Silver Diamine Fluoride Research Articles

Chemical kinetics of silver diammine fluoride in demineralization and remineralization solutions-an in vitro study.

Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) is a clinical minimal intervention to manage dentin caries. Its chemistry in demineralization conditions has been investigated widely, but far less in remineralization conditions. The aim was to investigate and compare the chemical reactions when SDF is added to remineralization and demineralization solutions. 0.01 ml SDF (Riva Star) was added to deionized water (DW); demineralization (DS = pH4) and remineralization (RS = pH7.0) solutions. The time sequence of concentrations of NH4+, F-, and Ag+ were measured using ion selective electrodes (ISEs) every 2 min. The pH was also measured. Precipitates were characterized using x-ray Diffraction (XRD) and, 31P and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). The concentrations of NH4+ and Ag+ showed decreasing trends in DW (-0.12 and -0.08 mM/h respectively), and in DS (-1.06 and -0.5 mM/h respectively); with corresponding increase in F- concentration (0.04 and 0.7 mM/h respectively). However, in RS, NH4+ concentration showed little change (0.001 mM/h), and Ag+ and F- concentrations were negligible. XRD results showed that precipitates (in RS only) contained AgCl, and metallic Ag. NMR showed that fluorapatite/carbonated fluorapatite (FAP/CFAP) were formed. The pH increased after SDF addition in all three solutions. SDF dissolved to release NH4+, F- and Ag + . In DW and DS, NH4+ combined with Ag+ to form diamminesilver, causing an increase of F- and pH. In RS, F- reacted with Ca2+ and (PO)43- to form FAP/CFAP, and Ag+ reacted with Cl- to form AgCl/Ag. These suggests why SDF is effective in managing dentin caries.

Clinical effectiveness and parental acceptance of silver diamine fluoride in preschool children: a non-randomized trial.

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) presents a promising approach in pediatric dentistry, simplifying procedures by eliminating the need for sharp instruments or anesthesia. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 38% SDF application in arresting active caries lesions in preschool children and to assess parental acceptance of the treatment. This non-randomized, prospective, single-arm clinical study included 48 children, presenting with a total of 158 active caries lesions. The lesions were treated with 38% SDF, and their characteristics, including changes in dentin color and lesion texture, were evaluated at baseline and at a 6-month follow-up visit. The rate of lesion non-progression post-SDF application was calculated. Additionally, parents completed an oral health behavior form and the Parental Perceptions of Silver Diamine Fluoride Dental Color Changes Questionnaire to assess acceptance. The study observed a high rate of caries arrest in multi-surface teeth following SDF application. There was a statistically significant improvement in parental acceptance of SDF treatment. However, no significant interaction was observed between the treatment and either child- or parent-related variables regarding parental acceptability. The application of 38% SDF effectively arrested caries lesions in preschool children, with an observed increase in parental acceptance pre- and post-treatment.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of 3.8% Silver Diamine Fluoride as a Root Canal Irrigant against Enterococcus Faecalis in Primary Teeth: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Introduction: During a pulpectomy, the infected or inflamed pulp tissues are removed, and the root canal is thoroughly cleaned with mechanical instrumentation and copious irrigation. Various endodontic irrigants are available, such as Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl), Chlorhexidine (CHX) gluconate, Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid (EDTA), Mixture of doxycycline, citric acid, and a detergent (MTAD), etc. Among these, CHX gluconate is widely used as an endodontic irrigant and medicament due to its antibacterial effect and substantivity. Enterococcus faecalis is the most common bacterial species found in necrotic teeth, with high viability and antibiotic resistance. A 3.8% Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) has antimicrobial properties and has been shown to eliminate E. faecalis from the root canals of permanent teeth. However, there are no studies in the literature that have evaluated its efficacy as a root canal irrigant in primary teeth. Aim: To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of 3.8% SDF against E. faecalis in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: This was a in-vivo double-blinded randomised clinical trial conducted at Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, GSL Dental College and Hospital, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India in children aged 3-8 years old. The study included 60 primary teeth that required pulpectomy. The teeth were divided into two groups and irrigated: 30 teeth with 3.8% SDF (Group I) and 30 teeth with 2% CHX (Group II). In all cases, two microbiological samples were taken using sterile absorbent paper points: the first after access opening and the second after the final irrigation. All samples were assessed using the agar plate method. The results were analysed statistically using a Student's paired t-test. Results: After analysing the pre- and postirrigation samples, there was a statistically significant reduction in Colony Forming Units (CFU)mL (p<0.05) in both groups. When comparing the two groups, no statistical difference was observed in the percentage reduction of bacterial colonies (p>0.05). Conclusion: The reduction in CFU/mL of E. faecalis was comparable in both groups. Thus, 3.8% SDF can be used as an alternative root canal irrigant to 2% CHX.

Antibacterial Effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride with and without Potassium Iodide against Streptococcus mutans.

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical treatment for carious lesions and a primary preventative for newly exposed high-risk surfaces such as fissures and roots in the first molars. Using potassium iodide (KI) after applying SDF has been recommended as a way of reducing the severity of black staining, as well as preserving its antibacterial effect useful in deep caries. The objective of this research was to compare the antibacterial effect of SDF, with and without KI, on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and dental biofilm. The antibacterial effects of SDF, KI, and the combination of both were measured using three different techniques (inhibition halo, minimum inhibitory effect [MIE], and colony-forming unit [CFU], testing). The results were then subjected to statistical analysis. Analyzed by means of the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, the inhibition halos yielded a value of P = 0.3309. Using the MIE test, only the SDF treatment produced an antibacterial effect, at 10%, compared to the KI group, with P = 0.001. Finally, the CFU test revealed a total absence of colonies for all three reagents. All three substances analyzed achieved total inhibition of S. mutans. SDF is effective even in its minimal commercial concentration. Its antibacterial capacity decreases with the addition of KI. The three substances analyzed at their maximum concentrations exhibited an antibacterial effect against S. mutans, resulting in total inhibition.

Nanoscale Study on Noninvasive Prevention of Dental Erosion of Enamel by Silver Diamine Fluoride.

Here, we aimed to demonstrate the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in halting dental erosion caused by dietary selection and offer a potential explanation for the underlying mechanism. We investigated the surface chemical and mechanical characteristics of human tooth enamel when exposed to Coca-Cola from 10 s to 1 h, with and without the topical treatment of SDF. We analyzed the mechanical properties by measuring the enamel surface roughness and elastic modulus using atomic force microscopy and the surface chemical composition through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses, with scanning electron microscopy as a supplementary characterization method. After 1 h of immersion in Coca-Cola, the roughness changed from 83 to 287 nm for enamel without SDF treatment and 64 to 70 nm for enamel with SDF treatment. Under the same conditions, the elastic modulus changed from 125 GPa to 13 GPa for enamel without SDF treatment and 215 GPa to 205 GPa for enamel with SDF treatment. Topical coating of SDF onto enamel formed a passivation layer composed of fluorapatite and created added fluorine flux in the system, which protected the teeth from demineralization under Coca-Cola etching, as shown by morphology and chemical composition analysis as well as roughness and modulus characterization. Applying SDF to enamel minimizes changes in chemical compositions and surface roughness while improving enamel elastic modulus.

The effect of immediate dentin sealing on the bond strength of resin composite to dentin bonded with universal bonding agent: An in vitrostudy

Background:Dentin hypersensitivity is a common scenario encountered in dental practice. This issue can be treated by reducing dentin permeability and dentinal fluid flow. However, the desensitizing agents used may adversely affect the bonding of composite restorations to dentin.Aim:To evaluate the shear bond strength of restorative composites to dentin treated with silver diamine fluoride and self-etch bonding agent bonded using a universal bonding agent.Materials and methods:A total of 30 teeth were selected, and their occlusal surfaces were ground to expose a flat dentin surface. The teeth were then embedded in cold cure resin blocks. Depending on the treatment, the samples were randomly divided into three groups, with 10 in each. The samples in the group were untreated, in group 2 were treated with Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF), and in group 3 with the sixth generation bonding agent (self-etch primer). After the treatment, the composite is bonded to the dentin surfaces and subjected to shear bond strength using the universal testing machine (UTM). The specimen was mounted on the custom-made jig and placed over the UTM. The load was applied at a cross-head speed of 1mm/min until debonding occurred at the dentin and composite interface, and the bond strength was computed in MPa. Overall comparisons were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for pair-wise comparisons, and the significance level was set at p < 0.05.Results:The lowest bond strength was observed with the dentin surfaces treated with silver diamine fluoride (Group 2), and the highest bond strength was for dentin treated with self-etchbonding agent (Group3). Significant differences (p=0.003) were observed between the groups. In pair-wise comparisons, group 3 showed significant difference with group 1 (p=0.007) and group 2 (p=0.002). However, no significant difference was observed between groups 1 and 2 (p=0.197).Conclusion:The shear bond strength varies with different desensitizing treatments. This study reported more SBS with sixth-generation bonding agent followed by untreated dentin and SDF.

Clinical, Microbiological, and Microcomputed Tomography Evaluation of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Controlling Root Carious Lesions: An in Vivo Study.

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) application without removing necrotic tissue is an applicable non-invasive measure to primary care practice and may reduce the burden of untreated root caries. This study aims to examine clinical feature change, root caries-related bacteria, and silver penetration of SDF in arresting root caries. Ten study participants with 16 root carious teeth were included in this study. The clinical characteristics of root caries lesions (plaque deposit, color, hardness, and sensitivity symptom) were recorded. Then root caries samples were collected using a spoon excavator before and 2 weeks after treated with 38% SDF. The amounts of Streptococcus mutans (S.mutans), Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii), and Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) were determined using real-time PCR. Any tooth sample scheduled for extraction was further analyzed using micro-CT, stereoscopic microscope, and FE-SEM/ EDX to determine the silver penetration. Most treated samples were darker in color, predominantly turning black (n =15, 93.8%), had increased surface hardness (n =11, 68.8%), were non-sensitive teeth (n=14, 87.5%), and were negative to air blowing (n =12, 75%). Only S.mutans had a significantly lower number of bacteria after 2 weeks (p-value = 0.041). The micro-CT analysis revealed that the silver increased the root carious lesion's density in proportion to its depth. According to a stereoscopic microscope study, silver penetration caused dark bands, appearing along the dentinal tubule toward the dental pulp. An FE-SEM analysis showed that silver was found to be densely deposited on the surface of the lesions and penetrated through the dentinal tubule into the dental pulp direction. EDX mapping confirmed that the increased density was related to silver. Based on clinical and microbiological profiles, this investigation indicated that SDF is beneficial for controlling root caries, particularly S.mutans reduction. Silver can also penetrate deep into the lesion. Key words:Microbiology, Root caries, Silver diamine fluoride, Silver ion, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Lactobacillus casei.

Biological properties of a novel solution based on silver nanoclusters for arresting dentin caries.

To test the biological properties of a novel non-restorative treatment method for arresting dentin caries based on silver nanoclusters (AgNCls) synthesized in polymethacrylic acid (PMAA). Synthesis of AgNCls was performed by photoreduction of AgNO3 in PMAA with 355 nm/wavelength light. AgNCls/PMAA was characterized by absorption/fluorescence spectroscopy and optical and atomic force microscopy. The stability of the clusters in an aerated PMAA solution was evaluated by means of fluorescence spectroscopy. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay and antibacterial effect was determined for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and colony forming (CFU) of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus). 38% Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) was used for the control groups. Chemical and structural identity of the clusters did not change within 9 months; Cell viability of 92%-89% was found after 24-48 h respectively. MIC and MBC were determined from 1:16 and 1:8 dilutions, respectively. Log CFU counts of S. mutans, and L. acidophilus treated with AgNCls/PMAA (3.4 ppm of silver) were significantly lower than in the control groups and even lower than when the same bacterial strains were treated with SDF (15,525 ppm of silver). AgNCls/PMAA presented chemical stability, acceptable cytotoxicity, and a potential antibacterial effect for strains associated with caries lesions at very low concentrations of silver.

Remineralisation Potential of Self-assembling Peptide (P11-4) Compared to Other Remineralising Agents: A Narrative Review

Dental caries is a chronic infectious disease that affects the hard tissues of the teeth, primarily the enamel. Remineralisation involves depositing minerals back into demineralised enamel, repairing the damage, and preventing the formation of caries. Self-Assembling Peptide (SAP) P11-4 is a promising new remineralisation agent that mimics the natural process of remineralising dental enamel. It is a biomimetic peptide that binds to the surface of demineralised enamel, forming a three-dimensional network that supports mineral deposition and induces the production of reparative proteins. P11-4 is still in the early stages of development, but it has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of dental caries. SAP P11-4 has been shown to be safe and effective in remineralising early carious lesions. However, there is insufficient evidence to conclude that SAP P11-4 is more effective than other remineralising agents, such as fluoride, Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP), and Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF). The present review focuses on recent studies discussing the remineralisation potential of SAP P11-4 and compares it to other available remineralising agents. Overall, the review suggests that SAP P11-4 is a promising new remineralisation agent that is effective in treating early carious lesions. However, further research is needed to compare its effectiveness to other remineralisation agents and assess its long-term efficacy.

Acceptance of the use of silver fluoride among Brazilian parents of children with special health care needs.

Children with special health care needs including Down Syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Down Syndrome experience difficulties in receiving dental treatment. Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) and Silver Fluoride (SF) are a minimally invasive treatments options to arrest dental caries without sedation; local or general anaesthesia (GA). Evaluation of Brazilian's parents' acceptance of the use of SF in CSHCN. After receiving education on SF, 100 Parents of CSHCN completed a questionnaire concerning their acceptance of SF, in different dental situation. Majority of parents (74,5%) agreed to the use of SF for their children. SF was more acceptable on posterior teeth (74,5%) when compared to its use on anterior teeth (43,1%). Parents accepted to use SF in order: to reduce infection and pain (82,4%); to avoid dental injection (72,5%) and treatment under GA (84,3%). The Majority of parents accepted the properties of SF (82,4%) and Silver (80,4%). Silver Fluoride was accepted as a treatment option for caries, by Brazilian parents of CSHCN. SF should be considered as a treatment option for caries limited to dentine for CSHCN, taking into consideration the individual needs and opinions with regard to aesthetics and exposure to fluoride and silver.

History of Silver Diammine Fluoride

History of Silver Diammine Fluoride

The effect of ozone and silver diamine fluoride combination on enamel microhardness: an in vitro study

The effect of ozone and silver diamine fluoride combination on enamel microhardness: an in vitro study

The use of silver diamine fluoride in dentistry: A literature review

The use of silver diamine fluoride in dentistry: A literature review

Clinical Findings Arising from the Use of Silver Diamine Fluoride to Prevent or Treat Caries Lesions and Dentinal Hypersensitivity: A Data Mining Analysis

Clinical Findings Arising from the Use of Silver Diamine Fluoride to Prevent or Treat Caries Lesions and Dentinal Hypersensitivity: A Data Mining Analysis

Silver Diamine Fluoride

BACKGROUND Silver diamine fluoride can be used as an intervention or treatment for active and progressing untreated carious lesion not involving the pulp among children in slums, remote areas, rural areas and other underserved and un-served communities. Silver diamine fluoride stains teeth after use and it is available in different concentrations like 10 % , 12%, 30% and 38%. METHOD An electronic literature search in African journals online and Science direct was done in September , 2023 using the Population, Concept and Context framework. Search terms and keywords were combined by Boolean operators. Two independent investigators screened titles and abstracts of publications on silver diamine fluoride use among children. Original (primary) research articles with accessible full text were included for review, while review articles, systematic reviews, viewpoints, books, letters, thesis, editorials, book chapters, dissertations, perspectives were among articles excluded during screening. Original research articles involving teeth (in-vitro studies) were also excluded during screening. RESULTS Abstract and full texts were screened using inclusion criteria by two independent investigators. One article with accessible full text was included as it was assessed to meet the inclusion criteria and aim of the review. The study design was a randomised controlled clinical trial and it was carried out in Egypt. CONCLUSION Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a simple, non-aerosol-generating, painless, non-technique sensitive treatment procedure for active carious lesion not involving the pulp. More studies from diverse ethnic population in Africa countries will fill the gaps in knowledge and add to the existing literature.

Efficacy of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Arresting Dental Caries in Primary Teeth in Patient Visiting Tertiary Hospital of Kathmandu

IntroductionCarious lesions can both be prevented and arrested using fluoride-based materials. This study was done to evaluate and compare the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride in arresting dental caries at different frequencies of applications. MethodsThis experimental study was conducted among ten preschool children of 3-5 years old with seventy-four active carious lesions taking teeth as a sample unit. Children were randomly allocated into two intervention groups: Group 1— application of 38% silver diamine fluoride solution atthree consecutive weeks and Group 2— three applications of 38% silver diamine fluoride solution at monthly interval. The time taken of caries arrest was recorded. Data were collected and entered in Microsoft Excel sheet and analysis was done in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. ResultsThe mean time taken for caries arrest for Group II (57.20 days) was found to be statistically longer than Group I (21.54 days) (p-value < 0.001). As the mean time taken for caries arrest for Group I was shorter, the weekly application was found to have higher efficacy than the monthly application. ConclusionsEfficacy of Silver Diamine Fluoride was found to be more in Group I (weekly application) compared to Group II (monthly application).

Silver Diamine Fluoride Renaissance in Paediatric Dentistry: A 24-Month Retrospective and Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Background and Objectives: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) has been incorporated into the treatment of dental caries in children, mainly in countries with high caries prevalence. In Europe, however, SDF started to gain popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of SDF and to evaluate dentists'/parents' acceptance of SDF use in paediatric patients treated in a German university setting. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of all patients treated with SDF between 2017 and 2020 was carried out. Only teeth with no reported clinical/radiographic evidence of irreversible pulpal inflammation were included. The outcome measures were success, minor failures (caries progression, reversible pulpitis) and major failures (irreversible pulpitis, abscess). The treatment acceptance by dentists and the parents of SDF-treated children was cross-sectionally evaluated using questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were performed. Results: A total of 93 patients (mean age 5.3 ± 2.9 years) with 455 treated teeth (418 primary/91.9%; 37 permanent/8.1%) were included and followed up for up to 24 months (19.9 ± 10.5 months). SDF was used for dental caries (98.2%) and hypersensitivity relief on MIH teeth (1.8%). Most teeth did not show any failure (total success 84.2%). A total of 5 teeth (1.1%) showed minor failures, and 67 teeth (14.7%) showed major failures (p = 0.001). Success/failure rates were not affected by patient compliance, gender, dentition, or operator (p > 0.05). In total, 30 questionnaires were collected from parents (mean age 36.8 ± 6.4 years). SDF was applied on anterior (n = 2/6.7%), posterior (n = 15/50%) and anterior/posterior teeth (n = 13/43.3%). At the 1-week follow-up, 80% of parents noticed black teeth discoloration. Treatment satisfaction was higher for posterior (95.2%) than for anterior teeth (36.4%; p < 0.001). In the 27 responses from clinicians, SDF was generally considered a viable option in paediatric dentistry (n = 23; 85%). Conclusions: SDF was found to be effective and well-accepted by parents and dentists for caries inactivation in a paediatric dentistry German university setting.

Acceptance of silver diamine fluoride use in community dwelling older adults, nursing home residents, and caregivers

ObjectivesTo compare the level of acceptance of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) treatment between different functional groups of older adults aged 65-years-old and above. MethodsThree groups were recruited representing functionally-independent (“Community dwelling”), frail (“Nursing home”), and functionally-dependent older adults (“Caregiver”: proxy respondent involved in caring for an older adult of all functional levels). Participants viewed a video on SDF and an interviewer-led questionnaire collected demographics, dental experience and perception on SDF use. ResultsThe study recruited 201 participants (100 “Community dwelling”, 51 “Nursing home”, 50 “Caregiver”). Overall, 73 % of participants were accepting of SDF treatment. Those in the “Community dwelling” group were most accepting (85 %), followed by the “Nursing home” group (61 %) and “Caregiver” group (60 %) (p<0.001). Participants were more accepting of SDF use on posterior (73 %) compared to anterior teeth (46 %). They were more accepting when SDF was presented as a treatment to avoid infection and pain (87 %), and general anesthesia (78 %). In a regression analysis, “Nursing home” and “Caregiver” participants were three times less likely to accept SDF (OR 0.27 [95 % CI: 0.13 to 0.60], and OR 0.27 [95 % CI: 0.12 to 0.58] respectively) compared to “Community dwelling” participants. After adjusting for other factors, only the “Caregiver” group remained significant (Adjusted OR 0.32 [95 % CI: 0.13 to 0.78]). ConclusionsOlder adults were accepting of SDF and this treatment modality has the potential to be a routine treatment option in dental caries management in this population. However, this was less certain among frail and functionally dependent older adults. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEAn SDF program to manage caries is likely to be well-received by functionally-independent older adults. However, the acceptance among frail and functionally-dependent older adults were lower even though SDF is mostly likely to benefit these populations. There is a need to investigate this relatively lower levels of acceptance.

Prospects of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in reducing dentin hypersensitivity: An updated review

Dental Hypersensitivity (DH) is a common clinical condition yet an annoying disease. Most of the time, clinicians fail to diagnose, leading to improper management and unsatisfied patients, negatively impacting their quality of life. The management involves various self-applied and in-office management modalities. This review briefly discusses several treatment options available for dentinal hypersensitivity and recommends Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) as a newer and more effective treatment option for dentinal hypersensitivity based on the available literature.

Penetration of SDF and AgF from the infected dentine towards the unaffected tooth structure.

The use of SEM-EDS line scan analysis to evaluate the movement of ions from dental materials towards the tooth structure and the concept of ion movement is well established. This analysis technique was used to determine the ion movement of two commercially available silver- and fluoride-containing products. This study aimed to compare the elemental analysis of primary molar teeth treated with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and water-based silver fluoride (AgF) and to analyse the penetration of SDF and AgF from the infected dentine towards the healthy dentine. The teeth were cleaned from debris and contaminants off the roots and stored until use. A total of 15 primary molars with large active cavitated lesions, not extending into the pulp (specimens), were divided into three test groups: silver diamine fluoride (SDF) (n = 5), water-based silver fluoride (AgF) (n = 5), and deionised water (W) (n = 5) as the control group. The teeth were sectioned, embedded, and received SEM-EDS line scans. The line scan had a total length of 82.65 μm. The visible end of the infected dentine and the start of the more affected dentine were chosen as the starting point to ensure that the infected caries' line distribution towards the affected dentine's transition area was as standardized as possible. Therefore, the infected dentine length of the scan was 22.80 μm (8 scan points of 2.85 μm apart), and the affected dentine, including the healthy dentine, was 59.8 μm (21 scan points). The SEM-EDS line scan from each specimen determined the average fluoride, iodide, and silver weight percentage for that specimen. The 15 sample SEM-EDS line scans were used to determine the average ion movement in wt%. The Kruskall-Wallis test and Tukey's HSD test were completed at a p < 0.05. SDF and AgF presented no significant fluoride movement in terms of the weight percentage. There was, however, significantly more fluoride movement from infected caries to the healthy dentine with SDF and AgF (p = 0.0010053) compared to the control specimens treated with deionised water. There was no significant difference between SDF and AgF for the movement of the iodide (p = 0.5953) and silver (p = 0.3708) from infected caries to the healthy dentine. SDF and AgF easily penetrated through infected caries and affected tooth structure to the healthy dentine for the line scan of 82.65 μm. There was no significant difference between SDF and AgF for the movement of ions within the infected dentine nor in the affected/healthy dentine.