frozen semen. Blood superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was higher (P greator than 0.05) in both T2 and T3 than T1. A reduction (P less than 0.05) in lipid peroxidation activity (LPO) in fresh and frozen semen in T3 group was observed. It may be concluded that dietary supplementation of Mn @ 30 ppm, Co @ 0.22 ppm and Cr @ 2 ppm, respectively per day per Sahiwal bull can improve the qualitative and quantitative attributes of semen.

Influence of organic chromium supplementation on the performance of beef calves undergoing weaning-related stress

ABSTRACT: Dietary chromium supplementation before, during, and after weaning was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that chromium supplementation could reduce weaning-induced cortisol release in beef calves. We examined the effects of chromium supplementation in 150 crossbred calves (male and female) between five and six months of age. The calves were randomly divided by sex and breed into two equal homogeneous groups (n=75). One group was used as the control, and the other experimental group received supplementation with 0.9mg of chromium carbon-amino-phospho-chelate per 100kg BW. The chromium supplement was mixed with mineral salt for the consumption of 0.1% of BW, and the supplement was administered via creep feeding 60 days before and 60 days after forced weaning. Calves were weighed, and their blood and urine samples were obtained at four time-points: T0 (60 days before weaning), T1 (at weaning), T2 (48 hours after weaning), and T3 (60 days after weaning). Blood samples were used to determine chromium, cortisol, total protein, and albumin concentrations, and urine samples were used to determine urinary creatinine and chromium levels. Cumulative weight gain was higher in calves supplemented with chromium before weaning and during the experiment (P&lt;0.05). In addition, weaning-related stress caused an increase in chromium excretion in the urine, and chromium supplementation reduced stress, which resulted in lower cortisol and total protein levels during weaning.

Effects of different sources and levels of dietary chromium supplementation on performance of broiler chicks.

The current experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of different dietary chromium supplementation sources, chromium oxide (Cr2 O3 ), chromium methionine (Cr-Met), or chromium yeast (Cr-yeast), at different levels each (500 or 1,000ppb) on growth performance, physiological traits, and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. A total of 490 seven-day-old Arbor Acres chicks were randomly distributed into 7 experimental groups each in 10 replicates of 7 birds each. The groups were control, 500ppb Cr2 O3 , 1,000ppb Cr2 O3 , 500ppb Cr-Met, 1,000ppb Cr-Met, 500ppb Cr-yeast, and 1,000ppb Cr-yeast. The results showed significant superiority of the organic chromium sources (Cr-Met or Cr-yeast) concerning body weight and weight gain, the group supplemented with 1,000ppb Cr-yeast consumed the lowest feed (3,185g) and had the best feed conversion ratio (1.60) compared to the control (1.73). The chromium treatments recorded significantly better protein and lipid profile, antioxidant status, and immunological parameters than the control group. Similarly, dietary chromium supplementation increased carcass yield and decreased intestinal pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, supplementing broiler diets with organic chromium sources at 1,000ppb promotes growth performance, physiological traits, and carcass characteristics; such chromium treatments enhanced the antioxidant status and immunity levels of broilers.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Organic Chromium on Carcass Characteristics and Haemato-Biochemical Profile in Broiler Chickens

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Organic Chromium on Carcass Characteristics and Haemato-Biochemical Profile in Broiler Chickens

Effects of dietary chromium supplementation on calf performance, metabolic hormones, oxidative status, and susceptibility to diarrhea and pneumonia

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of chromium (Cr) supplementation on the health status, blood attributes, and insulin sensitivity in dairy calves reared under hot summer conditions. Twenty-four newborn Holstein calves were assigned randomly to a control group (Cr-) and a group (Cr+) receiving 0.05 mg Cr-methionine per kg BW0.75. The starter feed contained 0.95 mg Cr/kg dry matter. Dietary level of Cr was within the ranges (0.08 to 1 mg Cr/kg body mass daily or more) reported to affect metabolism). Supplemental Cr was included in colostrum and milk before weaning (d 1 to 63), and in the starter feed from d 64 to 91. Dry matter intake and average daily gain increased but respiration rate was lower in Cr + calves. Cr supplementation decreased the number of days with pneumonia and medication days during the post-weaning period; however, Cr did not affect diarrhea frequency or the number of days with diarrhea. Supplementing Cr increased blood serum concentration of total proteins. Furthermore, blood serum concentration of globulins tended to increase in Cr + calves during the pre-weaning and overall periods. Cr supplementation increased catalase activity during the post-weaning period. Glucose disappearance rate tended to increase in Cr + calves. Overall, supplementary feeding of Cr may benefit growth performance and health status without a major effect on blood metabolites, antioxidant status, and insulin sensitivity in dairy calves under high ambient temperature summer conditions.

Dietary supplementation of organic or inorganic chromium modulates the immune responses of broilers vaccinated with Avian Influenza virus vaccine

Dietary supplementation with the organic chromium (Cr) has been shown to positively affect the immune function of poultry. However, to our knowledge, no experiment has been done to directly compare the impacts of Cr chloride and chromium picolinate (CrPic) on the immune responses of broilers vaccinated with Avian Influenza (AI) virus vaccine. Therefore, the present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of supplemental Cr sources (Cr chloride and CrPic) and levels on the growth performance and immune responses of broilers vaccinated with AI virus vaccine so as to provide an effective nutritional strategy for improving immune function of broilers. A total of 432 1-day (d)-old male broiler chicks were used in a 1 plus 2×4 design. Chickens were given either a diet without Cr supplementation (control) or diets supplemented with 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, or 3.2 mg Cr/kg as either Cr chloride or CrPic for 42 d. Compared to the control, dietary Cr supplementation had no effect (P>0.05) on average daily gain, average daily feed intake and gain : feed of broilers during the starter and grower phases, but increased (P<0.05) the relative weights of bursa of fabricius on d 21 and thymus, spleen, or bursa of fabricius on d 42, serum antibody titers against AI virus on d 21, 28, 35 and 42, blood T-lymphocyte transformation rate on d 28 and 42, blood T-lymphocyte percentage on d 42, and serum interleukin-2 contents on d 28. Broilers fed the diets supplemented with the inorganic Cr chloride had higher (P<0.05) weights of thymus, spleen and bursa of fabricius than those fed the diets supplemented with the CrPic on d 42. In addition, broilers fed the diets supplemented with the CrPic had higher (P<0.05) antibody titers against AI virus than those fed the diets supplemented with the inorganic Cr chloride on d 21 and 35. These results indicate that dietary Cr supplementation improved immune responses of broilers vaccinated with AI virus, and the inorganic Cr chloride was more effective than the CrPic in increasing the relative weights of lymphoid organs, however, the CrPic was more effective than the inorganic Cr chloride in enhancing the serum antibody titer against AI virus.

Effect of dietary chromium supplementation on meat nutritional quality and antioxidant status from broilers fed with Camelina-meal-supplemented diets

Poultry meat is a valuable source of nutrients and the enrichment with health-promoting substances such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) is an important factor for consumers’ choice. Camelina meal (Camelina sativa) is an animal feedstuff used to achieve this goal, but the administration of n-3 PUFA-enriched diets in broiler nutrition can accelerate the oxidative processes in meat leading to a decreased quality of final product. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the organic Cr as chromium picolinate (CrPic) on meat quality, fatty acid profile of fat and oxidative stability of meat from broilers fed supplemented dietary Camelina meal. An experiment was conducted on 240 Ross 308 broiler chicken aged 14 days which were assigned to 6 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. Within the treatment arrangement two concentrations of Camelina meal (0% and 3%) and three concentrations of Cr3+ (0, 200 and 400 μg/kg) were used. Dietary treatments were: (1) Control diet (C) containing a corn–soybean diet with no added Camelina meal or Cr3+; (2) a C diet containing an additional 200 μg/kg of Cr3+ as CrPic; (3) a C diet containing an additional 400 μg/kg of Cr3+ as CrPic; (4) a C diet containing an additional 3% Camelina meal; (5) diet 2 containing an additional 3% Camelina meal; (6) diet 3 containing an additional 3% Camelina meal. Chromium supplementation significantly (P<0.05) increased the CP concentrations and significantly (P<0.05) decreased the crude fat concentrations in breast samples. The Camelina meal groups presented higher values of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly n-3 fatty acids (P<0.05). In CrPic groups, increased retention of Zn and Fe (P < 0.05) was observed in breast samples, compared to control group, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances values were significantly (P<0.05) smaller. Myoglobin fraction (metmyoglobin and oximyoglobin) concentrations differ significantly (P<0.05) from the control group, under the influence of Cr3+ supplements. This study found that broilers fed with CrPic supplements showed improved mineral composition and oxidative stability of breast meat, proving an effective protection of lipid molecules from oxidation in PUFA-enriched meat.

PSXVII-30 Effects of dietary supplementation of yeast chromium and dihydropyridine on serum biochemical indices and HSP70 mRNA expression of lactating dairy cows in summer.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of dihydropyridine and yeast chromium on serum biochemical indices and heat stress protein (HSP) concentration of lactating Holstein dairy cows in summer. Twenty-four lactating cows were assigned to three treatments: control, yeast-chromium supplementation (Cr-Yeast, 8 mg/d) and dihydropyridine supplementation (Dih, 3.0 g/d). The trial was conducted during summer and included a 6 d adaption period, followed by a 46 d experimental period for samples and data collection. The temperature humidity index (THI) was daily recorded at 10:00, 12:00 and 15:00. Blood samples were collected from coccygeal vessels on d 29 (15:00) and d 44 (15:00), part of which were immediately centrifuged to collect the serum. Automatic electrochemical luminescence analyzer was used to measure the serum triiodothyronine and tetraiodothyronine concentration using the direct luminescence competition method, while serum concentration of alkaline phosphatase and creatine kinase (CK) was determined by using IFCC reference method. RNA was extracted from the red blood cells and qPCR was used for testing the HSP70 mRNA expression in blood. The average temperature-humidity indexes at 10:00, 12:00 and 15:00 were 81.4, 83.0 and 83.8, respectively, which indicated the moderate heat stress during experiment. Supplementation of dihydropyridine significantly decreased the serum concentration of CK on d 29 (P < 0.05), while feeding dihydropyridine or yeast chromium decreased serum concentration of CK significantly on d 44 (P < 0.05). Treatments had no effects on blood HSP mRNA expression on d 29 (P > 0.05), while blood HSP mRNA expression on d 44 was significantly improved by the supplementation of chromium yeast (P < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing yeast chromium and dihydropyridine decreased serum concentration of CK and improved antioxidant status in lactating dairy cows in summer.

Concentration of chromium in egg yolk and meat of Japanese quails in response to dietary chromium supplementation

Concentration of chromium in egg yolk and meat of Japanese quails in response to dietary chromium supplementation