Dielectric Barrier Discharge System Research Articles

Degradation of SF6 by dielectric barrier discharge cooperating with TiO2 photocatalysis: Insights into the reaction mechanism

Research into the degradation and conversion of SF6 is important for environmental protection. Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) technology is recognized as a reliable method for processing industrial waste gases, such as SF6. This research introduces a dual approach, combining DBD with TiO2 photocatalysis, to enhance SF6 degradation. When operating at 90 W, the degradation removal efficiency (DRE) of 2 % SF6 reaches 99.99 %. Moreover, the energy efficiency, measured as G50, reaches 10.25 g/(kW·h) for the combined DBD and TiO2 photocatalysis system, is, surpassing the efficiency of the standalone DBD system. The introduction of 0.5 % H2O enables complete SF6 degradation at a reduced input power (70 W). This synergy promotes the generation of a more easily processed product, SO2. Density functional theory (DFT) studies indicate that the availability of active sites on TiO2(101) is a crucial factor affecting the degradation efficiency. Specifically, the pre-adsorption of H2O on TiO2(101) surfaces facilitates the initial bond dissociation of SF6, while these surfaces strongly adsorb crucial intermediates, thereby enhancing the degradation of SF6. Additionally, the selectivity of the products was related to the dissociation energy barriers, and the pre-adsorption of H2O reduces these barriers for key intermediates, thereby improving SO2 selectivity. This study provides new insights into SF6 degradation and conversion using DBD combined with photocatalysis and provides inspiration for the conversion of other greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, etc.).

Degradation of dissolved sulfide in water using multi-hole dielectric barrier discharge

Biogas obtained from livestock manure is used as fuel for solid oxide fuel cells. Although H2S is a typical biogas, it is a fatal disadvantage for fuel-cell power generation and, thus, must be removed. In this study, we proposed an effective method for sulfide removal from water using a multi-hole dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system. In this system, active species, such as ozone, ultraviolet rays, hydroxyl radicals, and hydrogen peroxide, were simultaneously generated. Under optimal conditions, dissolved sulfide (initial concentration: 120 mg/L) was completely degraded within 10 min in air plasma and 6 min in oxygen plasma. Changes in the physical properties of the sulfide-treated water were confirmed by measuring the pH, oxidation-reduction potential, and dissolved oxygen. Results of the by-product analysis showed that sulfide was converted into sulfate by reacting with a large amount of ozone, and the active species were emitted from the multi-hole DBD system. In summary, multi-hole DBD technology has demonstrated merit as a water-contaminant purification technology and for the removal of dissolved sulfide.

Removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from water by plasma treatment: Insights into structural effects and underlying mechanisms

Non-thermal plasma emerges as a promising technology for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) decomposition due to its notable efficacy and environmentally friendly characteristics. In this study, we demonstrated the efficacy of a falling film dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system for the removal of 10 PFAS, including perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) oligomer acids. Results showed that compounds with fluoroalkyl chain length>4 were effectively decomposed within 100 min, with long-chain PFAS demonstrating more pronounced removal performance than their short-chain analogues. The superior removal but low defluorination observed in HFPO oligomer acids could be ascribed to their ether-based structural features. The integration of experimental results with density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the synergistic effects of various reactive species are pivotal to their efficient decomposition, with electrons, OH•, and NO2• playing essential roles. In contrast, the degradation of PFSAs was more dependent on electron attack than that of PFCAs and HFPO oligomer acids. Significantly, the most crucial degradation pathway for HFPO oligomer acids was the cleavage of ether CO, whether through radical or electron attack. Furthermore, the demonstrated effective removal in various water matrices showed the potential of the plasma system for removing PFAS in complex aquatic environments. This study provided mechanistic insights into PFAS degradation behavior in plasma processes, and it underscored the vital influence of molecular structures on degradability, thereby contributing to the further development and regulation of plasma-based technologies for treating PFAS in water.

Augmented degradation performance of dielectric barrier discharge plasma via optimized hydroxyl radical generation

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma demonstrates significant potential for eliminating chlorinated aromatic compounds (CACs), while its commercial application has been hampered by inadequate generation and diffusion of active species. In response, this work introduced iron-biochar composites (Fe/BC) into DBD system to enhance the generation of highly oxidative hydroxyl radicals (OH) from underutilized O3 and H2O2, thereby reducing the diffusion of OH and accelerating the degradation of CACs. The results indicated that, in just 15 min, the combined system achieved remarkable degradation rates exceeding 95% for six diverse CACs, with the degradation rate constant increasing up to 4.27 times when compared to DBD alone. Moreover, the varied response of pollutants implied that the enhanced degradation efficiency was primarily facilitated by the reduced mass transfer distance between pollutants and formed OH. The activation of O3 on Lewis acidic sites not only directly promoted the generation of OH through free radical chain reactions but also indirectly induced more conversion of H2O2 into OH by facilitating the Fe3+/Fe2+ cycle. The identification of intermediates and toxicity analysis substantiated its environmental sustainability. This study offers a viable technical pathway and theoretical foundation for enhancing the efficiency of plasma-based treatment of organic wastewater.

Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet Exposure of Polylactic Acid Surfaces for Better Adhesion: Plasma Parameters towards Polymer Properties.

Polymers play a crucial role in multiple industries; however, surface modification is necessary for certain applications. Exposure to non-thermal plasma provides a viable and environmentally beneficial option. Fused deposition molding utilizes biodegradable polylactic acid, although it encounters constraints in biomedical applications as a result of inadequate mechanical characteristics. This study investigates the effects of atmospheric pressure plasma generated by a dielectric barrier discharge system using helium and/or argon on the modification of polylactic acid surfaces, changes in their wettability properties, and alterations in their chemical composition. The plasma source was ignited in either He or Ar and was tailored to fit the best operational conditions for polymer exposure. The results demonstrated the enhanced wettability of the polymer surface following plasma treatment (up to 40% in He and 20% in Ar), with a marginal variation observed among treatments utilizing different gases. The plasma treatments also caused changes in the surface topography, morphology, roughness, and hydrophilicity. Plasma exposure also resulted in observable modifications in the dielectric characteristics, phase transition, and structure. The experimental findings endorse the utilization of plasma technologies at normal air pressure for environmentally friendly processing of polymer materials, specifically for applications that necessitate enhanced adhesion and have carefully selected prerequisites.

Assessing the influence of non-thermal plasma treatment on sprouting of mosaic yard long beans (Vigna unguiculata)

This study examined the impact of non-thermal plasma (NTP) treatment on the germination of mosaic yard long beans (MYLB) (Vigna unguiculata). The NTP discharge utilized 5.01 W of power and had an estimated electron density of 2.5 × 1011 cm−3. Optical emission spectra analysis confirmed the generation of nitrogen ions using the dielectric barrier discharge system. Seeds exposed to NTP for varying durations exhibited enhanced germination rates and higher vigor, with the highest percentage observed for 120 s of treatment. Seeds treated for 60 and 120 s displayed faster and more synchronized germination based on the Mean Germination Time and Coefficient of Velocity of Germination values. The NTP treatment resulted in mass loss in the seeds, with the greatest loss occurring after 120 s of treatment. NTP-treated seeds demonstrated improved water uptake capacity compared to untreated seeds. Water contact angle measurements indicated a shift from hydrophobic to hydrophilic behavior in NTP-treated seeds, indicating enhanced surface wettability. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed erosion and roughening of the seed coat following NTP treatment. These findings suggest that NTP treatment enhances the germination performance of MYLB by promoting faster and more uniform germination, improving water uptake capacity, and modifying the seed coat surface.

One-step conversion of ethane to ethylene oxide in AC parallel plate dielectric barrier discharge

This work studied the one-step conversion of ethane (C2H6) to ethylene oxide (EO) in an AC parallel plate dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system with two frosted glass plates under ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. EO is directly produced from C2H6 in a single step without the requirement to separate and recycle ethylene. The effects of the applied voltage, input frequency, and O2/C2H6 feed molar ratio on the EO synthesis performance were examined. The results showed that a higher applied voltage and lower input frequency generated more highly energetic electrons, resulting in a higher current. More electrons collided with reactant gas molecules to initiate plasma reactions, increasing C2H6 and O2 conversions. The increased O2/C2H6 feed molar ratio enhanced C2H6 and O2 conversions. The optimum conditions were found to be an applied voltage of 7 kV, input frequency of 550 Hz, and O2/C2H6 feed molar ratio of 1:1, which demonstrated the highest EO selectivity (42.6%), EO yield (19.4%), and lowest power consumption per EO molecule produced (6.7 x 10-18 Ws/molecule).

Unraveling Temperature-Dependent Plasma-Catalyzed CO2 Hydrogenation.

Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to value-added chemicals and fuels has recently gained increasing attention as a promising route for utilizing carbon dioxide to achieve a sustainable society. In this study, we investigated the hydrogenation of CO2 over M/SiO2 and M/Al2O3 (M = Co, Ni) catalysts in a dielectric barrier discharge system at different temperatures. We compared three different reaction modes: plasma alone, thermal catalysis, and plasma catalysis. The coupling of catalysts with plasma demonstrated synergy at different reaction temperatures, surpassing the thermal catalysis and plasma alone modes. The highest CO2 conversions under plasma-catalytic conditions at reaction temperatures of 350 and 500 °C were achieved with a Co/SiO2 catalyst (66%) and a Ni/Al2O3 catalyst (68%), respectively. Extensive characterizations were used to analyze the physiochemical characteristics of the catalysts. The results show that plasma power was more efficient than heating power at the same temperature for the CO2 hydrogenation. This demonstrates that the performance of CO2 hydrogenation can be significantly improved in the presence of plasma at lower temperatures.

Simultaneous removal of Cr(Ⅵ) and tetracycline from wastewater by dielectric barrier discharge plasma coupled with TiO2/rGO/Cu2O composites: Performance and mechanism

In this study, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma combined with titanium dioxide/reduced graphene oxide/copper oxide (TiO2/rGO/Cu2O) composites for simultaneous removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(Ⅵ)) and tetracycline (TC) from wastewater were explored systematically. The TiO2/rGO/Cu2O composites were successfully prepared to improve the specific surface area and charge carrier separation rate. When Cr(Ⅵ) and TC coexist, the two pollutants have better removal efficiency without changing the initial pH. Moreover, the removal efficiency of Cr(Ⅵ) and TC could be further improved in the DBD-TiO2/rGO/Cu2O system, indicating that the TiO2/rGO/Cu2O composites also exhibited good synergistic effects with the DBD plasma. The mechanism exploration showed that the TiO2/rGO/Cu2O composite catalyst could be activated in DBD system to produce various active species by photocatalytic reaction, among which photo-generated electrons and •O2− could significantly enhance Cr(Ⅵ) reduction, while photo-generated holes and •OH could improve TC degradation. More importantly, the intermediate products obtained from TC degradation can be oxidized to •CO2− by photo-generated holes, which can also facilitate the reduction of Cr(Ⅵ). This study shows that DBD combined with TiO2/rGO/Cu2O composites are capable of simultaneous Cr(Ⅵ) reduction and TC degradation, which would provide novel ideas for practical wastewater remediation.

Evolution of the electrical characteristics of an atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge system over one hour operation

In this work, long-time operation of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) characterized by a single thin dielectric was investigated. The discharge was operated under nitrogen at atmospheric pressure in a typical filamentary regime. Electrical measurements were performed, i.e. applied voltage, current and charge were retrieved. The Lissajous figure method combined with an equivalent circuit of the DBD was used to calculate the dissipated power, estimate the gas gap voltage , evaluate the deposited charges as well as the capacitances of the discharge cell. The results over a one-hour operation indicated that the total dissipated power remained constant, but a decrease of the gas gap voltage with an increase of the charge deposited was also depicted. For the capacitances, both dielectric and cell capacitances variations were studied from the Lissajous figures. The dielectric capacitance showed a voltage dependency over half a period of applied voltage.

Dielectric barrier discharge plasma-coupled rare-earth modified Er3+-BiOI catalytic materials for degradation of organic pollutant benzohydroxamic acid in mineral beneficiation waster: Performance, degradation pathway, and its mechanism

A dielectric barrier Discharge (DBD) plasma catalytic system for synergistic degradation of benzohydroxamic acid (BHA) was established. A series of Er3+-BiOI samples doped with rare earth elements (Er3+) were prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis method. The characterization showed that Er3+-BiOI had a microglobular structure assembled by nanosheets, and the specific surface area of Er3+-BiOI was larger than that of pure BiOI. The degradation performance showed that in the DBD/Er3+-BiOI system, the highest BHA degradation efficiency reached 96.3 % with 4 % Er3+. Compared with the DBD-BiOI system and the single DBD system, the degradation efficiency of BHA increased by 9.1 % and 17.5 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the kinetic constants and cofactors were also the highest, at 3.36 and 2.88 times the DBD-BiOI system, respectively. The radical capture experiments showed ∙OH, ∙O2−, and cavities play a key role in the degradation of BHA, while O3, H2O2, e−, and H+ promote the degradation of BHA. The intermediates in the degradation of BHA were determined by LC-MS, and the possible degradation pathways of BHA were predicted. Finally, the degradation mechanism of BHA in the DBD/4 % Er3+-BiOI system was proposed.

A novel strategy of peracetic acid activation by dielectric barrier discharge plasma for bisphenol a degradation: Feasibility, mechanism and active species dominant to degradation pathway

As a typical endocrine disruptor, bisphenol A (BPA) can not only affect the reproduction and development of aquatic organisms, but also pose a significant threat to environmental safety and human health. This work proposed a novel strategy of peracetic acid (PAA) activation by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma for BPA degradation. It can be confirmed that DBD plasma can effectively activate PAA. 93.4 % BPA was destructed in the DBD/PAA system, which was 39.8 % higher than that in the DBD system alone. The energy yield (G50) of the DBD/PAA system was 211.5 g/kWh, while the single DBD system was only 59.7 g/kWh. The degradation efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) were also improved. The active substances such as OH, CH3C(O)OO, 1O2, O2−, and e− were important for the degradation of BPA in the DBD/PAA system. The pH dropped, and the total conductivity rose in the degradation processing of BPA. Three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and density functional theory (DFT) simulation were adopted to investigate the degradation mechanism and process. The toxicity of intermediates in three degradation pathways to aquatic organisms was reduced. The degradation efficiency of BPA was more effective as input power increased and initial concentration decreased. BPA was more easily degraded under acidic solutions than under alkaline and neutral solutions. In addition, the effects of typical inorganic ions and humic acids on BPA degradation in the DBD/PAA system were examined. Finally, the DBD/PAA system is suitable for the application of various pollutants and actual wastewater. This research proposes an innovative idea and reference for PAA activation and plasma application in wastewater treatment.

Interactions Between Flow Fields Induced by Surface Dielectric Barrier Discharge Arrays

This study investigates the flow field induced by a surface dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) system, known for its efficient pollution remediation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). We aim to understand the flow dynamics that contribute to the high conversion observed in similar systems using this specific SDBD design. Examining how the surface discharge affects the gas mixing in chemical processes is important for both understanding the fundamentals and for potential industrial applications. Experimental techniques, including schlieren imaging and particle image velocimetry (PIV), applied with high temporal resolution, were used to analyse the flow field. Complementary, fluid simulations are employed to investigate the coupling between streamer and gas dynamics. Results show distinct fluid field behaviours for different electrode configurations, which differ in geometric complexity. The fluid field analysis of the most basic electrode design revealed behaviours commonly observed in actuator studies. The simulation results indicate the local information about the electron density as well as different temporal phases of the fluid flow velocity field containing the development of the experimental found vortex structure, its direction and speed of rotation. The electrode design with mostly parallel grid line structures exhibits confined vortices near the surface. In contrast, an electrode design also used in previous studies, is shown to promote strong gas transport through extended vortex structures, enhancing gas mixing and potentially explaining the high conversion observed.

Effect of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Cold Plasma on the Bio-nanocomposite Film and its Potential to Preserve the Quality of Strawberry under Modified Atmosphere Packaging

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of cold plasma on the developed bio-nanocomposite film. A dielectric barrier discharge system was utilized to generate the cold plasma. The films were treated under three different times (5, 10 and 15 min) and the characteristics of the films were evaluated. The cold plasma treatment influence the thermal stability and crystallization of the films. Results showed that the mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break), water vapor permeability, oxygen transmission rate, moisture content and water contact angle characteristics were improved up to 69%, 31%, 34%, 3% and 28%, respectively by cold plasma treatment. In consequence, the average O2 and CO2 concentration of the packed strawberries decreased from 5 and 10% to 4.2% and 5.1%, respectively after 15 days. Finally, the results revealed that the mechanical properties, chemical attributes, physical characteristics and microbial activities of the samples were affected by the treated films. As a result, cold plasma modification can be applied as an effective method to maintain and preservation of fresh fruit.

Synthesis of nucleus-satellite like Ag nanoparticles based on dielectric barrier discharge system for prolonged chemiluminescence imaging of mercury ions

Noble metal nanomaterials were unique in the field of chemiluminescence (CL) because of their high catalytic activity and surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Herein, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes modified silver nanoparticles (POSS-Ag NPs) were firstly synthesized by dielectric barrier discharge system within 40 min. Amino modified POSS (AE-POSS), as both a reducing agent and protective agent, was bonded to the surface of Ag NPs to stabilized Ag NPs through the three-dimensional framework structure to form “nucleus-satellite” like structures, which specially showed enhanced CL intensity due to increased specific surface area and SPR characteristics. Subsequently, a prolonged CL signal for over 1 h by POSS-Ag NPs - luminol system happened, which could be well observed in the CL imaging. The presence of Ag0/Ag+ and O2/·O2– charge cycling transfer on the surface of POSS-Ag NPs continuously provided large amounts of catalysts (Ag0) and CL reactants (Ag+), continuously reacting with luminol to greatly prolong the CL reaction time. Significantly, due to the mercury (Hg)-Ag alloys production in Ag NPs solution to inhibit catalytic and SPR effects, this intense and long-time CL system for the specific imaging detection of Hg2+ was developed. The detection limit of this method was 3 × 10−8 M. The enhanced prolonged CL phenomenon could improve the accuracy of chemical analysis and have promising applications in CL imaging.

Tailored design of 2D MOF derived carbon boosting the low temperature plasma catalysis for water treatment: The role of graphitization and hierarchical porous structure

The application of efficient and non-polluting low-temperature plasma technology to address the growing problem of environmental pollution has received increasing attention in recent years. In this study, two-dimensional (2D) Co-ZIF (Co-ZIF-L) derived hollow carbon nanosheets (Co-HCNSs) with high graphitization rate and high porosity were designed. The advantages of structure and composition endow Co-HCNSs-9 with excellent catalytic properties. To verify the effects of graphitization and hollow structure, Co-ZIF-L derived solid carbon nanosheets (SCNSs-9) and Zn-ZIF-L derived hollow carbon nanosheets (Zn-HCNSs-9) were prepared in parallel. In low-temperature plasma applications, the degradation rate of tetracycline (TTCH) was as high as 97% within 30 min, Co-HCNSs-9/dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system improved the degradation rate of TTCH and the energy efficiency The degradation mechanism of Co-HCNSs-9/DBD was investigated by quenching experiments as a synergistic effect of hydroxyl radicals (OH), singlet oxygen (1O2) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). In addition, the effects of common anions and natural macromolecular organic compounds in the water column were investigated. Based on 3D fluorescence analysis, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and density functional theory calculations, possible degradation pathways of TTCH were proposed. Finally, the safety and environmental friendliness of the system was verified by biological toxicity tests.

DBD plasma coupling MnO2-Fe3O4-cellulose acetate films for sulfamethoxazole degradation: Insight for catalytic ozonation and Fenton effect

In this study, efficient degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) by coupling dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma and MnO2-Fe3O4-cellulose acetate (MnO2-Fe3O4-CA) film catalyst was investigated. SEM, XRD, FT-IR and XPS were carried out to confirm the successful preparation of the MnO2-Fe3O4-CA film. The optimal constitution of MnO2-Fe3O4 and CA was evaluated according to the SMX degradation under different conditions of the prepared films. When 3 % 3:1 MnO2-Fe3O4-CA films were added into the DBD system, the removal rate of SMX could reach 93.55 %. Experiments on the effect of the initial pH value of the solution indicated that the SMX degradation was better under both neutral and alkaline solution conditions. Mechanism analysis show that ·OH, ·O2− and 1O2 were involved in the degradation of SMX. The MnO2-Fe3O4-CA catalyst could burst Fenton reaction and promote ozone decomposition, and accordingly generated more reactive oxygen species (ROS) responsible for the increase of the SMX degradation. The cyclic experiments showed that film had good repeatability and stability. Four routes of SMX degradation were given according to the byproducts analysis, and the toxicity was evaluated.

Insights into catalyst-free, highly effective degradation of pharmaceutical contaminant in aqueous solution by a dielectric barrier discharge system

The emerging pharmaceutical wastewater including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has posed a serious threat to the ecological environment and human health, and therefore effective treatment technologies are being urgently needed. Herein, a novel horizontal continuous-flow dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system without catalyst was developed for the highly effective degradation of diclofenac in aqueous solution. The degradation efficiency of 10 mg/L diclofenac reached about 90% in 14 min, and the corresponding energy efficiency was 0.181 g/kWh. Furthermore, the treated water quality was evaluated in terms of TOC, BOD5/COD and toxicity. The biodegradability rapidly improved with the increasing of DBD treatment time as be expected, although the mineralization efficiency of diclofenac was still low. To gain insight into the degradation mechanism, short-lived transient and long-lived species have been identified during DBD process, in which transient species (·OH, ·O2–) were the major contribution to the oxidation of diclofenac. Furthermore, based on the intermediates identified by LC-MS, a possible degradation pathway of diclofenac by DBD system in aqueous solution was proposed. Therefore, the novel DBD reactor with horizontal continuous-flow appears to be more promising for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater in practical applications.

Controllable and tunable plasma photonic crystals through a combination of photonic crystal and dielectric barrier discharge patterns

We report five types of patterns with square symmetry, including three novel types obtained by inserting a specially designed grid photonic crystal (PC) into a dielectric barrier discharge system. They are studied using an intensified charge-coupled device camera and photomultiplier tubes. The three novel types of patterns are a square pattern with one structure, a square superlattice pattern with four sublattices and a (1/4)K grid (K grid is the basic wave vector of the grid), and another square pattern with a complex inversion discharge sequence. From the application viewpoint, the five types of patterns can be used as plasma photonic crystals (PPCs). Their band diagrams under a transverse-magnetic wave simulated by the finite element method show that there are a large number of band gaps. Compared with the original PC with only a unidirectional band gap, the five types of PPCs have tunable and omnidirectional band gaps, which is very important in controlling the propagation of electromagnetic waves in the mm-wave region. The experimental results enrich the pattern types in the dielectric barrier discharge system and provide a method for obtaining PPCs with symmetry controllability and bandgap tunability.

Characteristics of Double-Layer, Large-Flow Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Source for Toluene Decomposition

The direct decomposition of toluene-containing humidified air at large flow rates was studied in two types of reactors with dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) features in ambient conditions. A scalable large-flow DBD reactor (single-layer reactor) was designed to verify the feasibility of large-flow plasma generation and evaluate its decomposition characteristics with toluene-containing humidified air, which have not been investigated. In addition, another large-flow DBD reactor with a multilayer structure (two-layer reactor) was developed as an upscale version of the single-layer reactor, and the scalability and superiority of the features of the multilayer structure were validated by comparing the decomposition characteristics of the two reactors. Consequently, the large-flow DBD reactor showed similar decomposition characteristics to those of the small-flow DBD reactor regarding applied voltage, flow velocity, flow rate, and discharge length, thus justifying the feasibility of large-flow plasma generation. Additionally, the two-layer reactor is more effective than the single-layer reactor, suggesting multilayer configuration is a viable scheme for further upscaled DBD systems. A high decomposition rate of 59.5% was achieved at the considerably large flow rate of 110 L/min. The results provide fundamental data and present guidelines for the implementation of the DBD plasma-based system as a solution for volatile organic compound abatement.