Diarrhoea Morbidity In Children Research Articles

Disease burden and risk factors of diarrhoea in children under five years: Evidence from Kenya’s demographic health survey 2014

ObjectiveThis study aimed at examining the socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural determinants of diarrhoea in children under five years in Kenya. MethodsThe study entailed an analysis of secondary data from the Kenya Demographic Health Survey (DHS) 2014 using STATA Corp 2010. A total of 19,889 children <5 years were in the study, out of whom 2,906 had diarrhoea in the last two weeks prior to the survey. Descriptive analysis of independent variables and logistic regression model was used to analyse risk factors associated with diarrhoea in children <5 years. ResultsThe most significant risk factors (p < 0.05) associated with diarrhoea morbidity in children <5 years were child age (AOR 2.26 95% CI 1.64, 3.11), low level of caregiver’s education (AOR 1.45 95% CI 1.11, 1.90) and unsafe disposal of children’s faeces (AOR 1.29 95% CI 1.03, 1.61). Wealthier households (AOR 0.83 95% CI 0.68, 1) were protective for diarrhoea in children <5 years. ConclusionIncreasing caregiver education, wealthier households and promoting hygienic behaviours in poor households were associated with reducing diarrhoea. Programmes aimed at reducing diarrhoea may achieve better results in targeting caregivers with children in high risk age cohorts of 6–23 months.

Factors affecting morbidity of diarrhea in children

Objectives: To know the clinical variables and nutritional status associated with morbidity of diarrhea in children under the age of 5 years. Setting: Department of pediatrics in a medical college hospital over a period of one year. Type of study: This was a prospective and observational study. Methodology: 200 randomly selected children in the age group of 6 month to 5 years admitted in indoor and attending Pediatric department OPD were included for study. A detailed medical, dietary, socio economic and immunization history was taken after informed consent along with Physical examination including anthropometry, general physical examination and systemic examination. Results: social class has a significant effect on severity of diarrhea (p<0.0003) but it does not have any significant effect on duration or prolongation of diarrhea. Stunting has no significant effect on severity and duration of diarrhea but children who are wasted and severely wasted have significantly high number of severe dehydration (p=0.0016) and prolong duration of diarrhea (p=0.0019). Higher frequency of stool have significant (p=<0.0008) effect on morbidity of diarrhea. Whereas vomiting has no significant effect on duration but has significant effect on severity of diarrhea. Children having diarrhea along with fever end’s up with longer duration of diarrhea (P=0.0411). Only 8% of Exclusively breast fed children had diarrhea for more than 14 days as compared to 22% of those who did not had exclusive breast feeding (p<0.0005) . Conclusion: Poor nutritional status, high purge rate, fever, lack of exclusive breast feeding increase the possibility of persistent diarrhea.

Etiology and epidemiology of diarrhea in children in Hanoi, Vietnam

This paper provides a preliminary picture of diarrhea with regards to etiology, clinical symptoms, and some related epidemiologic factors in children less than five years of age living in Hanoi, Vietnam. The study population included 587 children with diarrhea and 249 age-matched healthy controls. The identification of pathogens was carried out by the conventional methods in combination with ELISA, immunoseparation, and PCR. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined by MIC following the NCCLS recommendations. Of those with diarrhea, 40.9% were less than one year old and 71.0% were less than two years old. A potential pathogen was identified in 67.3% of children with diarrhea. They were group A rotavirus, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Shigella spp, and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, with prevalences of 46.7%, 22.5%, 4.7%, and 7.3%, respectively. No Salmonella spp or Vibrio cholerae were isolated. Rotavirus and diarrheagenic E. coli were predominant in children less than two years of age, while Shigella spp, and enterotoxigenic B. fragilis were mostly seen in the older children. Diarrheagenic E. coli and Shigella spp showed high prevalence of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Children attending the hospitals had fever (43.6%), vomiting (53.8%), and dehydration (82.6%). Watery stool was predominant with a prevalence of 66.4%, followed by mucous stool (21.0%). The mean episodes of stools per day was seven, ranging from two to 23 episodes. Before attending hospitals, 162/587 (27.6%) children had been given antibiotics. Overall, more children got diarrhea in (i) poor families; (ii) families where piped water and a latrine were lacking; (iii) families where mothers washed their hands less often before feeding the children; (iv) families where mothers had a low level of education; (v) families where information on health and sanitation less often reached their households. Group A rotavirus, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Shigella spp, and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis play an important role in causing diarrhea in children in Hanoi, Vietnam. Epidemiological factors such as lack of fresh water supply, unhygienic septic tank, low family income, lack of health information, and low educational level of parents could contribute to the morbidity of diarrhea in children.

Indicadores epidemiológicos aplicáveis a estudos sobre a associação entre saneamento e saúde de base municipal

É relativamente recente no país a prática da vigilância ambiental em saúde, sendo que a vigilância da qualidade da água para consumo humano, parte integrante da vigilância ambiental em saúde, ressente-se de estudos e pesquisas que forneçam suporte científico à formulação de instrumentos para a prática de tal vigilância. Nesse campo, a formulação e seleção de indicadores epidemiológicos constituem atividade essencial para representar os efeitos da insuficiência das ações de saneamento sobre a saúde humana e, portanto, como ferramenta para a vigilância e orientação de programas e planos de alocação de recursos em saneamento. O presente artigo é parte de um trabalho mais abrangente, elaborado para selecionar indicadores sanitários como sentinelas na prevenção e controle de doenças e agravos relacionados ao saneamento. Neste artigo são enfocados os indicadores epidemiológicos utilizados naquele estudo, apresentando a revisão bibliográfica, resultados da estatística descritiva desses indicadores, a discussão e conclusões sobre os indicadores epidemiológicos mais apropriados para serem utilizados emestudos dessa natureza. Destacam-se, como indicadores convenientes, a mortalidade infantil, a mortalidade até cinco anos por doenças diarréicas e a morbidade até cinco anos por doenças diarréicas com base na MDDA - monitorização de doenças diarréicas agudas.

Cyclic lymphoma with attenuated apoptosis

This study aimed at examining the socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural determinants of diarrhoea in children under five years in Kenya.The study entailed an analysis of secondary data from the Kenya Demographic Health Survey (DHS) 2014 using STATA Corp 2010. A total of 19,889 children <5 years were in the study, out of whom 2,906 had diarrhoea in the last two weeks prior to the survey. Descriptive analysis of independent variables and logistic regression model was used to analyse risk factors associated with diarrhoea in children <5 years.The most significant risk factors (p < 0.05) associated with diarrhoea morbidity in children <5 years were child age (AOR 2.26 95% CI 1.64, 3.11), low level of caregiver’s education (AOR 1.45 95% CI 1.11, 1.90) and unsafe disposal of children’s faeces (AOR 1.29 95% CI 1.03, 1.61). Wealthier households (AOR 0.83 95% CI 0.68, 1) were protective for diarrhoea in children <5 years.Increasing caregiver education, wealthier households and promoting hygienic behaviours in poor households were associated with reducing diarrhoea. Programmes aimed at reducing diarrhoea may achieve better results in targeting caregivers with children in high risk age cohorts of 6–23 months.