Use Of Diapers Research Articles

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR RISIKO YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN RUAM POPOK PADA BAYI DAN BALITA DI KELURAHAN TANJUNG BUNTUNG

Background: Diaper rash (diaper dermatitis) is an inflammatory eruption in the area covered by diapers. The usual initial symptoms of diaper rash are mild redness in the area around the use of diapers that is limited in nature accompanied by abrasions or minor wounds on the skin, shiny, sometimes similar to burns and wetness, red spots and swelling in the area most exposed to diapers. Method: This study is an observational analytic study using a cross sectional approach conducted in Tanjung Buntung Subdistrict, the work area of the Tanjung Buntung Health Center, Batam City in December 2023. The sampling technique was accidental sampling technique with a total sample size of 60 respondents. The data analysis used was univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test Result: From the results of the study, it was found that the type of diaper, frequency of changing diapers, and diarrhea had an association with the incidence of diaper rash. The results of the Chi-Square statistical test obtained a p value for the type of diaper with the incidence of diaper rash 0.036 (<0.05), the p value for the frequency of changing diapers with the incidence of diaper rash 0.042 (<0.05), and the p value for diarrhea with the incidence of diaper rash 0.000 (<0.05). Conclusion: Based on this study, there is a relationship between diaper type, frequency of diaper changing, and diarrhea with the incidence of diaper rash in infants and toddlers in Tanjung Buntung Subdistrict. Keywords: Diapers, Diarrhea, Diaper Rash

Reducing Disposable Diaper Waste: Protocol for a Behavioural Science Workstream

Disposable diapers contribute to the generation of plastic waste globally, with more than 8 million tonnes of diapers ending up in landfills or incinerated each year. One strategy for reducing this waste while maintaining child and parent health and well-being is to increase reusable diaper use and reduce delays in toilet training. We outline a protocol for applying behavioural science to understand the factors influencing these behaviours and to generate intervention recommendations. The research will be conducted in two stages. Stage 1 involves semi-structured interviews and surveys, guided by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model, to explore factors influencing reusable diaper use and toilet training at 18–30 months. Data will be analyzed using quantitative (regression and ANOVA) and qualitative (deductive and inductive) methods. Stage 2 involves triangulating findings to identify key barriers and enablers. Intervention frameworks (Behaviour Change Wheel and BCT Taxonomy) will help identify potential behaviour change intervention strategies to target key barriers and enablers identified within COM-B domains. Interventions will be presented to multidisciplinary stakeholders and nominal group technique process will be used to agree on the most promising, feasible, and acceptable options for development and piloting. The findings will help generate recommendations for supporting UK government policy and practice change in this area.

EFEKTIVITAS HYDROGEL LIDAH BUAYA (ALOE VERA) TERHADAP RUAM POPOK (DIAPERS RASH) PADA BAYI 0 – 12 BULAN

Diaper rash occurs in approximately 25% of all babies born worldwide, with 6,840,507,000 experiencing diaper rash due to the use of diapers. The main causes of diaper rash are the growth of fungi and bacteria. Diaper rash can be treated using non-pharmacological therapy, one of which is the use of aloe vera gel. The purpose of this study is to prove the effectiveness of aloe vera gel in healing diaper rash in babies aged 0-12 months. This research was conducted in Kediri City from January to March. The sample in this study consisted of 36 baby respondents aged 0-12 months using random sampling. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. The intervention group was given aloe vera hydrogel, while the control group was given zinc oxide ointment, then measured using the diaper dermatitis grading scale score. This study used the repeated measures ANOVA test. The results showed an average difference of 0.750 in the intervention group and 0.584 in the control group. It was shown that the effectiveness of healing diaper rash in the intervention group was 51.02%, and in the control group, it was 41.13%. Data analysis with a P-value < 0.05 indicated a difference in healing between the administration of zinc oxide and aloe vera in reducing diaper rash scores. The administration of aloe vera hydrogel is significantly effective in healing diaper rash in babies aged 0-12 months. Future research could use a narrower age range of babies.

Point prevalence and risk factors for pressure ulcers in hospitalized adult patients: a cross-sectional study.

To estimate the point prevalence of and risk factors associated with the development of pressure ulcers at a university hospital in Brazil. This study was conducted on 196 participants using a structured questionnaire, physical examination of the skin, and the Braden scale. The Mann-Whitney U, χ2, or Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the participants and the associations of variables with pressure ulcers. A modified multivariate Poisson regression model was built considering the presence of pressure injuries and the independent variables. The point prevalence of pressure ulcers was 10.71% and was significantly associated with less than 12 years of schooling (p=0.0213), use of antihypertensive drugs during hospital stay (p=0.0259), diagnosis of systemic hypertension (p=0.0035), and diabetes mellitus. Lower scores on the Braden scale (p=0.0001) were positively associated with the presence of pressure ulcers. Furthermore, cardiovascular disease (p=0.0267) and diaper use (p=0.0001) were associated with the presence of pressure ulcers. Moreover, they were also associated with prolonged hospital stay, advanced age, less than 12 years of schooling, use of antihypertensive drugs, hypertension, diabetes, and lower Braden scale scores. Health professionals should be aware of the risk factors associated with pressure ulcers, evaluate patient skin daily, and offer prevention. Our findings support the need to allocate resources for the prevention and treatment of pressure injuries.

Development of wearable textile-based moisture sensor for smart diaper applications and examination of its comfort properties

Urinary incontinence stands as a prevalent challenge encountered among elderly and sick individuals, necessitating the use of diapers for management. Despite existing systems that offer indicators for timely diaper changes upon wetness detection, there remains a demand for the development of wearable, facilely manufacturable, and unobtrusive solutions. Thus, this study presents the fabrication of wearable and flexible moisture sensors utilizing a pad printing technique employing silver and silver/nickel inks. Varied sintering processes with differing pass numbers were employed in sensor fabrication, subsequently subjecting them to evaluation for conductivity and surface morphology. Further, controlled applications of distilled water and artificial urine solutions were administered onto sensors integrated diapers to simulate urinary incontinence scenarios. When the sensors were exposed to the artificial urine solution, sensors’ resistance changes were more noticeable according to the water. Comparative analyses revealed that 5 pass silver sensor exhibited superior performance relative to other sensor configurations investigated. Ultimately, through physical testing, a comparative assessment between sensorless and sensor-integrated diapers was conducted, with findings indicating the promising potential of sensor-integrated diapers in enhancing user comfort and usability.

Prevention of diaper rash in newborns and children under 1 year old: results of a clinical study

Introduction. Modern preventive measures of skin diseases aim to maintain the protective skin barrier. The area that comes in direct contact with the diaper becomes excessively wet, the corneous layer is damaged, which results in a weakened barrier function of the epidermis and the occurrence of an inflammatory process, diaper dermatitis.Aim. To study the clinical efficacy and safety of the use of disposable diapers and pull up pants in full-term and premature infants from birth to 1 year of age to prevent diaper dermatitis.Materials and methods. A total of 45 full-term and premature children under 1 year old with various diseases, including skin eruptions in the area covered by the diaper were included in the study. The proposed care products were used for 14 days on the strict condition that they would be reapplied after defecation and during hygiene procedures in a timely manner. The skin status was assessed visually by a paediatrician from Day 1 to 14 of the study using the M. Odio skin assessment scale.Results. The M. Odio scale evaluation of the skin around waist, buttocks, genitals, anal region, and inguinal folds in all children on Days 1, 7 and 14 showed 0 scores. No adverse events were reported during assessment of the skin status over 14 days of the use of care products.Discussion. The observations were consistent with the previously published data demonstrating that maintenance of the functional characteristics of the skin in the area covered by the diaper and exposed to faecal and urinary enzymes, elevated temperature and humidity prevented the development of diaper dermatitis and skin diseases.Conclusion. No signs of diaper dermatitis were detected in all 45 full-term and premature children under 1 year old, including children with various diseases, during 2 weeks of application of disposable Tanoshi Premium diapers and pull up pants in clinical practice. This fact proves the safety and good tolerance of disposable diapers by children under 1 year old provided that the skin care requirements were met. Tanoshi Premium diapers and pull up pants can be recommended for babies of different ages and body weights, including those with diaper dermatitis.

Assessment of quality of life in patients with neurogenic bladders who undergone urinary system reconstruction (Mitrofanoff).

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the additional contribution of the Mitrofanoff channel to health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Between 2005 and 2009, we conducted a retrospective study on 10 pediatric patients who underwent Mitrofanoff surgery for neurogenic bladder and 11 control patients using urethral catheterization. We evaluated HRQoL using questionnaires tailored for various age groups, with higher scores indicating better QoL. The mean age in the patient group was 12.8 years and 10.7 years in the control group (p = 0.103). Shunt use and wheelchair dependency were similar between groups (p = 0.217 and p = 0.505, respectively). Diaper use showed no significant difference (p = 0.256). Notably, 50% of the patient group performed self-catheterization compared to 9.1% in the control group, a significant difference (p = 0.038). Prophylaxis application was significantly higher in the control group (p = 0.049). HRQoL scores were not significantly different between surgery and control groups in children (p = 0.251) and adolescents (p = 0.831), with Cronbach's α values indicating high reliability of the HRQoL scale. Although the procedure shows potential in enhancing independence, particularly in self-catheterization, the impact on overall HRQoL is not significantly different from the control group.

Disposable Diapers in Infancy and Their Potential Detrimental Impact on Male Fertility in Adulthood

The overall human fertility rate has been continuously declining across the globe for a number of reasons. This review summarizes data, which proposes that the use of disposable diapers for newborns and infants may incur reproductive harm in adulthood. More than 70 years ago, a disposable synthetic waterproof baby diaper was developed, mainly to reduce the burden of working mothers. Modern diapers feature the same original design, which contains one unit of disposable material wrapped around the perineum to collect urine and feces. This design results in an increase in internal area temperatures by 2-4 °C, which can be detrimental to the function and development of reproductive cells. Moreover, the standard diaper template promotes the free passage of feces, including fecal bacteria, to the genitals, which can lead to urogenital infection and reproductive impairments. The available clinical data suggest that diaper use during infancy may have a negative impact on fertility after puberty. There is a critical need for additional studies to better assess the impact of diapers on reproductive health.

Bibliometric Analysis of Community Acceptance towards Reusable Diapers

This research aims to elucidate the development of studies on public acceptance of reusable diapers and their relevance. A quantitative descriptive approach and bibliometric analysis were employed to achieve this objective. Data were collected from Semantic Scholar, Crossref, and Google Scholar. The collected articles were subsequently processed and analyzed using VOSviewer. The research results reveal that four primary topics are pertinent to society's acceptance of reusable diapers: societal behavior and acceptance of disposable diapers and measures to address diaper rash; causes of diaper rash in newborns and the severity index of dermatitis; prevention of diaper rash in infants through personal hygiene practices; and the risks associated with diaper use in toddlers. The transition from disposable to reusable diapers is crucial due to its significant environmental and health benefits, particularly in reducing the incidence of diaper rash. The study implies further research on mothers' acceptance of reusable diapers in Indonesia, encompassing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors.

Disposable diaper consumption in sub-Saharan Africa: Estimating the risks of associated unsafe waste

Disposable diaper use is widespread in many low- and middle-income countries whilst waste collection services are scarce. Despite the potential environmental and public health impacts of disposable diaper consumption by households lacking waste services, an international system for monitoring such consumption is lacking. This study therefore aims to develop and evaluate a method for estimating disposable diaper use based on secondary data, specifically nationally representative household expenditure surveys. Disposable diaper expenditure reported via household expenditure surveys for Nigeria (from 2018–19), Kenya (2015–16) and Ghana (2016–17) was used to estimate national disposable diaper consumption among households lacking waste collection services. To assess plausibility of reported expenditure, consumption-smoothing was examined, and Receiver Operating Curve analysis was used to infer mean toilet-training age. In Ghana, Kenya and Nigeria, households lacking appropriately managed waste services consumed an estimated 19 million, 210 million and 285 million disposable diapers per year (292 child/year, 433 child/year and 59 child/year among nappy-consuming households), respectively. Mean toilet-training ages were 24 to 30 months. Disposable diaper purchasing patterns showed evidence of consumption-smoothing among poorer households. Where commodity coding allows, household expenditure surveys can be used to construct internationally comparable indicators depicting disposable diaper consumption among households lacking waste services. Such indicators could be used to advocate for accelerated diaper product innovation, and target areas with high disposable diaper consumption but low waste service coverage.

Knowledge on Use of Diaper and Its Impact on Child Health among Mothers of Infants

The present study aims to assess the knowledge on use of diaper and its impact on child health among mothers of infants. The objectives of the study was to assess the knowledge on use of diaper and its impact on child health among mothers of infants and to find out the association between the knowledge onuse of diaper and its impact of child health among the mothers of infants and selected socio personal variables. Non experimental descriptive study design was used in the study. The data was collected by using a semi structured questionnaire. The collected data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result shows that out of 50 samples majority of the children are of age range 0-2 months, 52% were male children and was first born (54%). Majority of the sample are at age group 26-30 years ( 36%) , 58% samples are educated upto graduate level, 42% of samples were housewives and 48% have family income above 30,000, 94% of children were using disposable diapers ,42% of children using diapers for 3-4 hours and 80% children had no exposure to diaper rash.Among the samples, 56% of mother had moderate knowledge, 34% of mothers had poor knowledge and, 10% of mothers had good knowledge. There is significant association between the age of mother and occupation of mother and there is no association between age of child, sex of child, birth order of child, education of mother, income of family, type of diaper used, duration of diaper used, previous exposure to diaper rash.

Evaluating Knowledge of Mothers With 0–24 Month Babies on Management and Preventive Measures for Diaper Dermatitis in Makka Region, Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Diaper dermatitis (DD) or nappy rash is characterized by the presence of skin erosion and reddishness caused by the prolonged exposure of the diapered area to urine and feces, commonly observed in babies or infants. The incidence of DD is found to be higher among children between the ages of 0 and 12 months. DD can cause an alteration in eating and sleeping patterns, increased crying, anxiety, and emotional stress. Aim: The present study is aimed at measuring the knowledge of the mothers with infants from 0 to 24 months about the management and preventive aspects of DD in the Makka region of Saudi Arabia. Results: The results of the present study showed that 59% of mothers present in the Makka region had good knowledge about the prevalence and management of DD. The findings of the study suggested that the age of the baby, gender, frequency of changing diapers, use of disposable diapers, cleaning, and treatment are related to the prevalence of DD. The socio-economic and demographical characters (age of mother (P<0.05) and educational of mother (P<0.0001)), number of children, age of child (P <0.05), use of diaper (P <0.05), type of diaper (P<0.05), cleaning and drying method (P<0.0001), treatment aspect (P<0.005) and introduction to solids (P<0.0001) are found to influence the knowledge of mother. Conclusion: Although most mothers were educated on DD, it is important to impart knowledge to parents and caretakers about the management, hygiene practices, and preventive measures of DD.

A large cross sectional study on diaper utilization and beneficial role in outdoor activity and emotions among incontinence elderly people

This study was designed based on a cross-sectional investigation conducted Shanghai, China. Demographic characteristics, diaper utilization, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and emotion were collected by Unified Needs Assessment Form for Elderly Care Questionnaire. Cognition function was assessed by Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) scale. Multivariate logistic regression was used for statistical analysis. The diaper utilization rate was 31.2%. Female, higher level of education, poorer ADL and cognition, more severe incontinence and financial dependence on others were facilitating factors for diaper usage (P < 0.05). The possibility of using diaper differed according to the intimacy of caregivers. Among incontinent individuals with relatively good ADL and cognition level, diaper utilization can significantly decrease the risk of going out only once a month (OR: 2.63 vs 4.05), and going out less than once a month (OR: 5.32 vs 6.53). Incontinence people who going out at least once a week had a lower risk of some negative emotion. Significantly, diaper utilization further decreased this risk. In conclusion, for incontinence elderly people with relatively independent ability, proper use of diaper may improve the frequency of outdoor activity and emotion. Nevertheless, diaper utilization should be decided based on elderly people’s own will.

A study on the falls factors among the older adult with cognitive impairment based on large-sample data.

This study explored the correlative factors of falls among the older adult with cognitive impairment, to provide distinct evidence for preventing falls in the older adult with cognitive impairment compared with the general older adult population. This study was based on a cross-sectional survey, with an older adult population of 124,124 was included. The data was sourced from the Elderly Care Unified Needs Assessment for Long-Term Care Insurance in Shanghai. Binary and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted sequentially on the correlative factors of falls. Multivariable logistic regression was performed on variables that were significant, stratified by cognitive function levels. The incidence of fall in the past 90 days was 17.67% in this study. Specific variables such as gender (male), advanced age (≥80), residence with a elevator (or lift), mild or moderate disability, quality of sleep (acceptable/poor) were negatively correlated with falls, while higher education level, living alone, residence with indoor steps, unclean and untidy living environment, MCI or dementia, chronic diseases, restricted joints, impaired vision, and the use of diaper were positively correlative factors of falls. Comparing with older adult with normal cognitive functions, older adult with dementia faced a higher risk of falling due to accessibility barrier in the residence. For general older adults, less frequency of going outside and poor social interactions were positively correlated with falls, while for older adult with cognitive impairments, going outside moderately (sometimes) was found positively correlated with falls. Older adults with cognitive impairments have increased fall risks associated with chronic diseases, restricted joints, and the use of diaper. The risk of falling escalated with the greater number of chronic diseases. For older adult with cognitive impairments, it is advisable to live with others. Additionally, creating an accessible living environment and maintaining the cleanness and tidiness can effectively reduce the risk of falls, particularly for those with MCI or dementia. Optimal outdoor activity plans should be developed separately based on the cognitive function of older adults. Older adult with dementia who have comorbidities should be paid special attention in fall prevention compared to the general older adult population.

THE PROPOSED BAN OF DISPOSABLE BABY DIAPERS IN ZIMBABWE: VIEWS FROM OLD SENGA RESIDENTS, IN THE CITY OF GWERU, ZIMBABWE

The study aimed to establish the views of residents of Old Senga, City of Gweru, on the proposal by the government to ban disposable baby diapers in Zimbabwe. Soiled disposable baby diapers have become an environmental nuisance. The issue of whether diapers should be banned or not has generated a contentious debate in the country. This qualitative study was conducted in Old Senga, a high-density residential suburb of the City of Gweru, Zimbabwe. A questionnaire survey, interviews and observations were employed to gather information. Purposive sampling was used in the selection of participants. The study established that there were mixed feelings concerning the proposed ban on baby diapers. Proponents of the government’s intention felt that most nursing mothers were ignorant regarding how to dispose of soiled diapers. Opponents of the ban felt that nursing mothers should move with the times and use disposable diapers, as the use of cloth diapers was old-fashioned. The study concluded that disposable baby diapers were now a permanent feature, particularly in urban settings. The study, therefore, recommends that producers of diapers should include instructions on environmentally friendly disposal methods for soiled diapers. Mothers should be encouraged to dispose of soiled diapers in an environmentally friendly manner.

Urinary incontinence among women in sub-Saharan Africa – an overview

Urinary Incontinence, the uncontrolled or involuntary loss of urine, is a prevalent condition among women that is frequently underdiagnosed and underreported, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The social stigma attached to urinary incontinence contributes to low presentation rates for care, and the help-seeking behavior of SSA women with urinary incontinence in this region. Thus, the occurrence of urinary incontinence imposes a considerable burden on women in SSA, leading to physical, social, and psychological complications. A multitude of challenges, such as limited availability of urogynaecological facilities, corruption, etc, have collectively contributed to the scarcity of information on how to manage urinary incontinence in this region. The commonplace management of urinary incontinence is the use of adult diapers, mostly among older women in this region. While it is essential to carry out more research to comprehend the impact of urinary incontinence on women in Sub-Saharan Africa and to promote awareness of medical and surgical interventions; It is recommended that the governing bodies of these regions enhance their endeavors to provide essential facilities and training a skilled workforce to manage this condition at a subsidized cost.

Correlation between use of disposable diapers and phimosis incidence in children at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan

Correlation between use of disposable diapers and phimosis incidence in children at H. Adam Malik Hospital Medan

Exploring Patients' Perspectives on Late Complications after Colorectal and Anal Cancer Treatment: A Qualitative Study.

Patients often experience late complications following treatment for colorectal and anal cancer. Although several measurement tools exist to classify the severity of these symptoms, little is known about how patients personally experience and adapt to these complications. This study aimed to investigate patients' experiences and coping strategies in relation to these symptoms. We conducted an explorative qualitative interview study to gather data. Our findings revealed two main categories: How patients react after treatment for colorectal and anal cancer, and Experienced symptoms. Additionally, we identified four sub-categories: the period after discharge, coping strategies, stool symptoms, and other symptoms. Patients commonly feel abandoned once their surgical and oncological treatments are completed. It is typical for patients to turn to the internet for guidance on managing late complications, despite being aware that evidence-based options are limited. Stool-related issues significantly impact patients' personal and professional lives, requiring constant preparedness for accidents, the use of diapers, and the need for extra clothing at all times. Furthermore, patients experience additional troublesome symptoms such as urinary incontinence, fatigue, pain, and sexual dysfunction, which further affect their daily lives. Patients experience multiple problems after colorectal cancer surgery, and this warrants more focused attention.

Insights into baby disposable diapers sustainable application

The sustainable use of baby disposable diapers is one of the issues currently being discussed to reduce the undesirable impact on the environment and improve the public's understanding of the proper use of diapers. This issue is a step toward promoting a cleaner, greener, and waste-less environment. In this article, the authors discuss options for a viable future for both people and the planet. We believe that it inspire others in the field of sustainable use of diapers as well as future education in this area. In addition, we believe that it will be a motivation for a researchers working in industry to be focused on the production of new, biodegradable baby diapers as well as on recycling baby diapers waste (for example as composite material for a structural and architectural component of the building).

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Personal Hygiene Products: The Implications for Human Exposure and Emission to the Environment.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been related to reproductive toxicity in humans, but their occurrence in some specific personal hygiene products, i.e., sanitary pads, panty liners, tampons, paper diapers, menstrual cups, and bactericidal liquids, has not been extensively studied. This work investigated 31 representative PFAS in six categories of such personal hygiene products (n = 91). Perfluorinated carboxylic acids were the primary PFAS found in the samples, accounting for over 85% of the total concentrations of PFAS. Paper diapers contained the highest sum of PFAS concentrations (64.6 ng/g) followed by sanitary pads (52.3 ng/g) and menstrual cups (21.1 ng/g). The estimated exposure doses of perfluorooctanoic acid through dermal absorption from the use of menstrual cups and paper diapers for infants (adults) were 0.77 and 2.1 (1.2) ng/kg-bw/day, which contributed more than normal dust ingestion. The estimated emission of paper diapers and sanitary pads into the environment was 2.58 and 322 kg/year with an assumed leaching rate of 100%. The potential exposure of PFAS through the use of personal hygiene products observed in this work suggests a previously unreported exposure pathway of these chemicals to humans.