Dialect Groups Research Articles

A fingerprinting structure model for Arabic document plagiarism detection

Plagiarism, which is a significant problem in the academic world worldwide, is particularly challenging to detect in Arabic due to the language's complex structure. Methodology: The ADPDM model and framework for detecting plagiarism in Arabic documents are presented in this dissertation. It is designed to detect plagiarism within academic contexts. By organizing documents logically into paragraphs, sentences, and words, the model seeks to establish a robust system that can identify duplicated content and search for similar documents within identifying corresponding sets. In particular, the study examines preprocessing techniques such as stop word removal, stemming, and rootage processing, followed by content-based methods utilizing fingerprinting and heuristic algorithms that are tailored to Arabic language features. To aid in efficient detection, the BKDR hash function is used for chunk having. To optimize computation time, heuristic algorithms are implemented at different levels of document representation, using metrics such as Longest Common Substring (LCS). To evaluate the ADPDM system, a corpus of 100 documents is utilized, which includes datasets from AraPlagDet and the Decision Support System (DSS). The performance of ADPDM is compared with other plagiarism detection methods using WCopyFind, but the latter has a higher computational speed than ADBDM. Its recall, precision, and F-measure values of 0. 78035, 0. 994264, and 0. 865688 respectively (ADPDM) are particularly notable for its ability to detect plagiarized content in Arabic documents. ADPDM is a successful anti-pluralist solution for Arabic text, even though it requires a longer processing time than WCopyFind.

Predictive Strength of Auditory Maturity Across Different Levels of Language Ability: An Exploratory Quantile Regression Study.

Auditory evoked potential-age (AEP-age) is proposed to index auditory maturation and has been found to predict language skills in children with and without a language disorder. However, reporting average effects using linear regression does not fully capitalize on the potential of AEP-age to estimate individual differences in young children. This study used a quantile regression approach to examine the predictive utility of AEP-age for 105 typical and neurodiverse 7-10-year-old children (61 males; 44 females; largely monolingual English) with varying language skills without creating subgroups. Although linear regression did not find an association between AEP-age and language skills, the quantile model added specificity by revealing differential associations. AEP-age was only related to language skills for children at around the median point of the language continuum, but, not for those at the lowest or highest end of the language distribution. Overall, the quantile regression methodology provides us with the flexibility of understanding how AEP-age is related to different language abilities.

Mixed-methods formative evaluation of implementing an adapted suicide prevention treatment: Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Groups in the Veterans Health Administration.

Preventing veteran suicide requires addressing mechanisms driving suicidal behavior, such as emotion dysregulation. Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Groups (DBT-SG) are well established for reducing emotion dysregulation, improving coping skills, and in some studies, reducing suicide attempt, but will require implementation support to deliver DBT-SG and to test its effectiveness within the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). We conducted a mixed-method developmental formative evaluation of DBT-SG at four VHA medical centers, guided by the Integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework, as part of a hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial (Clinical trials ID, NCT05000749). Quantitative Organizational Reasons for Change Assessment data (n = 30 VHA staff) and qualitative data (n = 35 VHA staff) were merged, compared, and triangulated. Quantitative and qualitative data largely converged, showing favorable views of evidence supporting DBT-SG and strong enthusiasm for its potential to reduce veteran suicide attempt. Staff noted DBT-SG's broad applicability to veterans. Staff were less optimistic about the inner context supporting DBT-SG implementation, commenting on how limited staffing could be a barrier despite leadership wanting to support suicide prevention. Implementation barriers to DBT-SG at VHA include limited staffing, despite staff enthusiasm. The next phase of this project will evaluate DBT-SG effectiveness in a randomized controlled trial. https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05000749, identifier NCT05000749.

Pesty Frigyes Nógrád vármegyei helynévgyűjtésének nyelvjárástörténeti és szociolingvisztikai hasznosításáról

This paper examines the historical dialectological and sociolinguistic use of the Nógrád County place-name compilation collected between 1863 and 1865 at Frigyes Pesty’s initiative. Frigyes Pesty, a pioneer in historical name geography, toponomastics and name etymologies, organised a collection of place names covering all settlements of Hungary. This manuscript of names constitutes a particularly rich database of geographical names of mid-19th-century Hungary. Hungarian National Toponym Registry Programme researchers have started publishing the manuscript based on standardised principles. During the philological work on the press publication of the place names of Nógrád County, a microlinguistic analysis was conducted. The results of this analysis are presented in this paper. On the one hand, the author discusses the connection of the scriptors to the Palóc dialect area and the possibility of reconstructing the former colloquial language use with the help of the registered toponyms. On the other hand, the author explores the bilingualism of the multi-ethnic (mostly Hungarian-Slovakian) villages of Nógrád County, as reflected in the place names.

Study of vowel formant data using Gabmap: A pilot analysis of a Lithuanian dialect

Abstract The article reviews the possibilities of applying the web application Gabmap developed by researchers at the University of Groningen to the analysis of vowel formant data based on the results of the study of one Lithuanian dialect. The Western Aukštaitian dialect of Kaunas is traditionally considered the basis of Standard Lithuanian. The study was based on the data of 18 male speakers from six dialectal localities representing distinctive areas. The normalized mean values of the first two vowel formants (F1, F2) were analyzed in certain word positions illustrating distinguishing features, which were processed using Gabmap tools designed for analyzing numeric sequences. Gabmap tools most beneficial for the researchers of experimental phonetics along with the aspects of their application to research were emphasized in the study; it also underlined those tools the use of which requires additional application of other conventional methods of experimental sound analysis, such as sound spectrum analysis, planimetric models, etc. In the study of the Western Aukštaitian of Kaunas, the Gabmap analysis confirmed significant horizontal variation within the dialect area and foregrounded the most tightly related sites sharing the greatest number of common features in their vocalism.

Dialect levelling and merchant writing in Renaissance Italy

Abstract This article aims to assess the extent to which merchant language in Renaissance Italy can be said to have undergone a process of dialect levelling. Merchant letters in the Italian context are characterised by their high degree of verb allomorphy, both verbal and nominal. Previous investigations have shown that this degree of allomorphy is much more present in merchant texts than in other text genres immediately preceding codification in the 1500s. This article continues this line of research, showing how a process of dialect levelling occurs in a corpus of merchant writing sent from Milan in the late 1300s and early 1400s. Specifically, it focuses on 1pl. verb endings and the presence of voicing in past participles to show that Tuscan linguistic items infiltrated and then spread into neighbouring dialectal areas, such as Gallo-Italian, that is typologically distinct from Tuscan. Since this process of levelling was occurring at the same time as literary Tuscan was spreading, sometimes mediated also by merchants, the article also discusses these issues. While focus is placed on the contribution of merchant language in Renaissance Italy, the article can be seen as a case-study as evidence of language evolution ‘from below’. Overall, it argues that historical sociolinguistics provide powerful tools which help to show the various processes identified during standardization.

بولی اورزبان: اردو کے سیاق میں تجزیہ

The initial level of language is called dialect, which helps in maintaining and maintaining daily activities, business transactions, and social relations. The majority of people depend on it. Language derives its energy from local dialects. The range of language is wide and dialect is limited. There can be many dialects in a language area, but there cannot be many languages in a dialect area. Language is the queen of expressing every concept and feeling. Language covers educational, administrative, judicial, political and literary aspects. Script is necessary for language. Due to writing, language documents are preserved and the vocabulary is also increasing day by day. Dialect is mainly verbal expression. However, it is not necessary that every dialect is devoid of writing. Normally its written forms appear in private letters and folk literature.

A Historiographical and Cultural Overview of Old Albanian Writing

The northwestern dialects of Albanian stretch from Plava and Gucia in the North to Mat in the South, from Tivari and Ulqini in the West to Nikaj-Mërtur and Pukë in the East. This group of dialects includes the dialects of Kelmendi, Hoti, Kastrati, Shkreli, Buza e Uji, Koplik, Grizha, Lohe, Reci, Rrjolli, Shala, Shosh, Pulti, of Postriba, Shllak, Temal, Shkodra, Buna Bank, Drini Bank and Zadrima. The areas where the northwestern dialects of Albanian are spoken, as evidenced by the discoveries made so far, were inhabited very early. The great Ardian tribe lived in these places. Moving specifically to the studies of Northwestern Albanian dialects, we see their origin at the beginning of the 20th century, although their data did not present scientific certainty. The Albanian lexicographers of the Northern region Frang Bardhi, Nikollë Gazulli and Benedikt Dema also played a fundamental role in the creation of the old Albanian literature, but the invaluable help started by Buzuku, Budi and Bogdani should not be left out.

On determining of the protograph features based on the graphic-orthographic systems of manuscripts

This article is concerned with the study of medieval manuscripts and the determining of the features of protographs based on the graphic and orthographic systems of their scribal copies. The study involves three manuscripts created in Nuremberg in the 15th century. The texts of the mentioned manuscripts are copies from the first two complete translations of one of the medieval treatises. Based on the study of the graphic and orthographic systems of these texts, as well as some of their morphological features, the author of the article makes an attempt to establish the relationship between the texts under study, as well as to restore some of the features of their protographs. The sources of influence on the formation of the graphic and orthographic portrait of the scribe were identified as a result of the study of the graphic and orthographic features of the texts. Among them the author identifies the written tradition of the scriptorium, features of the local dialect and dialect areas, as well as characteristic features of the protograph. A separate group includes such a source of variability as the individual preferences of the scribe. Analysis of the graphic and orthographic portrait of each of the scribes who participated in the creation of the texts under study allows us to determine the approximate time and place of creation of the protograph, as well as changes characteristic of each stage of conscious processing of the text. As a result of the study, a diagram was drawn up that clearly demonstrates the relationships between the texts under study.

The Origin of North Mesopotamian Arabic

This research paper explores the origin and distinct characteristics of the Noarth Mesopotamian Arabic dialect, specifically the Moslawi dialect spoken in Mosul, northern Iraq. The study begins with tracing the roots of the Arabic language within the Semitic language family tree and examines the emergence of Modern Arabic Dialects. It highlights Ferguson's theory that these dialects originated from a asimplified Koine as the most plausible explanation. The paper then delves into the Mesopotamian dialect group, detailing the division into qeltu and gelet varieties through bedouinization. The phonological and lexical uniqueness of Moslawi is analyzed, emphasizing the persistent use of the phoneme /q/ by Moslawi speakers and the systematic vowel-raising rule that differentiates it from other dialects. Extensive language contact, with Persian, Turkish, Hindi, Kurdish, and English, is also discussed, which explains the numerous borrowed words in Moslawi. This research underscores the complex historical and sociolinguistic factors contributing to the distinctiveness of the Moslawi dialect within the broader context of Arabic dialects.

Verdifullt om verbkongruens

In his excellent thesis from 2022, Adam Horn af Åminne discusses the reduction and loss of agreement for person and number in North Germanic in general, and in South-West Swedish dialects in particular. In this paper, I adhere to the tradition of doctoral thesis defences in Scandinavia, which is both to summarise the work and to question some of the conclusions. The thesis presentsa valuable survey of the process of gradual reduction and ultimate loss. It incorporates insights from typological linguistics and it tracks the final stages in South-West Swedish dialects of the 19th and 20th centuries in detail. The fact that this kind of agreement remained for so long has received too little attention up until now, so the thesis is a welcome contribution. The reduction process is also studied in particular individuals; the author uses the old dialectological data in a new way. He shows differences between dialect areas, and that the newer patterns tend to turn up first in areas that are more ‘central’. Where we have traditionally seen a dialect levelling in Sweden, the author sees a language shift. Arguments are presented for seeing the process as simplification. On this point, however, I am somewhat sceptical. While the final outcome may look like simplification, many intermediate stages do not, making it difficult to believe that simplification is the motivation for the process.

Language variation on Arabic undergraduate degree courses in England: students’ perspectives

ABSTRACT Despite recognition of Arabic as a diglossic language with multiple regional varieties (RVs) and studies acknowledging the flexible nature of the language continuum, Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) continues to be prioritised in undergraduate degree courses. For the measurability of learning development, second language (L2) classes have traditionally focused on the standard variety. However, the field of applied linguistics acknowledges that language variation is an aspect of all languages that needs to be considered when learning and teaching L2s. This study investigates how students at eight of the nine higher education institutions in England offering undergraduate degree courses with a major component in Arabic perceive and experience language variation. It takes a mixed-methods explanatory approach, comprising 122 student questionnaires and 15 student interviews. This study finds that undergraduate degree students are not prepared fully for the sociolinguistic reality of Arabic usage, leading to concerns and frustrations when coming into contact with authentic language use. More needs to be done to raise awareness of how Arabic is used in practice from the beginning of courses. This would improve students’ experiences when communicating in Arabic, whilst also providing them with a theoretical knowledge of how the language operates.

Stance detection in Arabic with a multi-dialectal cross-domain stance corpus

We present a cross-domain and multi-dialectal stance corpus for Arabic, covering the major dialect groups and four Arab regions. This research provides an important language resource for automating the task of stance detection in Dialectal Arabic while carefully considering the subtle differences in stance expression across various dialects. More than 4500 sentences in our corpus have been carefully annotated according to their stance with regard to a certain subject. We gathered sentences associated with two controversial topics for every region and we had at least two annotators annotate each sentence to indicate if the author is supporting, opposing, or neutral to the sentence’s topic. Our corpus shows high balance between dialect and stance. About half of the sentences in each region are written in Modern Standard Arabic, while the other half are written in the specific dialect of that region. To evaluate our corpus, we performed a number of machine-learning experiments for the stance detection task. The best performance was achieved by AraBERT with an accuracy and an F1-score of 0.82. Furthermore, we trained and tested this model on the most similar state-of-the-art stance dataset, “MAWQIF”. The comparison results demonstrate how crucial it is to maintain balance among the three stance classes in our dataset. In particular, the model scored better when using our stance corpus than when using the MAWQIF dataset especially for the “Neutral” stance class. Using our best performing model, we developed a Web-based demonstrator for stance detection in dialectal Arabic and we show its effectiveness in analyzing stance in the context of two real-world scenarios: product boycott in the Arab world and customer reviews of a soft drink company.

Integration of Gentry and Merchants in Singapore’s Chinese Community and Their Realist Policies (1877–1941)

In colonial times Chinese merchants in Singapore aspired to the status of gentry, played the role of gentry in society, and performed social functions of gentry. At the same time, some gentry became involved in trade to gain, maintain and expand their power and prestige. We call the phenomenon the integration of gentry and merchants. In the traditional research paradigm scholars have analyzed the phenomenon in terms of national, political, and cultural identity. It is true that Chinese merchant leaders in Singapore of that time considered themselves patriots of China and were devoted to China at heart. But this article reinterprets some aspects of the Chinese diaspora in Singapore. The authors outline three major sources of power: personal business networks, the Chinese government and consulate, the colonial government. To gain power, merchants used five main strategies: expanding cultural nexus of power, interlocking officership, leading political or cultural movement, political loyalty, family legacy and marriage alliances. There were four main organizational models: dialect group association, chamber of Commerce across dialect groups, British-Chinese association, and modern political organizations. Their activities are divided into four types: philanthropic business, political movements, social reform, comprehensive activities. The integration of gentry and merchants and their realist policies reflected social needs, traditional Chinese values and psychological needs. It was the essence of their economic, social and cultural activities to acquire, maintain and expand their wealth, power and prestige.

Computer-assisted syllable analysis of continuous speech as a measure of child speech disordera).

In this study, a computer-driven, phoneme-agnostic method was explored for assessing speech disorders (SDs) in children, bypassing traditional labor-intensive phonetic transcription. Using the SpeechMark® automatic syllabic cluster (SC) analysis, which detects sequences of acoustic features that characterize well-formed syllables, 1952 American English utterances of 60 preschoolers were analyzed [16 with speech disorder present (SD-P) and 44 with speech disorder not present (SD-NP)] from two dialectal areas. A four-factor regression analysis evaluated the robustness of seven automated measures produced by SpeechMark® and their interactions. SCs significantly predicted SD status (p < 0.001). A secondary analysis using a generalized linear model with a negative binomial distribution evaluated the number of SCs produced by the groups. Results highlighted that children with SD-P produced fewer well-formed clusters [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.8116, p ≤ 0.0137]. The interaction between speech group and age indicated that the effect of age on syllable count was more pronounced in children with SD-P (IRR = 1.0451, p = 0.0251), suggesting that even small changes in age can have a significant effect on SCs. In conclusion, speech status significantly influences the degree to which preschool children produce acoustically well-formed SCs, suggesting the potential for SCs to be speech biomarkers for SD in preschoolers.

„Et fehlt dä Ruhrpott, verstehste!“. Dialekt als Stance-Ressource in der digitalen Interaktion

Abstract This article sheds light on the functionality of dialect performance in digital writing on Instagram. Within an interactional-sociolinguistic framework, two Instagram posts (by aroundtheword; responsible: ZDF) which deal with the German-speaking dialect area including follow-up communication (1,068 comments) are analysed. The main research questions guiding this article are (1) for what specific purpose dialect is used in the analysed Instagram comments and (2) which functional patterns of dialect use can be identified in this form of digital interaction. The corpus study presented follows a mixed methods approach and thus integrates descriptive quantitative and qualitative analyses. In theoretical and methodological terms, the study is based on widely accepted models of stance research (Du Bois 2007) as well as media and internet linguistic concepts (Beißwenger 2020). From this theoretical perspective, Instagram communication is investigated as a (typical) format of a digital and interaction-orientated stance practice. The present study provides insights into the stance potential of dialect performance: it not only serves as a marker of authenticity and a resource for identity construction (referring to regionality) but is also an essential means of community building (as part of alignment) and epistemic-evidential positioning.

Vocabulary Development and Kinship Level of Javanese Dialect: Dialect Geography Studies

This study aims to explore the extent of vocabulary and kinship changes in Javanese dialects in Yogyakarta Special Region between 2019 and 2023. Data tapping was conducted at a number of observation points, namely in the villages of Kebonrejo (Kulonprogo), Pakem Binangun (Sleman), Segoroyoso (Bantul), Planjan (Gunungkidul), and Ngringin (Gunungkidul). The data were obtained using the basic Morris Swadesh vocabulary, the universal vocabulary of the world's languages. By looking at the data obtained from the same observation points in 2019 and 2023, it is possible to compare the vocabulary developed in Javanese dialects. From the data comparison, it is also possible to compare the level of kinship between dialects to see if there is a shift in their status from different speech, subdialect, dialect, or language. The data were obtained by tapping method with recording and note-taking techniques, then analyzed by comparison, introspection, and dialectometry methods, and presented by formal methods in the form of tables and figures and informal methods in the form of ordinary narratives. The results show changes in vocabulary and kinship levels caused by internal elements, namely vocabulary development, heterogloss, and dialectometry, and external language, namely factors of dialect supporting communities, dialect area development, and the Covid-19 pandemic.

The dialect chain tree

A perennial conflict in historical linguistics centers around the theoretical and practical virtues of tree-like divergence and wave-like diffusion. This paper presents the Dialect Chain Tree, an extension of the tree model that incorporates both tree-like descent and disintegration of dialect chains in a systematic fashion. As such, it provides a formalization and sharpening of Ross’ (1997: 212–228) linkage concept that allows integration into quantitative approaches.

Toward a New Geographic Classification of Dialectal Groups in the Sultanate of Oman

Toward a New Geographic Classification of Dialectal Groups in the Sultanate of Oman

On the asymmetry of wh-doubling in varieties of German and Dutch

Abstract This paper combines experimental, theoretical and quantitative approaches to syntactic microvariation. The empirical goal is to clarify the situation with respect to wh-doubling (also: wh-copying) in varieties of German and Dutch. With a large-scale survey in the German and Dutch language areas we sought to establish which speakers allow wh-doubling, which speakers allow right-complexity, i.e., configurations in which the lower copy of the wh-dependency is more complex that the higher one, and which speakers allow left-complexity, i.e., the reverse, with a more complex higher copy. We also wanted to know whether there are associations between these properties, to identify groups of speakers and dialects. We found three types of grammars: (i) a grammar that allows both wh-doubling and right- and left-complexity, (ii) a grammar that allows wh-doubling and has a strong preference for right-complexity over left-complexity, and (iii) a grammar that does not allow any wh-doubling configuration. This shows that there is a clear limit to variation in this domain. Grammars with a preference for left-complexity do not exist. We then point out the consequences of these findings for the copy theory of movement, and for analyses that enrich this theory with the option of partial deletion.