Diet Quality Index-International Score Research Articles

International diet quality index and revised diet quality index relationship with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a case-control study

Background/objectivesRecent studies show the potential role of dietary quality and quantity in predicting the risk of chronic diseases, such as liver disease, therefore, in the present study, we aimed to assess the association of diet quality index International (DQI-I) and diet quality index revised (DQI-R) and their main components with the odds of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in adult populations.MethodsThe current case-control study was conducted on 225 patients with NAFLD and 450 controls. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire, and DQI-I and DQI-R were calculated in participants. Multi-variable logistic regression was used to examine the association of DQI-I and DQI-R and their components with the odds of NAFLD.ResultsThe mean (SD) age and BMI of participants (53% men) were 38.1 (8.8) years and 26.8 (4.3) kg/m2, respectively. In the final model, each one SD increment in the DQI-I score was associated with decreased odds of NAFLD (OR = 0.63; 95%CI = 0.40–0.98) (P = 0.040). Also, of DQI-I components, high adequacy score was related to lower odds of NAFLD (OR = 0.16; 95%CI = 0.06–0.40) (P < 0.001). Also, our findings showed that participants in the highest tertile of DQI-R score had lower odds of NAFLD compared to the lowest tertile of DQI-R (OR = 0.24; 95%CI = 0.10–0.53) (P < 0.001). Furthermore, of DQI-R components, high moderation score are linked to a lower risk of NAFLD (OR = 0.17;95%CI = 0.07–0.43) (P < 0.001).ConclusionOur findings suggested that greater adherence to diet with a higher score of DQI-I and DQI-R may be associated with lower odds of NAFLD.

The association between Diet Quality Index-International score and risk of diminished ovarian reserve: a case-control study.

Although limited evidence exists on the beneficial reproductive effects of diet quality indices, the association is still largely unknown. We aimed to investigate the association between Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and antral follicle count (AFC) and serum antimullerian hormone (AMH) as precise and sensitive markers of ovarian reserve and to assess the risk of diminished ovarian reserve (DOR) in women seeking fertility treatments. In a case-control study, 370 women (120 women with DOR and 250 women with normal ovarian reserve as controls), matched by age and body mass index (BMI), were recruited. Dietary intake was obtained using a validated 80-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The quality of diets was assessed using DQI-I, which included four major dietary components: variety (0-20 points), adequacy (0-40 points), moderation (0-30 points), and overall balance (0-10 points). DQI-I score was categorized by quartiles based on the distribution of controls. AFC, serum AMH and anthropometric indices were measured. Logistic regression models were used to estimate multivariable odds ratio (OR) of DOR across quartiles of DQI-I score. Increased adherence to DQI-I was associated with higher AFC in women with DOR. After adjusting for potential confounders, the odds of DOR decreased with increasing DQI-I score (0.39; 95% CI: 0.18-0.86). Greater adherence to DQI-I, as a food and nutrient-based quality index, may decrease the risk of DOR and improve the ovarian reserve in women already diagnosed with DOR. Our findings, though, need to be verified through prospective studies and clinical trials.

Dietary quality index and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study

BackgroundDiet quality is a significant determinant in the etiology of breast cancer (BrCa), but further studies are required to explore this relationship. Therefore, we tried to assess if diet quality, assessed using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), was related to BrCa among the Iranian population.MethodsIn the present case-control research, 134 women with a recent diagnosis of BrCa and 267 without BrCa were selected as case and control groups. Individual food intake data from a food frequency questionnaire was used to compute DQI-I. Also, the multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate the association between DQI-I and BrCa odds .ResultsWe found a significant association between the last tertile of DQI-I and BrCa odds in the fully adjusted model (odds ratio (OR) = 0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15–0.56). The subgroup analysis based on menopausal status also showed a significant decrease in BrCa odds in pre-and post-menopausal women (pre-menopausal: OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.10–0.70 – post-menopausal status: OR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.13–0.92).ConclusionsOur findings indicated that a higher DQI-I score was related to a lower chance of BrCa. According to our research, a healthy diet pattern is crucial for BrCa prevention.

Quality of diet and odds of metabolic syndrome in Iranian adults: Baseline results from the PERSIAN Kavar cohort study (PKCS)

Background and aimsMetabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diet quality has been associated with multiple chronic diseases. We aimed to investigate the association between the quality of diet and the odds of being diagnosed with MetS. Methods and resultsThis study was conducted cross-sectionally on baseline data of 2225 individuals from the PERSIAN Kavar Cohort Study (PKCS). The quality of diet was measured based on the Diet Quality Index – International (DQI-I), using Food Frequency Questionnaires. The association between DQI-I and MetS and its components was measured via logistic regression models in crude and adjusted models. We did not observe any association between DQI-I and MetS in the overall population. However, after adjustment for potential confounders, we found that male participants with higher DQI-I scores had a lower risk of MetS [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval CI) = 0.62 (0.42–0.93)]. Moreover, analogous trends were observed with respect to some components of MetS, including elevated triglyceride (TG) [crude OR (95% CI) = 0.89 (0.70–0.98); adjusted OR = 0.82 (0.65–0.93)], lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) [crude OR (95% CI) = 0.79 (0.57–0.99); adjusted OR = 0.76 (0.55–0.97)], and abnormal glucose homeostasis [crude OR (95% CI) = 0.80 (0.55–0.94); adjusted OR = 0.73 (0.51–0.91)] only in male participants, both before and after adjustment for potential confounders. ConclusionIn this study, we showed that higher adherence to a high-quality diet was associated with a lower chance of developing MetS in men. Biological gender might be responsible for the observed discrepancies.

The association between meal-based diet quality index-international (DQI-I) with obesity in adults

Background and objectiveDue to the growing global trend of obesity, it is necessary to study the diet quality as a modifiable factor to reduce the dangerous consequences of obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association between meal-based diet quality index-international (DQI-I) with obesity in adults.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was performed on 850 men and women in Tehran (aged 20–59 y). Dietary intakes were assessed using three 24-h dietary recalls. Meal-based Diet quality was assessed based on the construction of DQI-I. The total DQI-I score ranged from 0 to 100, with higher scores denoting better diet quality. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the association of DQI-I and BMI in each meal and Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of DQI-I and obesity in each meal.ResultsThe mean (± SD) of age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were 42.35(± 10.90) years, 27.32(± 5.61) kg/m2, 89.09 (± 12.04) cm and 0.86 (± 0.11), respectively. In none of the meals, after adjusting for confounders, no significant difference in BMI was observed in the both women and men groups. After controlling of confounders, there was not any relationship between meal-based DQI-I and BMI resulted from multiple linear regression analysis also there was not any significant association between meal-based DQI-I and obesity resulted from Logistic regression analysis.ConclusionIn this study, we did not find any significant association between meal-specified DQI with obesity. To reach the better evaluation, more prospective studies with large sample size are needed.

Influence of Food Purchase Behaviour on Diet Quality of University Athletes during COVID-19 Lockdown

Lockdown order during the COVID-19 pandemic creates new norms of lifestyle, including food accessibility. To understand whether this situation might affect food purchase behaviour (FPB) and diet quality in exceptional people such as athletes, online FPB and diet quality index-international (DQI-I) questionnaires were distributed to 299 university athletes but only 195 responded. The survey found FPB score of respondents was 63.3±14.1, whereas the DQI-I score was 61.8±13.2. A strong relationship between FPB and DQI-I scores, r(193) = .64, p&lt;.00001, was determined. FPB and DQI-I were not affected by gender, age and college seniority differences. Keywords: Food purchase behaviour, diet quality index, athletes, COVID-19 eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2022. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning &amp; Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v7iSI7%20(Special%20Issue).3823

Avocado Intake Among Adolescents Is Associated with Higher Diet Quality and Healthier Dietary Intake

ObjectivesAvocado is a nutrient-rich food that has been shown to benefit the health and diet quality of adults. Our aim is to determine if habitual intake of avocado among adolescents is associated with their diet quality and food and nutrient intake.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, participants aged 12–18 years old (n = 534) from selected public and middle-high schools near two major Adventist universities reported their dietary intake in a validated web-based food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Intake of nutrients, food/food groups, and avocado were calculated from the FFQ; diet quality was determined using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). Data was analyzed with descriptive statistics, comparison tests, and general linear modeling using SAS 9.3 and R.ResultsCompared to non-consumers, avocado consumers had significantly higher covariate-adjusted mean scores on total DQI-I (68.3 vs. 64.6) and energy-adjusted mean scores on the DQI-I components variety (18.8 vs. 18.0) and adequacy (36.4 vs. 33.4). Avocado consumption was significantly associated with DQI-I components adequacy (β [SE] = 0.11 [.03]) and moderation (β [SE] = 0.06 [.03]). Mean intakes of fruits, vegetables, and plant protein foods, total and vegetable proteins, dietary fiber, retinol, vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, iron, and potassium were significantly higher for avocado consumers; saturated and trans fats intakes were significantly higher for non-consumers.ConclusionsIn our adolescent population, avocado consumption was associated with higher diet quality and intake of plant-based foods and the known shortfall nutrients in this population. Greater exposure to avocado may potentially improve dietary intake of adolescents.Funding SourcesHass Avocado Board.

Determinants of diet quality among mothers of young children in an urban slum area in Jakarta: Mother’s age, vegetables availability, and eating out frequency

Introduction: Poor diet quality is a major issue, and health concerns may be related to diet. Mothers with young children usually have their meals at home; thus, home food environment plays a role in determining dietary behaviours. This study examined the association between health concerns and diet quality among mothers; additionally, the effect of home food environment on this relationship was assessed. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprising 229 mothers (aged 19–49 years) with young children was conducted in an urban slum area in North Jakarta. Data were collected via interviews using a structured questionnaire. The General Health Interest Scale and Consumer Behaviour Questionnaire were used to assess health concern and home food environment, respectively. The 24-hour dietary recall method was used to calculate the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) score. Spearman’s correlation, multiple linear regression, and path analysis were used to analyse the data. Results: Majority of the mothers had poor diet quality (mean DQI-I score, 41.44/100). No significant correlation between health concern and diet quality was observed. After adjusting for age, the relationship between health concern and diet quality was not mediated by vegetables availability or eating out frequency (indirect effect=0.012; p=0.096). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed age as a significant predictor of diet quality (B=0.196; p=0.024). Conclusion: Diet quality among mothers of young children differed with age and was related to both health concerns and home food environment. Thus, the development of strategies to promote healthy eating based on different age groups is warranted.

CORRELATION BETWEEN APPETITIVE TRAITS AND DIET QUALITY OF YOUNG CHILDREN IN NORTH JAKARTA

exist in the literature examining appetitive traits and diet quality among children. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the correlation between appetitive traits and diet quality among children aged 2-6 years in North Jakarta. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Pejagalan village, North Jakarta. A total of 263 subjects were included in this study. Data collection was performed from January to April 2020. Children’s appetitive trait was measured using a validated child eating behaviour questionnaire (CEBQ), and the Diet Quality Index-International (DQII) was used to calculate diet quality scores in children. Most subjects had a DQII score below 60, indicating that the diet quality in children was classified as poor. Based on the CEBQ score, desire to drink, emotional undereating and satiety responsiveness were the common traits in our subjects. Using the Spearman test, we found that emotional overeating was negatively correlated with children’s diet quality score (r = -0.13, p-value &lt; 0.05). Linear regression models showed that food responsiveness was a positive predictor of the ‘variety’ component (β = 0.16, p-value &lt; 0.05), and satiety responsiveness was found as a positive predictor of the moderation component of diet quality (β = 0.17 p-value &lt; 0.05). These findings suggest the potential use of tools, such as the children's emotional overeating assessment, food responsiveness and satiety responsiveness assessments, to identify the risk of poor diet quality and plan an integrated intervention for dietary improvement among children.

Dietary Patterns and Intrinsic Capacity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Few studies have investigated the link between diet and intrinsic capacity (IC), and the potential sex difference in such association. This study examined the association between dietary patterns and IC and its sub-domains in Chinese community-dwelling older adults. Cross-sectional analysis using baseline data from the MrOs and MsOs study. Community. Chinese community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years in Hong Kong. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire and priori and posteriori dietary pattern scores were generated. IC including measures of cognitive, locomotor, vitality, sensory and psychological domains was assessed. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the associations between dietary pattern scores and the likelihood of greater IC and sub-domain scores with adjustment for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. Data of 3730 participants (aged 72.2±5.0 years, 50.4% men) was available. In men, higher Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and Okinawan diet scores, and lower "meat-fish" pattern scores were associated with greater IC. A higher DQI-I score was associated with greater locomotion, whereas higher "snacks-drinks-milk products" pattern score was associated with a greater sensory function. In women, none of the dietary pattern scores was associated with IC. Higher DQI-I score, Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay Diet (MIND) score and "vegetables-fruits" pattern score were associated with greater psychological function. Various dietary patterns were associated with greater IC and its sub-domains in Chinese community-dwelling older adults, and more associations were observed in men than women. Strategies to improve diet and IC should take sex differences into account.

Nutritional Status and its Associations with Eating Behavior and Diet Quality among Adult: A Cross-Sectional Study

BACKGROUND: Obesity among adults is a significant public health problem. Diet quality might be influenced by eating behavior and is associated with nutritional status, but research is lacking in obese adults in Indonesia. AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between eating behavior, diet quality, and obesity. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 144 respondents (39.6% males and 60.4% females), aged 39.07 ± 5.48 years, who were selected using stratified random sampling from five subdistrict in Malang City, East Java, Indonesia. The eating behavior score was calculated using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and the diet quality using the Diet Quality Index International (DQI-I) from SQ-FFQ. Association of eating behavior, diet quality, and nutritional status was analyzed using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The study showed that the prevalence of obesity among female adults was higher (31.9%) than males (18.8%). The female participant had a two-fold higher likelihood of being overweight or obese than the male participant (OR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.077; 4.071, p &lt; 0.05). The average diet quality score was 57.99 ± 7.26 or 80% from a total score of 100. There was no significant difference in total DQI-I and component scores, including variety, adequacy, moderation, and overall balance across nutritional status and sex, p &gt; 0.005. The poor-diet quality was higher in the overweight and obesity group (43.75 %) than the normal group (16.67%). There was a statistically significant difference of restrained eating with overweight and obesity status (p &lt; 0.05) with OR 2,652 (CI 95% 1.149; 6.119) and female (OR 2.496, CI 95% 1.195; 5.212, p &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that obesity was prevalent in female adults, and there is a relationship between obesity and restraint eating among adults. Future studies should examine the causal effects of eating behaviors on quality diet and in the development of obesity.

Association between body mass index and diet quality index-international and mediterranean diet compliance during Covid-19 pandemic

Rationale: Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) which consists of diversity, adequacy, moderation, and general balance categories is a tool created to examine the diet quality of populations. Mediterranean diet (MD) is a nutritional model that reduces the risk of many chronic diseases (1). This study was carried out to evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and compliance with DQI-I and MD in healthy adults. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 926 healthy individuals aged 19 to 64, between February and June 2020. The questionnaire, consisting of general demographic information, Mediterranean Diet Assessment Tool (PREDIMED), and a 24-hour dietary recall, was applied by phone due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Body weight and height was self-claimed by participants. DQI-I was calculated according to 24-hour dietary recall by a trained dietitian. Results: The average age of the participants was 35.1±13.40 years and 50.4% of the participants were female. The average BMI was 25.1±4.50, the average DQI-I score was 53.4±9.82 (out of 100 points), and the PREDIMED score was 5.9±2.21 (out of 12 points). There was a significant positive correlation between DQI-I scores and BMI (r=0.094, p=0.004) however there was no correlation between PREDIMED scores and BMI (r=0.022, p>0.05) (Table 1). Average scores for DQI-I subsections were 15±3.59 (78.5%) for diversity (out of 20 points); 26.2±6.11 (65.5%) for adequacy (out of 40 points); 9.9±5.61 (33%) for moderation (out of 30); and 1.7±2.18 (17%) for moderation (out of 10 points).Table 1.Correlations between body mass index and diet quality index-international and Mediterranean diet compliance scoresBMI (kg/m2)rpDQI-I Scores0.0940.004PREDIMED Scores0.0220.496 Open table in a new tab Conclusion: In this study, the average DQI-I score was found low and among sub-sections the minimum score was gathered from the general balance category, which implies an imbalance of fatty acids and macronutrients contributing to energy intake. This study was initially planned to be conducted face to face however it was carried out by phone interviews due to the pandemic. Therefore anthropometric measurements were taken based on personal statements. This may have caused a measurement bias. In order to prevent obesity and obesity-related diseases, more interventions should be carried out to increase diet quality especially during COVID-19 pandemic.

Association of Diet Quality and Food Insecurity with Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Adults.

Background:The link between diet quality, food insecurity (FI), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains unclear in obese adults. The aim of this study was to examine the association of diet quality and FI with MetS in obese Iranian adults.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 obese adults. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Diet quality and FI were measured using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and an adapted USDA2000 household food security status questionnaire, respectively. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation diagnostic criteria. Association was determined using logistic regression analysis adjusting for potential confounders.Results:MetS subjects had lower DQI-I score than subjects without MetS (67.5 ± 8.7 vs 71.5 ± 7.4, P = 0.05). The prevalence of food insecurity was 48.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 41.2, 56.1) in MetS subjects and 39.4% (95% CI: 29.4, 49.9) in subjects without MetS. After adjustment, participants in the fourth quartile of DQI-I score had 70% lower odds of MetS (Adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1–0.7), 70% lower odds of hypertriglyceridemia (AOR, 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2–0.7) and 60% lower risk of reduced high-density lipoprotein [HDL] (AOR, 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2–0.9) compared with the first quartile. Obese food insecure adults had 60% higher odds of high blood pressure (AOR, 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0–2.6) and 70% higher odds of hypertriglyceridemia (AOR, 1.7; 95% CI: 1.0–2.8) compared with food-secure obese adults. There was no statistically significant interaction observed between DQI-I and food insecurity on MetS.Conclusions:Lower DQI-I score and food insecurity were associated with an increased risk of MetS and some features such as hypertriglyceridemia, reduced HDL, and high blood pressure in obese Iranian adults.

The Diet Quality and Nutrition Inadequacy of Pre-Frail Older Adults in New Zealand.

This study aimed to describe the diet quality of pre-frail community-dwelling older adults to extend the evidence of nutrition in frailty prevention. Pre-frailty, the transition state between a robust state and frailty, was ascertained using the FRAIL scale. Socio-demographic, health status, and 24-h dietary recalls were collected from 465 community-dwelling adults aged 75+ (60 years for Māori and Pacific people) across New Zealand. Diet quality was ascertained with the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I). Participants (median (IQR) age 80 (77–84), 59% female) had a moderately healthful diet, DQI-I score: 60.3 (54.0–64.7). Women scored slightly higher than men (p = 0.042). DQI-I components identified better dietary variety in men (p = 0.044), and dietary moderation in women (p = 0.002); both sexes performed equally well in dietary adequacy and poorly in dietary balance scores (73% and 47% of maximum scores, respectively). Low energy 20.3 (15.4–25.3) kcal/kg body weight (BW) and protein intakes 0.8 (0.6–1.0) g/kg BW were coupled with a high prevalence of mineral inadequacies: calcium (86%), magnesium (68%), selenium (79%), and zinc (men 82%). In conclusion, the diet quality of pre-frail older adults was moderately high in variety and adequacy but poor in moderation and balance. Our findings support targeted dietary interventions to ameliorate frailty.

Diet Quality: A Neglected Parameter in Children With Food Allergies. A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background-Objective: With recent evidence suggesting that growth is no longer considered a major issue in children with food allergies (FA) on elimination diet, priority has shifted to diet quality to establish healthy eating patterns and prevent non-communicable diseases. The Diet Quality Index – International (DQI-I) could be useful for assessing the overall diet quality of FA-children. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of elimination diet on DQI-I in children with FA and the accuracy of DQI-I in reflecting nutrient intake.Materials-methods: In a prospective, cross-sectional, cohort study of FA-children (2–14 years), nutritional intake was evaluated using a 7-day food frequency questionnaire, 24-h dietary recall, and the DQI-I.Results: Of the 76 children recruited, 44.7% had multiple allergies. Mean overall DQI-I score was 52 points, with only 28% of participants having good overall DQI-I (≥60 points). DQI-I moderation and balance were the most affected domains. Participants with multiple allergies had higher DQI-I moderation and balance and lower vitamin D and Ca intake. Compared to toddlers, schoolchildren had higher DQI-I variety and lower moderation and received higher vitamin B2, vitamin B12, Ca, P, and Zn. The number of allergies, age, and milk avoidance were independently associated with adjusted DQI-I moderation and balance, energy, and certain micronutrient intake. Higher percentages of participants with good DQI-I received adequate amounts of Mn and vitamins A, B6, C, and folate than those with poor DQI-I.Conclusions: In children with FA on elimination diet, the DQI-I accurately captured the deflection of diet quality related to the development of chronic, non-communicable diseases through its moderation and balance components. This is DQI-I's main purpose as a healthy diet indicator and as such it would be a useful tool responding to the needs of the contemporary shifting of priorities in FA-children's diet from quantity to quality. Nevertheless, it does not accurately reflect the intake of certain micronutrients potentially compromised by elimination diets. Therefore, regular nutritional assessment utilizing both the DQI-I and tools assessing individual nutrient intakes along with professional nutrition counseling should be integral parts of the individualized management of children with FA to ensure adequate nutrient intake and establish healthy dietary patterns.

Poor diet quality is associated with self-reported knee pain in community-dwelling women aged 50 years and older.

In the current study, we aimed to examine the association between knee pain and diet quality in women aged ≥ 50 years using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. This was a population-based, cross-sectional study. Diet quality was assessed using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), and knee pain and osteoarthritis were self-reported. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to adjust for age, body mass index, household income, marital status, education, occupation, smoking status, hazardous alcohol use, regular physical activity, menopause, and chronic diseases, including hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, osteoarthritis, and depression. A total of 3,881 women were included in this study, and the prevalence of knee pain was 25.4%. The intakes of total energy, protein, and fat were lower in women with knee pain than in those without (all P < 0.01), while the carbohydrate intake was higher (P = 0.01). No significant differences were noted in the scores for variety, overall balance, and moderation components, except for the item of total fat intake, between the DQI-I scores for women with and without knee pain, after adjusting for age. Women without knee pain showed higher scores in several items of the adequacy component (P < 0.05) than did women with knee pain. The total DQI-I scores were lower in women with knee pain than in women without knee pain, after adjusting for covariates, including osteoarthritis (OR = 0.985, 95% CI = 0.973–0.997, P = 0.01). Knee pain independent of osteoarthritis was associated with poor diet quality in community-dwelling women aged ≥ 50 years.

Assessment of Dietary Habits Using the Diet Quality Index-International in Cerebrovascular and Cardiovascular Disease Patients.

Improvement of dietary habits is recommended for the management of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases (CCVD). This study aimed to evaluate the dietary habits of CCVD patients and compare them with the general population by using the Diet Quality Index—International (DQI-I). Data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2013–2016) were used. Cardiovascular diseases included myocardial infarction, angina pectoris, and heart failure; and cerebrovascular diseases included stroke, cerebral infarction, and hemorrhage. In total, 12,683 subjects over 20 years old were included, comprising 718 CCVD patients and 11,965 non-CCVD subjects. Survey-weighted multiple linear regression analyses with adjustment for covariates were used to compare DQI-I scores. The mean total DQI-I scores for the CCVD and non-CCVD groups were 66.7 ± 9.2 and 67.8 ± 9.2, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, the CCVD group had DQI-I scores significantly lower than the non-CCVD group (coefficient −1.13, p-value = 0.011). In the analysis of each DQI-I component, the CCVD group had lower scores for variety (coefficient −0.54, p-value = 0.004) and adequacy (coefficient −0.86, p-value = 0.001). In this study, using nationally representative data, dietary habits of CCVD patients were shown to be lower in quality than non-CCVD subjects. Therefore, evaluation and education of adequate dietary habits are needed in the management of CCVD patients.

Certain dietary patterns are associated with GLIM criteria among Chinese community-dwelling older adults: a cross-sectional analysis.

Disease-related malnutrition is prevalent among older adults; therefore, identifying the modifiable risk factors in the diet is essential for the prevention and management of disease-related malnutrition. The present study examined the cross-sectional association between dietary patterns and malnutrition in Chinese community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years in Hong Kong. Dietary patterns, including Diet Quality Index International (DQI-I), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), the Mediterranean Diet Score, 'vegetable-fruit' pattern, 'snack-drink-milk product' pattern and 'meat-fish' pattern, were estimated and generated from a validated food frequency questionnaire. Malnutrition was classified according to the modified Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria based on two phenotypic components (low body mass index and reduced muscle mass) and one aetiologic component (inflammation/disease burden). The association between the tertile or level of adherence of each dietary pattern and modified GLIM criteria was analysed using adjusted binary logistic regression models. Data of 3694 participants were available (49 % men). Malnutrition was present in 397 participants (10⋅7 %). In men, a higher DQI-I score, a higher 'vegetable-fruit' pattern score and a lower 'meat-fish' pattern score were associated with a lower risk of malnutrition. In women, higher adherence to the DASH diet was associated with a lower risk of malnutrition. After the Bonferroni correction, the association remained statistically significant only in men for the DQI-I score. To conclude, a higher DQI-I score was associated with a lower risk of malnutrition in Chinese older men. Nutritional strategies for the prevention and management of malnutrition could potentially be targeted on dietary quality.

Comparison of diet quality among female students in different majors at Taibah University.

Diet quality is a term used to assess both the quality and variety of food intake by comparing dietary guidelines. The quality of dietary intake can be used to determine the association between food intake and health status. Studies comparing diet quality among students from different departments are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the dietary quality of female college students with majors in different departments at Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study was a cross-sectional study conducted with 658 female participants. The Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) was used to describe dietary quality. The total DQI-I score of the College of Applied Medical Sciences (CAMS) students (55.5%) was higher than those of the College of Sciences (CS) (52.3%) and College of Arts and Humanities (CAH) (50.4%) students. The risk of having a poor diet was higher among the CS (odds ratio (OR) = 1.154, 95% confidence interval (CI) (95% CI) = 1.007-1.879) and CAH students (OR = 1.624, CI = 1.012-2.604) than among the CAMS students. Having a low DQI-I score was associated with a high risk of obesity (OR= 2.478, 95% CI = 1.007-3.879) and a high body fat % (OR = 3.920, 95% CI = 1.757-8.749). This study showed the need to raise awareness among the younger population about the importance of healthy eating, which involves implementing healthy habits to improve one's quality of life.

Cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript prepropeptide gene (CARTPT) polymorphism interacts with Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI) to affect hypothalamic hormones and cardio-metabolic risk factors among obese individuals

BackgroundEpidemiologic studies show that cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript prepropeptide (CARTPT) gene polymorphism modifies diet-obesity relationships. However, the interaction between CARTPT gene polymorphism and diet quality indices have not been investigated yet. The current study was aimed to evaluate the interaction between major dietary indices including Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015 and CARTPT gene rs2239670 variants among apparently healthy obese Iranians.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out by employing 288 apparently healthy obese adults aged 20–50 years with a BMI of 30–40 kg/m2. Diet quality was evaluated by Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) and Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015) using a 132-items semi-quantitative validated food frequency questionnaire. The CARTPT gene rs2239670 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RFLP) technique. Blood concentrations of glycemic markers, lipid profile, α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) were also measured. ANCOVA multivariate interaction model was used to analyze gene-diet interactions.ResultsThe significant interactions were identified between CARTPT gene polymorphism and HEI, affecting BMR (PInteraction = 0.003), serum glucose (PInteraction = 0.009) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol HDL concentrations (PInteraction = 0.03) after adjusting for the effects of sex and age. Also we found gene-diet interaction between CARTPT genotypes and DQI-I in terms of fat mass (FM; PInteraction = 0.02), waist circumference (WC; PInteraction < 0.001), body mass index (BMI; PInteraction < 0.001), basal metabolic rate (BMR, PInteraction < 0.001), serum fasting glucose (PInteraction < 0.01) and AgRP (PInteraction = 0.05) in individuals even after adjusting for potential confounders.ConclusionCurrent study showed the effects of interaction between CARTPT genotype with adherence to HEI and DQI-I scores on obesity-related anthropometric and metabolic risk-factors.