Diamond Shamrock Research Articles

(Vittorio de Nora Award) Electrolytes: Discovery to Fundamentals, and Fundamentals to Discovery

I am humbled to be among the prominent scientist, engineers, and inventors who have been past ECS Vittorio De Nora Awardees. I have met with Professor De Nora on several occasions, and will share some anecdotes of these encounters throughout my presentation and give some historical perspectives. As you can imagine, because of my personal encounters with Professor De Nora and my long-time affiliation with the ECS, this Award is special to me. In this presentation I will talk about three different types of electrolyte systems that we have addressed over the years.One of my earlier projects was researching the performance factors of the all iron flow battery. This approach to energy storage was actually a direct outcome of Professor De Nora’s push to develop a large flow battery at the Diamond Shamrock Corporation. The effort was driven by the need for large-scale energy storage for power plant load leveling. Of course, the motivation of the all iron approach was that it is a simple redox system with the prospective for low cost and sustainable reactants. We published our experimental findings in 1981 in JES1. After a long hiatus of work on this system, it started to become of interest again about a decade ago with labs and companies pursuing this chemistry. We then introduced the concept of a slurry electrode for the all-iron flow battery, and pursued its development. The slurry electrode/electrolyte system facilitated the design to separate power capacity from energy capacity. I will talk about some of the key experimental observations and analysis with the slurry electrode, and the future prospects for an all-iron slurry energy storage system.The second system I will discuss is the proton conducting high temperature polymer membrane of PBI doped with phosphoric acid, which we introduced in the early 1990s2. Similar to the discovery of the DSA electrode invented by Henri Beer (1980 Vittorio De Nora Awardee) which De Nora is credited for commercializing, the PBI/PA system is an example of chance discovery. The PBI/PA discovery motivated several decades of research, and now is a commercial product. I will tell the story about the origin of the concept (with Professor Ernest Yeager, the 1995 Vittorio De Nora Awardee) and its discovery, and then summarize some of the advances made over the years.Finally, I will talk about the most recent research on electrolytes that I am involved in. There has been a long standing need for advancing the fundamental science for the discovery of new electrolytes for electrochemical energy storage systems including redox flow batteries and electrochemical capacitors; and also for electrochemical processes and devices such as energy conversion, metal deposition, separations and sensors. For example, by specifically designing new electrolytes with higher concentrations of electrochemically active species, low flammability and tunable transport properties, substantial improvements could be realized in (i) energy and power density, (ii) safety and reductions in environmental impact, and (iii) performance of energy storage systems. Our current research focus is on developing the fundamental underpinnings of three materials approaches: deep eutectic solvents (DESs), microemulsions, and nanoparticle organic hybrid materials (NOHMS). I will describe these three materials systems which have molecular and messo-scale structure that influence transport and interfacial properties. The goal of our activity is to develop an understanding of (i) structure-property relationships, (ii) transport mechanisms, (iii) interfacial electrode-electrolyte structure and its evolution, (iv) electron and ion transfer reactions in these structured materials systems, and (v) how these structures and properties can be tailored at the atomistic level to advance performance in electrochemical energy storage systems and electrochemical processes. In order to accomplish this goal, we have assembled a research team consisting of key researchers, students, and postdocs from seven academic institutions and one national lab, all having unique and specialized expertise and facilities. This team forms the DOE Emerging Frontier Research Center on Breakthrough Electrolytes for Energy Storage (EFRC-BEES)3. In this talk, I will address a couple of the approaches we are taking and what we learned about these materials systems as electrolytes4.Finally, I would like to thank the many colleagues and friends who have collaborated with and supported me over the past four to five decades, and especially all of my students and postdocs that I had the pleasure to work with.

Fingerprinting 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin contamination within the lower Passaic River.

The lower Passaic River is an operable unit of the Diamond Alkali Superfund site at 80 and 120 Lister Avenue in Newark, New Jersey, USA. Between 1948 and 1969, the Diamond Shamrock Chemicals Company and its predecessors manufactured chemicals such as pesticides and phenoxy herbicides, including 2,4,5-trichlorophenol, which is a precursor to 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, one of the primary components used to make the military defoliant Agent Orange. A by-product of this manufacturing process was 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD), and the site is considered the dominant source of 2,3,7,8-TCDD to the lower Passaic River and its environs. Several investigators have identified the ratio of 2,3,7,8-TCDD to total TCDD as a fingerprint for the site source. The present study presents data that establish polychlorinated dibenzodioxin/polychlorinated dibenzofuran (collectively, PCDD/F) congener and homolog fingerprints of soil and sump samples from the site. It then compares those fingerprints to the PCDD/F congener and homolog patterns in lower Passaic River sediments. The similarity of the patterns in lower Passaic River sediments to the site fingerprint indicates the site is the dominant source of the 2,3,7,8-TCDD in sediments within approximately the lower 14 miles of the lower Passaic River, excluding, for the purposes of the present discussion, Newark Bay. In addition, PCDD/F congener data indicate that the ratio of 1,3,7,8-TCDD to 2,3,7,8-TCDD is another marker of the site and corroborates the findings from the other fingerprints. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:1485–1498. © 2015 The Authors. Published by SETAC.

Environmental fate and toxicology of chlorothalonil.

Chlorothalonil is a broad spectrum, non systemic, organochlorine pesticide that was first registered in 1966 for turf grasses, and later for several food crops. Chlorthalonil has both a low Henry's law constant and vapor pressure, and hence, volatilization losses are limited. Although, chlorothalonil's water solubility is low, studies have shown it to be highly toxic to aquatic species. Mammalian toxicity (to rats and mice) is moderate, and produces adverse effects such as, tumors, eye irritation and weakness. Although, there is no indication that chlorothalonil is a human carcinogen,there is sufficient evidence from animal studies to classify it as a probable carcinogen.Chlorothalonil has a relatively low water solubility and is stable to hydrolysis.However, hydrolysis under basic conditions may occur and is considered to be a minor dissipation pathway. As a result of its high soil adsorption coefficient this fungicide strongly sorbs to soil and sediment. Therefore, groundwater contamination is minimal. Degradation via direct aqueous or foliar photolysis represents a major dissipation pathway for this molecule, and the photolysis rate is enhanced by natural photosensitizers such as dissolved organic matter or nitrate. In addition to photolysis, transformation by aerobic and anaerobic microbes is also a major degradation pathway. Under anaerobic conditions, hydrolytic dechlorination produces the stable metabolite 4-hydroxy-2,5,6-trichloroisophthalonitrile. Chlorothalonil is more efficiently degraded under neutral pH conditions and in soil containing a low carbon content.

Comments: Farewell

Editor's column For the past 17-plus years, it has been my privilege to serve as your JPT Technology Editor. After growing up in the oil patch as the son of a sales engineer for a major service company, I have spent all but a couple of years of my adult life as an oily. When I came aboard JPT, there was this idea of publishing condensed versions of SPE technical papers rather than the traditional full-length, peer-reviewed papers. The plan was to get more important technical information in front of more SPE members more quickly. That was a new type of job for me. I had spent 20 years as a petroleum engineer in reservoir and production engineering with Mesa Petroleum and Maxus Exploration (actually nearly 30 if you count my time as a well tester for Diamond Shamrock—thank you, Bud Reitman, for encouraging me to go back to school to get my PE degree). The first full year of publishing these synopses (1997), we covered 22 separate topics (coiled tubing, cementing, production operations, etc.) This year, JPT will publish synopses under 46 topics. With the help of Karen Bybee, who retired 2 years ago, and now Adam Wilson, almost 2,500 papers have been presented to you in the pages of JPT. As an SPE member before I began working at JPT, I remember how difficult it was to find and read papers of interest—most of all, there was the lack of time to read full-length papers trying to find information that I could use in my job. Now, these shortened papers present enough material for busy engineers to determine if the technologies and case studies described are of value. I especially hope that engineers read papers from disciplines other than their primary ones. I am not an educator (I tried it) but my goal at JPT always has been to spread knowledge among SPE members. And it was always my hope that these synopses would pique the interest of readers, allowing them to see the range of possibilities a technology presents and imagine new applications to challenges they were facing. When taking junior- and senior-level courses in college, we used SPE papers as much as, if not more than, textbooks to learn engineering technology and applications. Since going to work for you here at SPE, I have learned that you can use SPE papers to expand your knowledge exponentially. A great advantage of SPE is access to the breadth of technology available in the papers, from the simplest applications to the most highly technical. Almost every engineering discipline is represented here. Besides petroleum technology, information in the construction, marine, civil, structural, safety, mechanical, electrical, and other sectors is represented.

Do Gasoline Mergers Affect Consumer Prices? The Marathon Ashland Petroleum and Ultramar Diamond Shamrock Transaction

In 1999, Marathon Ashland Petroleum (MAP) acquired the Michigan assets of Ultramar Diamond Shamrock (UDS), which increased MAP’s share of terminal storage in Michigan from about 16 percent to about 25 percent and increased the share of gasoline stations bearing a MAP brand from about 16 percent to about 24 percent. In this paper, we examine whether this acquisition affected the retail price of gasoline. We use a difference‐in‐differences model to compare price movements in six Michigan cities affected by the acquisition with price movements in two nearby cities unaffected by the acquisition. Using this model, we find no evidence that this acquisition led to higher prices for consumers.

Michigan Gasoline Pricing and the Marathon - Ashland and Ultramar Diamond Shamrock Transaction

Marathon Ashland Petroleum's (MAP) 1999 acquisition of the Michigan assets of Ultramar Diamond Shamrock (UDS) increased MAP's share of terminal storage in Michigan from about 16 percent to about 25 percent and increased the share of gasoline stations bearing a MAP brand from about 16 percent to about 24 percent. In this paper, we examine whether this acquisition affected the retail price of gasoline. We use a difference-in-differences model to compare price movements in six Michigan cities affected by the acquisition with price movements in two nearby cities unaffected by the acquisition. Using this model, we find no evidence that this acquisition led to higher prices for consumers.

AGENT ORANGE MAKERS FIGHT SUIT

ATTORNEYS FOR CHEMICAL companies accused of poisoning millions of people with dioxin-tainted herbicides during the Vietnam War have asked U.S. District Court Judge Jack B. Weinstein to dismiss a class-action lawsuit filed against them by a group of Vietnamese plaintiffs. Weinstein is expected to decide in a few weeks whether the suit can proceed More than 30 companies and subsidiaries are listed in the suit, filed in January 2004, including Dow Chemical, Monsanto, Hercules, and Diamond Shamrock The lawsuit, filed by the Vietnam Association for Victims of Agent Orange/Dioxin, claims that plaintiffs' health problems stem from exposure to agent orange and other herbicides and to toxic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p - dioxin during and after the war. The suit claims that the U.S. companies knowingly provided products contaminated with dioxin and that they conspired with the U.S. government to commit war crimes and to violate international laws. Constantine N Kokkoris, an attorney for the Vietnamese plaintiffs,...

Investigative Strategies for a Large Former Industrial Facility “The Diamond Shamrock Painesville Works Site”—Case Study of Preremedial Investigation Activities

Environmental managers and regulatory managers face a complex challenge when investigating large geographic sites. The goals of the two parties seem to be diametrically opposed at times. The environmental manager wants to limit his liability both in near-term expenses and in long-term remedial costs and potential litigation. The regulatory manager wants to limit potential exposure of the public and the environment to site contamination. In many ways these goals are the same. However, it appears to the environmental manager that the regulator desires ultraconservative and extensive data collection that prove no risk, whereas it appears to the regulator that the environmental manager may be reluctant to collect such extensive data due to budget limitations. This challenge is amplified when the geographic area of interest is very large. This case study presents an alternative to this dilemma, and it reveals the preliminary steps taken at the 1100-acre Diamond Shamrock Painesville Works Site in Painesville, Ohio. The goal is to strike a balance between the approaches that would be taken by either the environmental manager or the regulatory manager and for the purpose of determining whether site conditions represent human health or environmental concerns and if certain media require remediation.

Cases in Financial Engineering: Applied Studies of Financial Innovation.

1. Financial Innovation and The Financial System. 2. Securities Innovation: A Historical and Functional Approach. CASES. 1. Financial Engineering and Debt Securities. 1.1 Arbitrage Fundamentals. Cougars. RJRCHC 1991. Arb in Government Bonds. Coca Cola--Harmless Warrants.1.2 Taxes, Regulation and Accounting: Stimuli to Innovation. Citicorp 1985. Note: Eurodollar Bond. New England Property and Casualty. Schroeders Perpetual. Metromedia.1.3 Securitization. Travelers. Note: MBS. Amex TRS Case. Lehman Case.2. Financial Engineering and Equity Securities. 2.1 Addressing Information Asymmetries. Arley. Avon PERCs. GM PERCs. ALZA series (A-B1-B2-C). British Telecom. RJR 1990. Sally Jameson.2.2 Taxes, Regulation and Accounting: Stimuli to Innovation. ARPPS. MMP. Dart and Kraft. Waste Management.3. Managing Issuers' Exposures. 3.1 Managing Issuers' Exposures. B.F. Goodrich-Rabobank. GM--Liab Management. State of CT Muni Swap. Walt Disney. Gaz de France. American Barrick. Enron.3.2 Managing Investors' Exposures. SLH (A&B). Goldman Sachs Nikkel Put Warrants. Commodity Linked Debt. Note: Commodity Futures. Fidelity Case. Diamond Shamrock Natomas. BEA Associates. LOR: Portfolio Insurance. LOR: SuperTrust.FOUNDATION NOTES. Note: U.S. Government Debt Markets. Note: Foreign Exchange. Note: FX Swaps. Note: Introduction to Options. Note: Option Pricing. Note: Contingent Claims Analysis. Note: Financial Futures. Note: Interest Rate Derivatives.

Corporate Community Responsibility: A Vision Of Partnership

Abstract The author presents a case for closer corporate-community involvement in terms of oil and gas development in the 1990s. He states that people will demand more and better project information; more participation in selected decisions such as sting, access, emergency planning, pollution control, local benefits; more information on environmental/social impacts and the mitigation of negative ones; more documentation about the need for a project; a wider discussion of compensation issues; and more of a role in monitoring project operations and in planning for their termination. The author presents a model of corporate community partnership to address these trends. Introduction This paper grows out of the work of the author's recent experiences in working with oil and gas companies, government departments and a variety of smaller to medium-sized communities. Specifically, this work has involved sour gas, heavy oil and tar sands exploration and development in Alberta; oil and gas exploration and northern benefits in the Mackenzie District of the Northwest Territories. The author's role centred on designing and carrying out community relations activities to bring government, companies, communities, and individuals into a better understanding of each other and into a better working relationship around projects. Since 1980 the author's work has taken place in the Alberta communities of Pincher Creek, Hinton, Mulhurst and a number of Pigeon Lake summer villages, Bearberry, Sundre, the Elizabeth Metis Settlement, Hythe, Fort McMurray, Fort McKay, Fort Chipewyan, Red Earth, and Grande CentreCold Lake; and the Northwest Territories communities of Inuvik, Tuktoyaktuk, Fort Norman, Norman Wells, Fort Simpson and Yellowknife. Corporate clients have included Canadian Superior Oil Ltd. (now Mobil Oil Canada Ltd.), Shell Canada Limited, Esso Resources Canada Limited, Diamond Shamrock (now Maxus Energy Canada Ltd.), Norcen Energy Resources Limited, Forest Oil Corporation, Amoco Canada Petroleum Company Ltd. Gulf Canada Resources Limited, and Canstar (Petro-Canada/Nova). Government clients have included The Northern Alberta Development Council, The Energy Resources Conservation Board, Alberta Environment, and Energy, Mines and Resources Secretariat, Northwest Territories. Community Relations Basic Assumptions The author's approach is based on several assumptions about the rights and obligations of the various participants in any oil and gas development. These assumptions include:people affected by a project need to know about and understand it;people need to have timely, quality information in a form usable to them;people need to have a way of expressing their questions and concerns relative to a project;people need to have a way to share their knowledge and experience with each other and the project developer;people need to be consulted and involved in same of the details involved in project decision-making;people need to have manageable recourse for damages or for ocher disputes;people need to be prOlectcd from any negative effects of project and to understand and participate in thm protection;people need their environment protected and sensitlvely urilized;people need to accept the responsibili[y for becoming informed and in responding to project-related issues and questions; andopportunities to participate need to be provided by all panies.

Diamond Shamrock to put chemicals on block

Diamond Shamrock to put chemicals on block

People

Following the reorganisation of Diamond Shamrock's UK operation, Diamond Shamrock Process Chemicals Ltd, Leeds, has appointed Mr. Richard J. Fletcher as sales manager. Prior to taking up this appointment, Mr. Fletcher was commercial manager of Duolite International Ltd, the ion exchange company owned by the Diamond Shamrock Corporation.

Canadian PVC producers looking to exports

When Esso Chemical Canada comes on stream—probably next month—with its 50,000 metric-ton-per-year addition to its polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plant at Sarnia, Ont., it will increase total Canadian PVC capacity 17% to 346,000 metric tons annually. More important, it will raise capacity even further above demand in Canada, which is expected to run about 200,000 metric tons this year. This, in turn, will make it even more important for Canadian PVC producers to secure export markets for their products. The burden to do this will fall especially heavily on Diamond Shamrock Alberta Gas (DSAG), the sole Canadian PVC producer in western Canada. DSAG is owned jointly by Diamond Shamrock and Nova, an Alberta Corp. Nova also owns Alberta Gas Chemicals, but operating responsibility for the DSAG PVC plant has been given to Novacor Chemicals, another Nova subsidiary formed to direct, control, and eventually own Nova's petrochemical interests. DSAG has a 100,000 metric-ton PVC plant at ...

Evaluation of Wipes and Sprays Against Face Fly and Horn Fly on Horses, 1982

Abstract Two ready-to-use 1% Permethrins (ICI, Ectiban Pour-on and Philips Roxanne, Rub-on), one 1.5% Permethrin, formulation (Burroughs Wellcome, Atroban) and a 1% water emulsion made from a 10% fenvalarate formulation (Diamond Shamrock Corp., DS 533459) were wiped on horses or sprayed onto the tails and manes of horses at 4 oz/horse. Varying numbers of horses were used for each treatment. Untreated horses and horses treated with a commercial standard Farnam’s Wi p V were used for comparison. Fly counts were made at a predetermined schedule of times until effective fly control has ended. Percent reductions were based on the zero hour counts, which were averaged from 3 pretreatment counts.

4383090 Polyepoxide curing by polymercaptans and a reaction product of amino acids or lactams with amines: Allen T. Slocki, Brian Carr, John F. Simone, assigned to Diamond Shamrock Corporation

4383090 Polyepoxide curing by polymercaptans and a reaction product of amino acids or lactams with amines: Allen T. Slocki, Brian Carr, John F. Simone, assigned to Diamond Shamrock Corporation

A novel embedding media for suspension PVC

ScanningVolume 5, Issue 3 p. 145-146 Short NoteFree to Read A novel embedding media for suspension PVC W. O. Butler, W. O. ButlerSearch for more papers by this authorV. M. Bauer, V. M. Bauer Diamond Shamrock Corporation, T. R. Evans Research Center, P. O. Box 348, Painesville, OH 44077, USASearch for more papers by this author W. O. Butler, W. O. ButlerSearch for more papers by this authorV. M. Bauer, V. M. Bauer Diamond Shamrock Corporation, T. R. Evans Research Center, P. O. Box 348, Painesville, OH 44077, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 1983 https://doi.org/10.1002/sca.4950050306AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume5, Issue31983Pages 145-146 RelatedInformation

Applying Shrink Resist Polymers to Wool Fabrics at Room Temperature Using Pad-Store Methods

Shrink-resist finishing of wool fabrics using aqueous based polymer systems is usually carried out using an energy intensive pad → dry → heat cure technique. This paper describes fabric shrink-resist finishing using the Bunte salt terminated polyether, Lankrolan SHR3 (Diamond Shamrock), by a simple pad → store (room temperature) → wash-off procedure. Advantages of the method include low energy consumption, no fiber yellowing due to the absence of high temperature treatments under alkaline conditions, and ease of post dyeing. Evidence is presented for covalent reaction of the polymer with the fiber to form mixed disulphides, improving the stability of the shrink-resist finish to such agencies as post dyeing.

Additives for paints and inks: a look at some newer products

One of the more recent additions to the range of additives from Diamond Shamrock UK Ltd., P.O. Box 1, Silk Street, Eccles, Manchester M30 OBH, are their Photomer speciality polyfunctional monomers and photocurable oligomers for use in the production of radiation curable inks and coatings.

Diamond Shamrock may buy gas retailer

Diamond Shamrock may buy gas retailer

Diamond Shamrock to sell two businesses

Diamond Shamrock to sell two businesses