Diagonal Slot Research Articles

Design of a compact filter integrated wideband and circularly polarized antenna array for K-band application

A compact filtering mechanism in the antenna system is required to avoid unwanted incoming electromagnetic waves in the working frequency band. A circularly polarized (CP), wideband, and high gain antenna array co-design with a wide bandpass filter (BPF) for a K-band satellite application at (17.7 to 21.2) GHz is studied in this paper. Antenna array elements with diagonal slots and BPF in the same frequency are compatible. For maximum radiation efficiency, the input impedance of the slotted 16 × 16 elements antenna array is matched to 50 Ω and equal to the output impedance of the BPF in the operating band. To implement the filtering concept, a co-design is modeled and simulated. The suggested wideband BPF and antenna array are integrated on a combined aperture, manufactured, and tested experimentally. Based on the results of the tests, it can be concluded that the suggested filtering antenna array is well matched (|S11| < −15 dB) throughout a wide frequency band of 17.7 GHz to 21.2 GHz. The final structure simulated and measured 3 dB axial ratio covers the functional spectrum with a maximum 25.3 dBi gain. High directive beams with a 20 dB cross-polarization suppression level in E & H planes are simulated and measured. Due to these advantages, the suggested antenna is an attractive option for use in K-band 3U satellite applications to minimize the requirement for extra filtering circuits in the RF system.

Clutter Effect Investigation on Co-Polarized Chipless RFID Tags and Mitigation Using Cross-Polarized Tags, Analytical Model, Simulation, and Measurement.

Chipless radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is expected to replace barcode technology due to its ability to read in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) situations, long reading range, and low cost. Currently, there is extensive research being conducted on frequency-coded (FC) co-polarized radar cross-section (RCS)-based tags, which are widely used. However, detecting co-polarized chipless RFID tags in cluttered environments is still a challenge, as confirmed by measuring two co-polarized tags in front of a perfect metal reflector (30.5cm×22.5cm). To address this challenge, a realistic mathematical model for a chipless RFID system has been developed that takes into account the characteristics of the reader and the tag, as well as reflections from cluttered objects. This extensive mathematical model developed for linear chipless RFID systems in clutter scenarios holds the potential to greatly assist researchers in their exploration of RCS-based tags. By relying solely on simulations, this model provides a tool to effectively analyze and understand RCS-based tags, ultimately simplifying the process of generating more authentic tag designs. This model has been simulated and verified with measurement results by placing a single flat metal reflector behind two co-polarized one-bit designs: a dipole array tag and a square patch tag. The results showed that the interfering signal completely overlaps the ID of the co-polarized tag, severely limiting its detectability. To solve this issue, the proposed solution involves reading the tag in cross-polarization mode by etching a diagonal slot in the square patch tag. This proposed tag provides high immunity to the environment and can be detected in front of both dielectric and metallic objects.

A Wideband Circularly Polarized Filtering Antenna Based on Slot-Patch Structure

This letter presents a wideband circularly polarized (CP) antenna with filtering radiation response based on a slot-patch structure. The proposed CP filtering antenna is composed of a top patch, a middle microstrip-to- (“+”-shape) slot structure, and a bottom metallic reflector. The middle layer not only functions as a slot-coupled feeding structure but also operates as a driven slot CP antenna. The top and bottom layers are used to reduce the slot antenna backside radiation and enhance the antenna axial ratio (AR) bandwidth. In addition, a diagonal slot etched on the patch and an additional E-shaped slot on the middle layer can generate the lower- and upper-band radiation zeros, respectively. For verification, the antenna is implemented. The measured results show that the overlapping bandwidth of the impedance and AR bandwidth is 46.9% (3.35-5.40 GHz). The measured average CP gain is about 7.6 dBic. High frequency selectivity and better than 10 dB out-of-band radiation rejection level is obtained. Compared to the conventional filtering CP design method which employs the filter or resonator feeding circuit, the proposed design features a simple structure, higher realized gain and wider AR/impedance overlapping bandwidth.

Circularly polarized stub-loaded annular ring patch antenna for 2×2 MIMO satellite application

In this article, a stub loaded circularly polarized annular ring patch antenna which operates at 3–5 GHz band for 2×2 MIMO Satellite application is proposed. The evolution of antenna begins with a conventional annular ring patch antenna, addition of diagonal slots and integrated with λ/2 hair pin stub loaded annular ring patch to improve isolation and circular polarization. The antenna isolation is a critical parameter and important requirement of MIMO system. In satellite communications, circular polarization is used to improve the quality and reliability of the communication link between the satellite and the ground station. The antenna achieves circular polarization and mutual coupling through diagonal slots and stub-loaded design without any additional decoupling techniques. The overall size of the proposed MIMO antenna is 63 × 63 × 1.52 mm3 which is fabricated over Rogers RO3003 substrate. The proposed antenna design is simulated, fabricated, tested and analyzed for various parameters such as Reflection coefficient,Isolation Gain, radiation pattern, Axial ratio (AR), Envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), Diversity gain (DG), Channel capacity (CC) and total efficiency. The isolation of <−22 dB, gain of 7.1 dB, axial ratio<3 dB, diversity gain of 9.9 dB, ECC<0.002,CC of 11.23bps/Hz and efficiency>95% are obtained. The measured 10 dB impedance bandwidth of 270MHz and 3 dB AR bandwidth of 250MHz in the desired band are achieved. The simulated and measured antenna parameters are agreeable with each other. The results are found to be promising and having high potential in the 5G and Satellite MIMO.

Bio-Inspired Circular-Polarized UHF RFID Tag Design Using Characteristic Mode Analysis

This paper presents a bio-inspired circularly polarized ultra-high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) tag antenna for metallic and low-permittivity substances. This tag design is based on a leaf-shaped radiator, two shorting stubs and slots etched on F4B substrate. Initially, the tag antenna is designed using characteristics mode analysis (CMA) by analyzing the first six CM modes and characteristic angles. The width of orthogonal slots is varied to get the resonance of CM modes in the required US RFID band. Moreover, the edges are blended to get orthogonal current distribution, which is necessary for circular polarization. Additionally, the proposed tag design is optimized further using CST Microwave studio and an RFID chip is exploited as a capacitive coupling element (CCE) to run CM modes with the orthogonal current pattern. This tag can also be tunable to European RFID (EU) band (866 – 868 MHz) by changing the length of shorter diagonal slot. The tag design offers a read range of 7 m and 4.5 m on 100 × 100 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> metals plate and low-permittivity substrates, respectively (for 902 – 928 MHz band). In EU band, the corresponding read ranges are 5.7 m and 3.5 m above metal and low-permittivity objects, respectively. This circularly polarized tag antenna is advantageous in terms of cost, circular polarization feature, and ease of fabrication due to the absence of vias, shorting pins, and matching circuits. Therefore, this tag design is suitable for labeling various low-permittivity objects, industrial conveyer belt applications, baggage handling systems, and IoT applications.

Horizontally Polarized Omnidirectional Antenna Using Slotted Rectangular Patch and Defected Ground Structure

An investigation of novel techniques in the designing of a low profile, horizontally polarized omnidirectional (HPO) patch antenna with omnidirectionality in the H-plane using a defected ground structure is presented in this study. The HPO patch antenna is designed by sequentially etching four rectangular and four open diagonal slots symmetrically on the patch and the antenna's ground plane. It creates four quarterwavelength open stubs that produce an in-phase circulating current on both the ground and the patch. Narrow bandwidth is achieved by using the four quarter-wavelength open stubs and by printing sequential slots only on the ground. Another set of four quarter-wavelength shorted stubs is achieved by sequentially etching four rectangular and open diagonal slots on the patch to resonate with another frequency and to increase the bandwidth by merging these two resonance frequencies. Combining these two resonance frequencies covers the applications of 2.39–2.52 GHz WiFi bands. The overall dimension of the proposed antenna structure is 0.32 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ×0.32 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ×0.006 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> with 5.51% bandwidth and moderate gain of 2.2dBi and roundness within 1 dB in the azimuth plane.

2.45/5.8 GHz 무선전력전송 시스템에 적용 가능한 광대역 고이득 인쇄형 안티포달 비발디 안테나 설계

This paper proposed a broadband, high-gain antipodal Vivaldi antenna for 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz wireless power transmission systems. The proposed antenna consists of a radiator with two flares and diagonal slots which are inserted at the edges of the radiator to improve the bore-sight gain. The diagonal slots reduce radiation gain in undesired directions, thus enhancing the bore-sight gain by 4.1 dB at 2.45 GHz. The directors between two upper flares concentrate the E-field, resulting in increased bore-sight gain at 5.8 GHz. The performance of the proposed antenna is measured in a full anechoic chamber, and it is confirmed that reflection coefficients are less than −10 dB in ISM bands, with bore-sight gains of 8.31 dBi and 13.1 dBi at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, respectively.

MIMO antenna array with the capability of dual polarization reconfiguration for 5G mm-wave communication

This communication presents a polarization reconfigurable antenna array (PRAA) with Multi-input Multi-output (MIMO) formation for 5th generation (5G) millimeter wave (mm-Wave) communications. At first a single corner curtailed diagonal slotted cylindrical patch is printed on Roger RT Duriod 5880 and the overall size of the single antenna is 12 × 12 × 0.787 mm3. The circular polarization (CP) is realized by adding the diagonal slot in the circular patch. The antenna design is extended into two elements antenna array which occupies 20 × 20 × 0.787 mm3 footprint. The collection is formed using a T-shaped power divider/combiner. Pin-diodes are integrated with the patches to switch the polarization state between LP (Linear polarization) and CP radiation. The edge-to-edge distance between antenna elements is 6 mm. The design covers the 25.2–29.4 GHz band, and the maximum peak gain is 11.5 dBi. Moreover, a two-port (2 × 2) MIMO design is formed to increase the channel capacity. To isolate the ports, a sin-like slot is engraved in the ground, defected ground structure (DGS) technique of mutual coupling reduction; it can easily be implemented and increases the design efficiency. The port isolation is well above 30 dB for the entire operating band. Moreover, the Mean Effective Gain (MEG), Diversity Gain (DG), and Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) are investigated, which are key performance metrics of MIMO. A prototype of the realized MIMO antenna system is fabricated, and the simulated outcomes carried out by Computer Simulation Technology (CST) tools are validated by experimental findings.

A high‐gain and low cross‐polarized printed fractal antenna for X‐band wireless application

SummaryThis paper presents a newly introduced fractal microstrip patch antenna for X‐band wireless application. The proposed fractal printed antenna possesses a fourfold centrosymmetric structure and gives considerably high gain with relatively low cross‐polarization along the entire half‐power beamwidth (HPBW) region of its radiation pattern. The proposed structure has been derived through selectively etching intersection parts between 4 symmetric lens and 13 circle geometries. In order to resonate the structure as well as to reduce the cross‐polarization, three diagonal slots have been etched from its ground plane. The fabricated prototype resonates at 8.49 GHz and gives a gain and impedance bandwidth of 6.98 dBi and 494 MHz, respectively. The measured cross‐polarization of the antenna along the direction of the main beam is −34.28 dB. The measured radiation efficiency and the computed aperture efficiency of the prototype are 91.96% and 78.25%, respectively. The fabricated prototype shows a very good agreement between its simulated and measured results and hence is a suitable candidate for X‐band‐related wireless applications.

Simulated and experimental verification of the microwave dual-band metamaterial perfect absorber based on square patch with a 450 diagonal slot structure

In this paper, we designed a dual band metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) for Ku band applications. The overall ultrathin layer of proposed absorber consists of square patch with 450 diagonal slot structure within a copper square patch which loaded on both sides of dielectric thickness 1.6 mm FR-4 substrate. The results show that designed MPA gives two absorption bands at 12.45 and 14.18 GHz and absorption rates are 99.73% and 99.87% respectively. The proposed dual-band absorber has a polarization sensitive characteristic, the absorption performance is almost changing with different polarization angles. Furthermore, resonance centres of two absorption bands can be adjusted by changing related parameters. The novelties of proposed structure are simple, easy fabricate, low cost, durable, suitable for real-time applications and long-term stability considering the fabrication technique and non-destructive measurement method. The dualband absorber can be used in practical applications such as bolometer, EM wave spatial filter and satellite communications.

Compact Circularly Polarized Slotted Symmetric V slits Microstrip Patch Antenna for ISM Band Applications

This paper presents a short microstrip patch antenna and analyzes its characteristics in simulation and measured ways. The proposed antenna is meant to be used from 2.4 to 2.5 GHz at the resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz Industrial, Science, and Medical (ISM) spectrum. Besides, insert a diagonal slot in the main patch, and two cutting edges with V-slit gives the antenna to propagate a circular polarization pattern. The paper aims to start learning a simple C.P. patch antenna supported the basic concept of microstrip antenna theory. A single-feed C.P., truncated corners, and slit and slot methods are employed to model the antenna apart from its parametric study. The substrate material of the developed antenna is FR-4, and it's a relative permittivity of 4.4. The antenna incorporates a compact overall size of 0.389λ0 × 0.389λ0 × 0.013λ0, where λ0 is that the corresponding free-space wavelength at 2.45 GHz. FEKO has been used for not only designing the antenna model but also analyzing its performances. Simulated and measured results have reported that the antenna can work in ISM bands (2.42-2.5 GHz) with VSWR&lt; 2, low realized gain, and the limited 3-dB axial ratio at 2.45 GHz.

Particle swarm optimization based metamaterial inspired circularly polarized patch antenna for S band applications

In this paper Particle Swarm Optimization technique (PSO) has been used to design a metamaterial inspired circularly polarised patch antenna with truncated corners and embedded square slots. The circular polarization has been achieved by trimming the corners of the square patch along one of its diagonal and square slots have been embedded along these truncated corners to improve the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of this proposed antenna. To achieve the maximum axial ratio bandwidth, the dimensions of this square slot have been optimized using PSO algorithm. Without any square slot, the axial ratio bandwidth of the patch antenna is 700 MHz. However, when square slots are embedded along the trimmed corners, with slot length w = 2.3 mm, axial ratio bandwidth of 1150 MHz is achieved. But, when PSO is applied to obtain the optimized dimension of this square slot so as to maximize this axial ratio bandwidth, the optimised w is determined to be 2.8 mm and the axial ratio bandwidth with this optimized slot length is determine to be 1600 MHz. Thus it is observed that by using the optimized value of w, obtained by using PSO technique, improvement in axial ratio bandwidth by 450 MHz is observed. To improve its gain, an array of splitted circular metamaterial rings is etched on the ground plane of this proposed patch antenna. The circularly polarised patch antenna with truncated corners resonates at 2.4 GHz with gain of 4.8 dBic and impedance bandwidth of 600 MHz. However, when square shaped slots of optimized length are embedded in the truncated corners and metamaterial substrate is loaded on the ground plane of this antenna, its gain reaches to 5.2 dBic. All simulations are done in an electronic simulator, HFSS.

Slot antenna excited by novel substrate integrated coaxial line cavity for millimetre wave application

In this Letter, a novel compact slot antenna has been realised using substrate integrated coaxial line (SICL) cavity. SICL technology helps to achieve cavity size of 0.41 λ 0 × 0.48 λ 0 while maintaining its inherent advantage of self shielded and low loss transmission line at millimetre frequencies. A SICL cavity is designed by shorting the middle conductor at the two edges and keeping the other two edges separated from the sidewall. The eigenmode analysis affirms the presence of a dominant TEM mode at 28 GHz along with the presence of SICL even and odd modes. A half wavelength diagonal slot is etched on the bottom plate of the cavity to disturb the TEM mode surface current at 28 GHz. Measurement results show the SICL cavity backed slot antenna exhibits a gain of 5.6 dBi at 28.6 GHz and high front-to-back ratio better than 17 dB. The SICL-based cavity exhibits millimetre wave resonance with much smaller size, which helps to improve the compactness of the design. The proposed antenna can be used for millimetre wave applications like handheld mobile devices at millimetre-wave frequencies.

Antena Susun Berpolarisasi Sirkular dengan Menggunakan Distribusi Daya Dolph Tschebycheff (Circularly Polarized Array Antenna Using Dolph Tschebycheff Power Distribution)

This paper discusses the design and realization of circularly polarized array antenna using Dolph Tschebycheff power distribution. The advantages of implementing circular polarization yield the array antenna suitable for outdoor communication system and can minimize the Faraday effect. The Dolph Tschebycheff power distribution is used to suppress the side lobe of array antenna. The proposed array antenna, which is intended to operate at the frequency of 5.3 GHz, consists of five square patch elements with seven diagonal slots upon each element to enhance the bandwidth and to produce the circular polarization. The array antenna is designed and realized using two layers of FR-4 epoxy dielectric substrate with the dimension of 119 mm × 44.1 mm and the thickness of 0.8 mm for each dielectric substrate. Each patch element is fed using a proximity coupling technique excited through a 50 Ω SMA connector. The measurement results show the bandwidth of 720 MHz, the side lobe level of 12.39 dB, the gain of more than 6 dBi around the frequency of 5.3 GHz, and the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 200 MHz. It seems that the realized array antenna could produce wide bandwidth, low side lobe level, and circular polarization, so that it is suitable for WLAN application.

Planar Pyramid Shaped UHF RFID Tag Antenna With Polarisation Diversity for IoT Applications Using Characteristics Mode Analysis

This paper presents a novel dual polarised tag antenna design for ultra-high frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) featuring polarisation or frequency band diversity using characteristic mode analysis. The proposed tag design consists of two meandered line bowtie or dipole-like structure (resembles with planar pyramid), shorting stubs, and a ground plane. The initial design comprises of an upper patch wrapped around FR 4 substrate and shorted from all side to ground plane using shorting stubs. After running the characteristic mode analysis of the initial design, the diagonal slots are created to transform the resonant behavior of corresponding characteristic modes towards lower frequency band. However, the characteristics modes of diagonal slots-based structure still shows inductive behavior in US RFID band (902 - 928 MHz). Therefore, the parallel slots having capacitive performance are etched to realise the resonance behaviour of modes in the required RFID band. The positions and dimensions of parallel slots are optimised further to achieve a better conjugate impedance match with RFID chip. Moreover, the frequency band of one or both meandered line dipole-like structures can be tuned to European UHF RFID band by varying the length of the shorting walls. The RFID chip is directly placed at the current minima to run diversity modes. The overall dimensions of the proposed tag antenna are 50×50×2 mm 3 hence making this dual polarised tag antenna low-cost and easy to fabricate due to the absence of vias, shorting pins, and any matching circuit. Additionally, the proposed tag design offers 3-dB bandwidth ranging from 900 MHz to 940 MHz (40 MHz) together with orientation insensitive 3D read range pattern. The proposed tag design achieved a read range of 5.5 m and 8.5 m on low permittivity dielectric material and 200 × 200 mm 2 metal plate, respectively.

Single-layer wideband high-gain circularly polarized patch antenna with parasitic elements

This paper presents a single-layer circularly polarized (CP) antenna with wideband operation and high gain characteristics. The antenna consists of a squared patch with a diagonal slot as a primary radiating source and a set of symmetrical multiple squared patches on the same plane as the patch, acting as parasitic elements. The parasitic elements are employed to significantly increase not only the 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth but also the broadside gain radiation. For a demonstration of the design concept, an antenna prototype with an overall volume of 1.18λo × 1.18λo × 0.05λo (λo is the center operating frequency) is fabricated and tested. The detailed design process and the measurements are described and discussed. The measured data indicates that the proposed antenna achieves operating bandwidth of 14.7% (5.05–5.85 GHz) for |S11| ≤ –10 dB and AR ≤ 3 dB. In addition, the fabricated antenna also exhibits high gain radiation from 9.1 to 10.8 dBi within the operating bandwidth.

Variations of Slot Cut and Stub Loaded Square Microstrip Antenna for Circular Polarization

Modified technique to produce circular polarization for square, nearly square microstrip antenna using diagonal slots of different shapes, slits, stub at corners of antenna is proposed. Diagonally embedded slots are perpendicular to stubs which yield orthogonal modes to give circular polarization. In-depth explanation for orthogonal mode degeneration using different slots shape, its impact on various antenna parameters and sense of rotation is discussed. VSWR, axial ratio bandwidth greater than 38% and 4.1% is obtained respectively. Resultant gain and cross polar level is 8 and 23 dBi. Antenna parameters are compared for square, nearly square microstrip antenna for different slot shapes. Major contribution of paper is empirical formulation of resonant frequencies corresponding to orthogonal modes from its surface current distribution. Close agreement is observed between simulated and calculated resonant frequency from proposed formulations.

Microstrip dual mode multi-bandpass filters based on tree fractal slotted resonator for wireless communication

Dual mode microstrip multi-bandpass filter is proposed with tree fractal slot on a square patch resonator. The tree fractal slotted resonators are generated from conventional square patch using an iterative tree fractal generator method. A single square patch is used for realizing both dual and tri-bandpass filters exploiting the dominant, higher order and its corresponding degenerate resonant modes by the tree fractal iteration on the diagonal unequal slots on the square patch.The resonant peaks, transmission zeros and bandwidth of the pass bands can be tuned by varying the length and width of the fractal slot. By optimizing various parameters dual mode dual and tri-band pass filters are simulated, fabricated and measured. The proposed filter finds application in wireless communication devices and falls in the bands of GSM, WLAN, Bluetooth, Zigbee, WiMax and WiFi.

Pair of diagonal slots loaded low‐profile circularly polarised patch antenna with wide 3 dB axial ratio beamwidth

A low-profile circularly polarised (CP) antenna with wide 3 dB axial ratio beamwidth (ARBW) is proposed in this study. The possibilities of widening the 3 dB ARBW of single diagonal slot-loaded conventional CP antenna have been explored successfully by incorporating a pair of rectangular slots along the diagonal line of a square patch antenna. The design parameters and the symmetrical arrangement of this pair of slots across the centre of the patch are crucial to adjust and achieve the wide 3 dB ARBW with high CP purity. Coupling between the two diagonal slots provides nearly equal E θ and E φ radiation patterns over a large angular range, and hence the 3 dB ARBW has been enhanced by 85.71 and 55.4% for φ = 0° and φ = 90° planes, respectively, in comparison to the conventional slot-loaded CP antenna. The minimum 3 dB ARBW of 208° and a maximum of 230° have been achieved across different planes of radiation φ = 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135° with a minimum axial ratio of 0.20 dB only. The absolute planar antenna of size (0.29 × 0.29 × 0.013)λ0 3, where λ0 is the free-space wavelength corresponding to the CP frequency, has been fabricated and tested. The measured and simulated results show fair consistency to each other.

Analysis and Development of Triangular Gasket Diagonal Slot Embedded Fractal Patch Antenna for Multiband Wireless Applications

This paper presents novel reduced size diagonal slot embedded Triangular Gasket fractal patch antenna for multiband wireless applications. The diagonal slot geometry is embedded in triangular patch antenna for initial size reduction of the basic cell and further miniaturization is achieved by fractalization of the cell upto third order. Three frequency resonances of 2.4, 6.5 and 9.23 GHz are optimized for WiFi, WiMAX and WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) applications in the S, C and X frequency bands. Size reduction upto 55.32 and 80.74% is achieved in terms of whole antenna area and copper cladding remaining respectively in comparison to triangular patch antenna. Antenna 3D (Three-Dimensional) modeling, simulation and optimization for the desired BW (Bandwidth) and gain requirements are done in HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) and CST (Computer Simulation Technology). Effects of embedding diagonal slot in the basic triangular cell is analyzed in terms of the diagonal slot length and width with corresponding frequency response variations. Microstrip feed line dimensions and ground plane separation from the radiating top layer is optimized for achieving acceptable BWs less than -10 dB for the desired multiple resonances. E-field, H-field, current density and surface current plots are presented to verify the radiations for multiband wireless applications. Proposed slot embedded fractal radiator is fabricated and measured frequency responses and gain patterns are demonstrated in comparison with simulated results for verification of the concept.