Dialectical Approach Research Articles

DIRECTIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF PUBLIC FINANCES, STATE FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND FINANCIAL SECURITY OF PUBLIC SECTOR ENTITIES

Purpose. The aim of the article is to disclosure the theoretical and practical foundations of the modernization of information technologies in the management of public finances, state financial resources and financial security of public sector economic entities, identification of positive, negative, problematic aspects of the study and, based on them, the formulation of the main conceptual approaches, vectors of their development in the conditions of market transformations and integration of Ukraine's economy into the EU. Methodology of research. In the process of scientific analysis, a number of scientific approaches, general scientific, specifically scientific and special methods were used. The dialectical approach is based on the use of categories and laws of dialectics, the process of using information technologies in the management of public finances. The institutional approach was focused on the study of the relationship between the strategic goals and directions of their implementation in the Strategy for the Digital Development of the State Finance Management System. The comparative approach made it possible to identify similar and different features when explaining the essence of information support in the management of public finances. The system approach made it possible to consider financial resources, financial security as a whole set of individual constituent parts that interact with each other and make up a single whole. The analytical method was used in the review of the literature on the management of state financial resources. The generalization method made it possible to form conclusions and recommendations as a result of the research. Findings. The development of the public finance management system and the strategic foundations of the digital development of digital transformations and the digital system of public finance management, state financial resources and financial security of public sector economic entities, the stages of this development are considered. The interrelationship between the strategic goals and directions of their implementation in the Strategy for implementation of digital development, digital transformations and digitalization of the state finance management system for the period until 2025, as well as the interrelationship between the strategic goals and directions of implementation of the Strategy for the Reform of the State Finance Management System for 2022-2025 years. The structural and logical scheme of state financial resources management and the mechanism of financial security management of public sector economic entities are characterized. The expected results of the implementation of the strategic tasks of reforming the system of digital management of public finances and financial security are proposed. Originality. As a result of the study, the approaches to the interpretation of the essence of financial resources of the public sector, the determination of the management of public financial resources have gained further development. A refined definition of the financial security of public sector economic entities, approaches to the formation of a mechanism for managing the financial security of state financial relations entities are proposed. Practical value. The conclusions and recommendations contained in the article have a theoretical basis and practical significance. Proposals related to the organization of the management of state financial resources and the financial security of public sector economic entities, the use of new modern digital and information technologies in the process of this management can be used in the practical activities of enterprises, organizations, institutions of state and communal ownership. Key words: public sector, financial resources, financial security, economic entities, financial challenges, financial threats, financial risks, digital transformations, information technologies.

Философское осмысление страха как основы человеческого существования

The study is relevant due to the fact that the life of a modern person is permeated with fears, both real and virtual. A person cannot imagine his life without fear; even his own existence causes fear. Despite the fact that fear has always accompanied a man, at present, due to the increase in self-awareness and many other factors, in our opinion, fear is becoming the true basis of human existence in the world. The purpose of this study is to analyze the problem of fear as the basis of human existence in various historical periods and, in particular, at the present stage of human development. The achievement of the stated goal was facilitated by the solution of the following tasks. 1. To analyze the evolution of philosophical ideas about fear in various historical periods. 2. Based on the analysis, to draw conclusions and show that the rethink of fear is carried out in the New Age, since this period is a turning point in changing the role of fear. It is at this time that its individualization occurs, and it acquires a pronounced social character. 3. Particular attention should be paid to the analysis of existential philosophy, in which fear is considered as one of the key foundations of human existence and the main companion of a man in the modern era. Human existence and fear become one whole, connected by an inextricable thread. The methodology of this study is based on a dialectical approach. This approach was implemented through the use of a set of research methods of induction, deduction, analysis, comparison and synthesis, which are of a general scientific character. Analyzing the problem of fear in modern reality, we came to the conclusion that the XXI century is an era when fear begins to accompany an individual in his daily existence, becomes a mass phenomenon and is formed in the public consciousness through various information channels: the media, the Internet, expert opinion, etc. The modern world has also generated completely new types of fears, which are a direct consequence of technologization, informatization, and digitalization of society. The appearance of the “pandemic of fear” amid the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced our idea that in the XXI century fear has become the true basis of human existence.

ОБГРУНТУВАННЯ СТРАТЕГІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ПАРКОВО-РЕКРЕАЦІЙНИХ КОМПЛЕКСІВ В СИСТЕМІ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ ТЕРИТОРІЙ

Goal. The purpose of the article is the study of modern trends in the functioning of parks and recreation areas and the formation of scientific and methodological bases for the justification of the strategy for the development of park and recreation complexes in the system of sustainable development of territories. Method. The solution of the set research tasks within the framework of the goal is implemented by using a systematic approach, methods of statistical processing of information, methods of analysis and synthesis, a dialectical approach to determine the prerequisites and basis for developing a strategy for the development of park and recreation complexes in the system of sustainable development of territories. The results. According to the results of the study of modern trends in the functioning of parks and recreation areas, the thesis is substantiated that the significant destruction of natural objects as a result of active hostilities not only leads to the loss of Ukraine's natural potential and a number of negative environmental consequences, in particular, in the form of environmental pollution, but also to a decrease national well-being, which is manifested in the deterioration of the financial and economic results of the functioning of territories and cities, the living conditions and the performance of professional functions of the community located in such locations. The analysis of statistical data showed that the last decade was accompanied by the active creation of regional landscape parks and the activation of actions by the state and local communities in the field of transferring territories and urban zones to the status of those of nature conservation importance. In these conditions, park zones received a special status, which allows to ensure the renovation of natural objects and to push and develop natural objects. As a result of active hostilities, which is accompanied by the destruction of the infrastructure of cities, the reduction of the areas of nature-protected territories, the financial, economic and social results of business entities are reduced. Therefore, in the work, taking into account the objective need to develop an effective toolkit for substantiating the strategy of the development of park and recreation complexes in the system of sustainable development of territories, recommendations for choosing a strategy, decision-making criteria and algorithms for their implementation with the simultaneous achievement of positive environmental results and the growth of economic indicators of economic processes on territory As a result, the scientific and methodological principles of substantiating the strategy of development of park and recreation complexes in the system of sustainable development of territories were formed. It was noted that the proposed developments are aimed at realizing the socio-economic and ecological potential of restoration of park areas, in particular at the level of the city and territories. Prospective directions for the development of parks have been formed, which will contribute to such processes and the formation of effective economic policy in the field of organizational and economic provision of sustainable development of city parks and other recreational and landscape areas. The information basis for achieving the set goal is the official statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine, the Donetsk Regional State Administration, the results of research in the field of development of cities, territories, parks and recreation areas, carried out by domestic and foreign scientists, official sources of information on the financial and economic results of the functioning of regional of landscape parks of Ukraine, provisions of strategies for the development of cities and regions of Ukraine, provisions of the Sustainable Development Strategy of Ukraine until 2030. Scientific novelty. Refined scientific and methodical principles for the justification of the strategy for the development of park and recreation complexes in the system of sustainable development of territories are formed taking into account the current state of natural resources of Ukraine, and in particular the Donetsk region, and the consequences of active hostilities, which are accompanied by the irreversible destruction of a significant range of natural objects, and form the basis for clarification of the main provisions of strategies for the development of cities and territories on the basis of sustainability, which will contribute to the growth of national well-being and obtaining significant socio-economic results for improving the environmental conditions of economic activity.

Grappling with the Unnarratable: Introduction to Special Issue on Narratologies of Science

Grappling with the Unnarratable: Introduction to Special Issue on Narratologies of Science Daniel Aureliano Newman (bio) In the film Ant-Man (2015), Scott Lang (played by Paul Rudd) shrinks into the “quantum realm” where “all concepts of time and space become irrelevant.” But the film’s depiction of the subatomic is not as weird as advertised; it is little more than a kaleidoscopic backdrop against which Lang acts and reacts normally. So what kind of story would, or could, unfold in the quantum realm, where the building blocks of narrative—time, causation, and matter—have no recognizable existence? In lieu of answers, I will loosely storyboard an alternative quantum-realm scene based on the structure of a simple Feynman Diagram (Figure 1), where “Scott Lang” might stand in for “particle.” Developed as a shorthand alternative to arduous calculations in Quantum Electrodynamics, Feynman Diagrams have become a key tool for “represent[ing] the different ways interactions could happen” between subatomic particles (Brown 425). Because they seem to depict entities (particles) moving, interacting, and altering each other’s trajectory and identity, the diagrams look like visual narratives. Yet whether this is accurate is unclear; in fact, it is hotly debated what and how Feynman Diagrams represent physical reality (Brown; Meynell; Stöltzner)—if they represent anything at all (David Griffiths, among others, insists that “Feynman diagrams are purely symbolic; they do not represent particle trajectories” [59]). Even if we think the diagram tells a story (“an image containing arrows, explicit or implicit, is a narrative image,” writes Jehad Alshwaikh [10]), it is a counterintuitive [End Page 1] one, to say the least. Though it appears to show particles moving in two spatial dimensions (which is easy enough to translate into narrative), the vertical axis actually represents time (Griffiths 57); thus the particles on the diagram’s righthand side move from future to past! What we call particles, moreover, are not entities in a sense narrative theory would recognize. “Quantum mechanics,” explains Elana Gomel, “sees particles not as miniature objects but as probability wave functions […] [T]he basic ‘stuff’ of the universe is something as intangible as probability!” (18). By this point the story of Scott Lang in the quantum realm should be quite unimaginable. And yet, Feynman Diagrams are constructed and discussed in ways that should awaken a narratologist’s imagination. Click for larger view View full resolution Fig. 1. A Feynman Diagram: an electron (e) enters from the bottom left and another from the top right; they exchange a photon (γ) and exit from the bottom right and top left, respectively. David Griffiths. Introduction to Elementary Particles. 57. 2004 [1987]. Copyright Wiley-VCH GmbH. Reproduced with permission. The same could be said for practices, models, and phenomena throughout the natural sciences. Narrative appears to grow even in the most inhospitable environments, and narrative theory often undergoes its significant developments there. Could science reveal new insights about the nature of narrative? How, for example, might narratological conceptions of temporality be expanded by the notion of quantum time—time bundled into discrete packets rather than a “flow” (Rovelli 138–42)? Might our views of character be enriched by Richard Dawkins’s strange notion of the “extended phenotype” (2016)? Might the probabilistic nature of scientific findings require supplementing Gérard Genette’s three categories of temporal [End Page 2] frequency (singulative, repeating, and iterative) with a fourth—say, ‘tendential narrative’—to account for statements like “Shifts in tube length tended to be from short to long, although reversals were not infrequent” (Anderson et al. 1)? Might statistical tools such as path analysis suggest ways of theorizing or visualizing narratives with multiple interacting sequences? Such are the questions motivating this special issue. It’s been nearly twenty-five years since David Herman called for “a more dialectical approach to the problem of the science-narrative nexus,” predicting that “science will not be left unchanged by its encounter with narrative inquiry, but neither will narrative inquiry” (383). The clear answer to this call—to which Herman has been a leading force—has been cognitive narratology. There is, however, minimal strain in this particular nexus of science and narrative, since cognitive science shares many of the traditional (novelistic...

ATOMISM, «SUMMA THEOLOGICA» AND B. LIBET’S EXPERIMENTS:CONTRADICTIONS IN SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEM OF THE SUBJECT’S FREE WILL

The article deals with the contradictions that arise when solving the problem of the subject’s freewill. A thesis is put forward that these contradictions are caused by the discrepancy between the views on free will and the ontological foundations from which they are derived. This thesis is consistently proved on the basis of both the historical and philosophical material and the modern discussion that unfolded after the discoveries of B. Libet and his followers. An analysis of the ideas of Thomas Aquinas reveals a num-ber of insurmountable contradictions indicating the impossibility of combining the free will of a subject and the theological principle of providentialism. The approaches of the philosophers of the Renaissance and the New Age to the indicated problem are considered, these being associated with an attempt to over-come this contradiction and again turn philosophical thought to natural philosophy. The dialectical ap-proach of Immanuel Kant is presented as taking a certain step toward resolving the contradictions through linking free will with the concept of morality and duty. The philosophical interpretation of B.Libet’s ex-periments is analyzed and the idea of conscious decisions of a person as determined by the activity of his neurons is refuted. Such an erroneous thesis is derived from the «flat ontology»paradigm. The popularity of this approach is due to the difficulty in resolving the psychophysiological problem and the lack of un-derstanding of the mechanisms for the transition of biologically determined processes of the material sub-strate to the field of the ideal. The groundlessness of sucha conclusion is explained by biological reduc-tion and the vulgar materialistic approach of modern authors, similar to the ideas of Democritus or Epicu-rus, who derived free will from the movement of atoms. All the examples considered in the article clearly demonstrate the fallacy of attempts to derive free will or its absence from something external to a person. The thesis that free will must be immanently inherent in man is substantiated. To solve the problem of free will, it is necessary not only to rely on the data of scientific discoveries but also to approach their interpretation dialectically.

DEVELOPMENT OF ACCOUNTING IN CONDITIONS OF DIGITIZATION OF THE ECONOMY

Purpose. The aim of the article is to study the development trend of accounting in the theoretical and practical plane in the conditions of total digitalization of the economy. Methodology of research. The research was conducted using a dialectical approach to the study of the current state of development of the digital economy. In the process of research, general scientific and special methods were used, in particular: the analytical method was used when reviewing literary sources; the classification method made it possible to differentiate the main components of digital accounting, and the description method – to provide them with a detailed description; the monographic method was used in the study of literary sources on issues of digital economy and accounting, the system and analytical method was used in the processing of the received information. Findings. It was determined that the digital economy is an information and communication environment of economic activity on the Internet, the result of the transformational effects of new technologies of general purpose in the field of information and communication. It is substantiated that the automation of accounting is one of the components of digitalization of business, which helps companies to use resources effectively and increase competitiveness in the market. The basic principles of the functioning of the digital accounting platform, which allow creating the latest electronic systems with a significant number of users, have been revealed. Originality. The interpretation of the concept of “digitalization of accounting” was clarified, which, unlike the established ones, interprets it as an intensive process of introducing modern digital technologies into the accounting process; application of constructively modified methods, accounting and analytical tools to improve the quality of collection, generalization, systematization, analysis of large volumes of data, their support, control and creation of a single information system for the needs of the company's management, as well as ensuring conditions for the availability and promptness of information for interested parties with the growth of its credibility. Practical value. The obtained results of the study will contribute to increasing the efficiency of the formation and development of accounting in the conditions of the digital economy and will become the basis for further scientific developments in this field. Key words: digital economy, information technologies, accounting, digital accounting, digital technologies

MODERNIZATION OF ACCOUNTING IN THE CONTEXT OF THE MODERN DEVELOPMENT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

Purpose. The aim of the article is to substantiate the need for the development of digitalization of modern accounting of companies. Methodology of research. The research was conducted using a dialectical approach to the study of the current state of development of the digital economy. General scientific and special methods were used in the article, in particular: analytical - when reviewing normative sources; monographic - when studying literary sources on digitalization of accounting; system and analytical - when processing the received information. Findings. It was determined that in the conditions of digitalization of business processes, implementation and development of new business concepts, approaches to the methodology of accounting are changing, the need to create a new concept of accounting in companies under the auspices of total digitalization is increasing. It is substantiated that digitization and robotization contribute to changes in the functioning of company management and accounting, in particular. It was revealed that the result of the development of digital technologies will be the optimization of the organizational structure and management services of the accounting department, including due to the reduction of the staff and the review of the functionality, the introduction of new information and technological systems for processing primary documents and information, the modernization of accounting processes and accounting policy in general; strengthening requirements for professional skills of users. Originality. Directions for the development of robotization in the context of digitalization of the company's accounting service are proposed. The implementation of robotization in the activities of the accounting service of companies is substantiated. Practical value. The obtained research results will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of the formation and development of accounting robotization in the conditions of the digital economy and will become the basis for further scientific developments in this field. Key words: accounting, modernization, digitization, robotics, information technologies, business process.

Towards a Newer Analytical Frame for Theorizing Ethnic Enclaves in Urban Residential Spaces: A Critical Dialectic Approach in Relational-Spatiality

Abstract: This paper provides a critical reflection on the nature of ethnic enclaves and segregation by presenting an analytical frame that can be used to capture the contested nature of spatiality in these spaces. By underscoring the dynamics in which differences constitute distinct subject positions, this paper posits a relational orientation to studying spatiality that is based on complex relations among and between subjects and space. To date, few attempts have been made to present an analytical frame for the analysis of the spatiality of ethnic enclaves and segregation in which space becomes contested by different groups, occupants of space, and those external to space. This paper bridges this gap by synthesizing the relational approaches found in Bourdieusian field theory and Lefebvrian spatiality. This paper seeks to make three contributions. First, to provide an explicit theoretical anchor upon which relational and spatial theories converge since the underlying rationale for complementary is usually only implicitly evaluated. In detailing this convergence, the social constitution of reality and an emphasis on the duality between individuals and society as well as society and space are identified as a rationale for relational spatiality. Second, to demonstrate how a collective engagement with Bourdieu’s and Lefebvre’s approaches facilitates a recognition of spatiality as a polysemous social product and producer of social reality in addition to grounding this orientation as a critical dialectic engagement in which both the subjects and knowledge production cannot be neutral. Third, to present an analytical frame for the investigation of ethnic enclaves in and through which ethnic majorities, minorities, occupants of space, and those external to these enclaves constitute different views towards the same space.

Individuality and Convention in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening: A Hegelian Dialectic Approach

Individuality and Convention in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening: A Hegelian Dialectic Approach

The Influence of F. Schleiermacher’s Dialectic Approach on his Translation Approach

Schleiermacher’in “Über die verschiedenen Methoden des Übersetzens” (1813) başlıklı makalesini kaleme almasının üzerinden 200 yılı aşkın bir süre geçmiş olmasına rağmen çeviribilim alanında güncelliğini yitirmemiştir. Hemen her çeviri kuramcısı kuramsal ve yöntemsel görüşüne dayanak sağlamak amacıyla ya onaylayıcı ya da reddedici tavırla Schleiermacher’in çeviri yaklaşımına başvurmaktadır. Son birkaç yıla kadar birçok çalışmada Schleiermacher’in çeviri görüşleri diğer alanlara ait görüşlerinden soyutlanarak değerlendirilmekteydi. Oysa Schleiermacher’in yorumbilim, eleştiri, diyalektik ve çeviri yaklaşımları birbiriyle sıkı sıkıya ilişkilidir. Sıralanan bu alanlardan birine ait yazılarında bir diğer alana yönelik düşüncelerini tamamlayacak açıklamalarla karşılaşmak mümkündür. Örneğin yorumbilim görüşlerini dile getirdiği yazılarında arada kaybolacak kadar az da olsa çeviri düşünceleriyle de karşılaşılabilmektedir. Bu açıklamalar kendisinin çeviri makalesindeki görüşlerini tamamlayacak niteliktedir. Nitekim son çalışmalara bakıldığında Schleiermacher’in çeviri yaklaşımına dair daha bütüncül değerlendirmelerin yapılmaya çalışıldığı görülmektedir. Birçok çalışmada çeviri görüşleri kendisinin çevirmen kimliği ve özellikle yorumbilim yaklaşımıyla birlikte ele alınıp değerlendirilmektedir. Yorumbilimsel yaklaşımında olduğu gibi diyalektik yaklaşımında da çeviri görüşlerinin daha anlaşılır olmasını sağlayacak değerlendirmeler bulunmaktadır. Hatta Schleiermacher’in çeviri makalesinde ticari, sanatsal ve bilimsel metinler olarak ayırdığı çeviri metin türleri ve bunlara yüklediği değer ölçüsü, temelini kendisinin diyalektik yaklaşımında bulduğu söylenebilir. Bu çalışmada Schleiermacher’in “Über die verschiedenen Methoden des Übersetzens” adlı yazısında ele aldığı çeviri metin türleri ve dile getirdiği çeviri görüşleri yine kendisinin diyalektik düşünceleri bağlamında incelenmiş ve iki çalışma alanı arasındaki paralellikler gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Arctic Single-Industry City: The Population’s Perception of Their Future in the Prospects for its Development

Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the strategic necessity of consolidating human capital in the Arctic territories, which determines the importance of a deeper study of the connection between the life strategies of the population and the local problems of monotowns, as hard points for the formation of the economic space of the Arctic. The purpose of the article is to identify the reasons for the formation of migration attitudes of the population of the monotown. Materials and Methods. The information basis of the study was the data of official statistics and the results of a questionnaire based survey of the population of Kostomuksha district, conducted in the fall of 2021. The participants of the survey were representatives of the population permanently residing in the district, aged 15‒74. The average age of the respondents was 44.9. The sample size was 697 people. The analysis was conducted using the SPSS software. The final conclusions were based on a combination of methods of spatial economics, the theory of sustainable development and the dialectical approach. Results. Environmental features were identified by way of comparing the data of sociological survey of the population (town’s problems, satisfaction with different aspects of life), the results of previous studies and expeditions of the authors and the data of official statistics. The severity and features of the migration attitudes of the population were established, the social portrait of the migration-prone part of the population was examined. Discussion and Conclusion. Based on the correlation between the environmental features of the territory and the results of the migration attitudes analysis, conclusions were made concerning the competitiveness of Kostomuksha district in terms of reproduction of its human capital and social sustainability, sustainable and favorable ecological conditions, supported in part by the stable operation of the city-forming enterprise, as well as general protection of the population from crime. Measures were proposed for the transition to an expanded quality of human capital reproduction. The results of the study and the identified threats to local social stability make it possible to form an analytical basis for their timely elimination, and, in a broader context, are of practical importance for managing the development of the Russian Arctic economic space at all levels of administrative regulation. The findings will form the basis of analytical materials addressed to the subjects of state and municipal government.

ON THE ISSUE OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LABOR AND CORPORATE STATUS OF THE COMPANY'S CHIEF EXECUTIVE AS A SPECIAL REPRESENTATIVE OF A LEGAL ENTITY

The article examines the legal status of a company's chief executive. The ambiguity of the company's chief executive's status, taking into account the nature and goals of establishing the organization, creates a variety of means to regulate the chief executive's status by sector specific legislation. The issue of the relationship between the labor and corporate status of the company's chief executive is especially important, as well as that of criteria for similarity and differentiation of statuses. The answer to this problem lies in the essence of corporate organizations. The purpose of the study is to trace the similarity and difference between the labor and corporate status of a company's chief executive in a corporate organization based on the analysis of regulatory legal acts of various industry affiliation and to propose criteria for their correlation. The methodological basis of the study was the dialectical approach, systematic, logical methods, formal legal and other methods of scientific cognition. The authors note that the study of the issue leads to the conclusion that the labor status of a company's chief executive in a corporate organization is dependent on the corporation. The article proposes similarity criteria and differentiation criteria of the labor and corporate statuses of a company's chief executive in a corporate organization: similarity of both statuses – labor and corporate – lies only in general orientation of the nature of the activity carried out by the company's chief executive: they are the executive body in the organization; the criterion of differentiation: the existence of an employment contract of the company's chief executive . At the same time, while remaining in the corporate status, the company's chief executive is obliged to adhere to the norms of labor legislation in relations with the employees.

Protecting Students-Consumers Interests in Universities and Colleges

This study will investigate ways in which universities and colleges can better protect the interests of their student customers by creating a new learning environment and improving the quality of the services provided to students in lecture halls. The ultimate goal of this research is to increase student satisfaction as customers. The authors of this research derive certain educational lessons for students in Vietnam and other developing markets based on their observations, experiences, synthesis analyses, and dialectical approaches. According to the findings of this survey, students are the universities' primary customers. The level of happiness a company's customers feel may be directly attributed to the quality of the service provided. Customers will first have a positive impression of a company if the service provider gives them with high-quality items that are able to fulfill their requirements.

A Criticism of the British Left in Trevor Griffiths’s The Party in Light of ’68 Paris Student Riots

Among the political playwrights of the post-war British drama, Trevor Griffiths is known for his commitment to socialist ideals and his continuous search for an ideal social(ist) structure in his works. Coming from a working-class background and having met many notable intellectual socialists prior to his dramatic career, Trevor Griffiths dedicated his playwriting to debate about the present and future of socialism in Britain and elsewhere. Despite Griffiths’s loyal attachment to socialism, his works provide a criticism of the left, left-wing parties, lack of unity among the proletariat, and lack of support and cooperation of the leftist parties in his country. The Party (1973) is one of those plays in which he provides a dialectical approach to an ideal understanding of socialism that is based on unity between the workers, the party as an organisation and the intelligentsia. Griffiths’s main concern is to lay out some of the reasons for the failure of the left and claim that a true socialist revolution can never be possible unless a commitment is achieved by all involved parties. This paper discusses socialist Trevor Griffiths’s play The Party as a criticism of the left in relation to prevalent concerns of Britain in the 1970s. While evaluating the reasons for Griffiths’s criticism, the discussion of the play is also related to the Paris student riots as a casein-point failed socialist revolution attempt due to similar problems Griffiths observes in his country.

Uncrewed autonomous marine vessels test the limits of maritime safety frameworks

Uncrewed and autonomous marine vessels (UMVs) challenge the underlying paradigm of maritime laws and regulations. Yet UMVs are considered essential for safer, more efficient, and more effective maritime futures. There is a fundamental challenge facing industry and regulators about how to develop and support the nascent UMV industry while maintaining the safety and risk management principles and processes in legacy laws and regulations predicated on the conventional crewed vessel. This paper, drawing upon case studies of developer and operator experiences with Australia’s maritime safety framework, argues for an “intent-based”, flexible, and collaborative approach based on developers’ and operators’ experiences. The case studies show that ad hoc and bespoke regulatory pathways, utilising exemptions and discretions under Australian national laws, although problematic in terms of regulatory consistency and capacity to deal with scale, did allow for the trialling and deployment of two small UMVs. More importantly, the ad hoc approach facilitated information exchange between industry and regulators that is generating reforms and changes at the national level. Although focused on Australia, the findings are significant for maritime futures. It reveals a dialectical approach whereby maritime nations pragmatically work through the risks, standards, and processes that balance safety with facilitating local UMV industries, and in turn, this creates a body of knowledge to inform international reform processes. It also shows the importance of documenting and reflecting on the regulatory journeys of UMV pioneers as essential for safer, more efficient, and effective maritime industries that leverage the potential benefits of automation.

МЕТОДОЛОГІЯ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ ТА РОЗВИТКУ ІНСТИТУТУ ЮВЕНАЛЬНОЇ ПРОБАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ

In the article, the author considers the methodology of researching the peculiarities of the establishment and development of the juvenile probation institute in Ukraine. It is indicated that the methodology of juvenile probation research should be based on a dialectical approach, which should be represented by the researcher’s rationalism, his ability to draw parallels between different points of view on the same phenomenon and single out the “core”, that can provide an opportunity to establish the universality of the studied phenomenon and its authenticity. From the point of view of dialectical materialism, juvenile probation should be investigated in the context of its effectiveness and timeliness within the existing development and mentality of Ukrainian society, with subsequent forecasting of its transformation over time. It is noted that the legislator’s perception of the forms and limits of human existence, the legal and social needs of the country’s citizens, gives him the opportunity not only to find ways to respond to any illegal actions of individuals, but also to warn them, correcting the deviant tendencies of the offender. That is why, considering juvenile probation through the prism of epistemology, it is possible to reproduce the symbiosis of sensual and rational, preserving the principle of humanism of criminal legislation and rationalism when working with a criminal offender. It is concluded that the methodology of the study of the peculiarities of the formation and development of the juvenile probation institute is a complex system of values, philosophical principles and guidelines on which the legislative representation of the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency and the single unified structure of humane interaction with deviant adolescents are based. To date, this methodology is almost no different from similar ones in the science of criminal law and has the main task of simplifying the process of researching individual phenomena with the subsequent integration of this kind of understanding into legislative initiatives and practices. Key words: methodology, juvenile, juvenile justice, juvenile probation, criminal offense, criminal offender, criminal legislation, repression.

Living on multiple edges: Forces influencing tourism in Silloth and The Solway Coast

Tourist destinations experience a number of influences, many out of their control. Being geographically peripheral often confers tourist appeal: being beside the sea, rural or rugged countryside, with fewer people and more space than urban centres, but is associated with being politically peripheral with less influence on local and national policies impacting on the area. To explore the impact of peripherality, this research investigated the forces affecting the tourist fortunes of the Cumbrian Solway coast, a small, remote area on the edge of Northwest England, Cumbria and close to the popular tourist area of the Lake District. Semi-structured interviews with tourism providers in the area helped identify a number of dynamic influences and ‘edges’, including different interpretations of the coast and countryside and political decisions about public spending on tourism. Local organisations supporting tourism to achieve different goals (landscape preservation, habitat conservation, maintaining and enhancing local services and infrastructure, community vitality, employment and prosperity) sometimes failed to align their motives and work together for common goals. The case study reflects the circumstances in many small resorts. A dialectical approach, acknowledging the constantly changing political, economic and other contexts of tourism, offers potential for future tourism research.

Special military operation as a tool of increasing the anti-corruption potential

Objective: to analyze the dynamics of Russia’s anti-corruption potential in connection with the socio-political conditions of the modern Russian society development.Methods: a dialectical approach to the cognition of social phenomena, which allows analyzing the interrelation of such phenomena as politics, economics, power, corruption, as well as using comparative-historical, systemic, institutional, abstract-logical methods to predict ways to increase the anti-corruption potential of society and its anti-corruption stability.Results: the development of the anti-corruption potential of the modern Russian state is predicted, based on the formation of civil society under the influence of socio-economic and socio-political processes taking place in Russia against the background of the special military operation. The regularities in the actions of the ruling elite representatives in various difficult periods of the state development are stated, including during the special military operation of the Russian Armed Forces in the territory of Ukraine.Scientific novelty: the work presents a comparative study of the dependence between the spread of corruption in society, on the one hand, and the socio-political conditions and the characteristics of the ruling elite, on the other, including under the conditions of modern society in its extreme state during the special military operation; the impact of these conditions on the anti-corruption stability of society is also studied.Practical significance: consists in the possibility to formulate forecasting assessments regarding the ability to increase the anti-corruption potential of the society (anti-corruption sustainability of the society) and ways to achieve the goal of fighting corruption.

Breaking news of social problems: examining media consumption and student beliefs about school shootings

Objective: to explore the relationship between college students’ media consumption and their attitude to school shootings in the United States of America.Methods: dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena, allowing to analyze them in historical development and functioning in the context of the totality of objective and subjective factors, which predetermined the following research methods: formal-logical, comparative-legal, and sociological.Results: School shootings are considered by many to be a social problem in need of a solution. While episodic in nature, they generate fear and concern, particularly as a result of the amount of attention they garner by and through the media. The present study explores the relationship between college students’ media consumption and their beliefs that school shootings are a problem in the United States. A survey was administered to 442 university students in fall 2012 and included measures of specific modes through which media is consumed, including television, newspaper, and social media, which then were analyzed to assess such a relationship. The results indicate that social media—Twitter 2 in particular—are significant predictors of students’ beliefs about school shootings. These findings also represent an important shift in media production that encourages a more participatory discourse with audience members. Implications for journalistic practices, study limitations, and directions for future research also are discussed.Scientific novelty: The present study sought to examine the impact of media consumption on respondents’ beliefs that school shootings are a problem in the U.S. It was hypothesized that there is a positive relationship between the amount of media that students consume and their belief that school shootings are a problem. It was found that the more students use social media, and Twitter in particular, the stronger their beliefs that school shootings are a social problem. Not all media use, however, was related to these beliefs in accordance with cultivation theory.Practical significance: the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific, pedagogical and law enforcement activities when considering the issues related to the crime prevention and suppression.

Political and legal guarantees of human and civil security

In this article, the authors consider the essence of human and civil security, determine the factors that threaten it, and the consequences that violations of human rights, including the right to personal security, lead to. By personal security, the authors understand the state of absence of danger when interacting with objects of the external environment and the process of ensuring legal guarantees for the implementation of constitutional rights and freedoms. Security cannot exist without danger; it finds its existence with the emergence of threats. Personal security is threatened by wars, socio-economic instability, poverty, corruption, crime, domestic interethnic and religious conflicts, injustice, etc. The consequence is a violation of human rights, primarily the right to life and restrictions on its freedoms. The, the subject of this study is relevant. The purpose of this study was to find threats to personal security and analyse the possibilities of their elimination by political and legal means. The methodological basis of this paper was the dialectical approach, as well as several other methods: formal logical, systematic, formal legal, structural-functional. Results: personal security, as a special type of human and civil security, despite its close relationship with the security of society and the state, is an independent socio-legal phenomenon that requires special attention. Personal security is ensured, foremost, by the norms of constitutional, criminal, and administrative law. Restriction of the rights and freedoms of offenders, however, may be accompanied by restriction of the rights and freedoms of law-abiding citizens. The originality of this study lies in the investigation of political and legal guarantees of personal security and the identification of opportunities for its provision in the modern world, considering the principles of the rule of law, civil society, and justice. Security as a complex social phenomenon is an element of other complex social systems, which include a human, society, the state, as well as the economic, political, and spiritual spheres of public life. Security is an essential factor in the functioning and very existence of all social systems. The main subject that organizes the life of society is the state. The international community also plays an essential role in this process