Diagonal Line Research Articles

Nonlinear recurrence quantification of the monsoon-season heavy rainy-days over northwest Himalaya for the baseline and future periods

Indian summer monsoon has the characteristics of nonlinear dynamical systems. This study verifies the hypothesis that monsoon-season heavy rainy-day climatology over northwest Himalaya would exhibit certain degree of determinism, and expected to modify in its future state due to warming. Hence, recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) leading to quantification of recurrence rate (RR) and determinism (DET) are used. The monsoon-season heavy rainy-day climatologies are computed by area averaging heavy rainy-day (i.e. any day having rainfall ≥35.5 mm) of northwestern Indian Himalaya of Uttarakhand (UK), Himachal Pradesh (HP), and Union Territory of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh (JKL). Nonlinear characteristics are identified for a baseline period of 1970–2005 using APHRODITE data, and a bias corrected ensemble data for the future period of 2041–2099 produced using five CORDEX experiments under two warming scenarios, RCP 4.5 and 8.5. The heavy rainy-day climatology during 1970–2005 is having a correlation dimension of 1.5 indicating fractal geometry of the system in phase space. Similarly, occurrences of diagonal lines in the recurrence plots of baseline period over JKL, HP, and UK indicated the system is governed by a nonlinear chaotic attractor. A higher recurrence rate during 1970–2005 over HP (RR = 0.123, DET = 0.83) indicated greater determinism than JKL (RR = 0.119, DET = 0.78) and UK (RR = 0.121, DET = 0.75). Mean prediction time of the nonlinear dynamical trajectories controlling heavy rainy-day climatology of 1970–2005 is noted to be higher over UK. Furthermore, the RQA patterns under warmer climates of RCP 4.5 and 8.5 during 2041–2099 over UK and JKL indicate gradual reduction in the deterministic structures in the phase space. Therefore, it can be inferred that the nonlinear dynamical system governing the monsoon-season heavy rainy-day climatology is expected to lose determinism over certain regions of northwestern Himalaya under warmer climates of RCP 4.5 and 8.5.

The Symbolic Meaning Of Motif Lereng Batik Garutan

Batik Garutan (Garut batik textiles) is part of Garut’s cultural heritage with historical and aesthetic values. The decorations of batik Garutan are naturalistic and reflect the characteristics of batik produced in coastal areas, because they receive cultural influences from other batik-producing areas such as Cirebon, Yogyakarta, Solo, Indramayu, Pekalongan, and even China. The creating mechanism of batik Garutan emphasizes more on the traditional values and habitual patterns that have been passed down through generations by adopting requests and orders from certain customers, but also based on the tastes of the batik craftsmen. In particular, batik Garutan contains no specific symbolic meaning, but the theme is being adapted to the form of the decoration. The characteristic of batik Garutan’s color composition is by using beige or gumading color. The visualization of batik Garutan is illustrated by its decorations, such as basic geometric shapes, geometric with fauna, geometric with flora, floral-shaped diagonal lines, and basic geometric shapes with flora and fauna. The lereng (slope) is the most dominant motif of batik Garutan. In general, it is shaped as ornament placed sideway or diagonal, and the pattern is almost the same, which is a repetition of certain forms. This study was conducted using qualitative methodology by collecting a variety of secondary data in order to understand more about the phenomenon, as well as using inductive approach in analyzing it. The aim of this study is so people could be aware of the characteristics of lereng motif and know about the symbolic meaning contained in each lereng motif in batik Garutan. Batik Garutan should be able to highlight its trademark as efforts to introduce and improve the existence of batik Garutan to be better known by various groups, so that it could be promoted appropriately, both domestically and internationally.

Efficacy of Patient-Specific Strategy: Catheter Ablation Strategy of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Based on Morphological Repetitiveness by Periodicity and Similarity

Efficacy of Patient-Specific Strategy: Catheter Ablation Strategy of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Based on Morphological Repetitiveness by Periodicity and Similarity

Two-step skeletization of binary images based on the Zhang-Suen model and the producing mask

The aim of the work is to limit excessive thinning and increase the resistance to contour noise of skeletons resulted from arbitrary binary image shape while maintaining a high skeletonization rate. The skeleton is a set of thin lines, the relative position, the size and shape, which conveys information of size, shape and orientation in space of the corresponding homogeneous region of the image. To ensure resistance to contour noise, skeletonization algorithms are built on the basis of several steps. Zhang-Suen algorithm is widely known by high-quality skeletons and average performance, which disadvantages are the blurring of diagonal lines with a thickness of 2 pixels and the totally disappear patterns of 2x2 pixels. To overcome them, a mathematical model that compensates the Zhang-Suen algorithm has proposed in this paper, along with a producing mask and two logical conditions for evaluating its elements.

Comparison of Four Ultrasonography-Based Risk Stratification Systems in Thyroid Nodules with Nondiagnostic/Unsatisfactory Cytology: A Real-World Study.

Simple SummaryAlthough ultrasound-based risk stratification systems (RSSs) including Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data Systems (TIRADSs) may play an important role in triaging nodules with nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory cytology, no previous studies have compared ultrasound-based RSSs for these nodules. In this retrospective, longitudinal, real-world study in Korea including 1143 thyroid aspirations with nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory results from 1125 patients, further diagnostic evaluations, including repeat fine-needle aspiration, were conducted more commonly as the categories of ultrasound-based RSSs increased. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines, Korean (K)-TIRADS, and American College of Radiology (ACR) TIRADS were more competent in predicting malignancy from nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory nodules. The EU-TIRADS, although it was also helpful, demonstrated less effective diagnostic performance in predicting malignancy for nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory nodules in Korea, where iodine intake is more than adequate. These findings have implications for developing and verifying universal guidelines for the ultrasound-based stratification of thyroid nodules and applying these guidelines to nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory nodules.We compared American Thyroid Association (ATA) guidelines, Korean (K)-Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data Systems (TIRADS), EU-TIRADS, and American College of Radiology (ACR) TIRADS in diagnosing malignancy for thyroid nodules with nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory cytology. Among 1143 nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory aspirations from April 2011 to March 2016, malignancy was detected in 39 of 89 excised nodules. The minimum malignancy rate was 7.82% in EU-TIRADS 5 and 1.87–3.00% in EU-TIRADS 3–4. In the other systems, the minimum malignancy rate was 14.29–16.19% in category 5 and ≤3% in the remaining categories. Although the EU-TIRADS category ≥ 5 exhibited the highest positive likelihood ratio (LR) of only 2.214, category ≥ 5 in the other systems yielded the highest positive LR of >5. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of all systems to predict malignancy were located statistically above the diagonal nondiscrimination line (P for ROC curve: EU-TIRADS, 0.0022; all others, 0.0001). The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) were not significantly different among the four systems. The ATA guidelines, K-TIRADS, and ACR TIRADS may be useful to guide management for nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory nodules. The EU-TIRADS, although also useful, exhibited inferior performance in predicting malignancy for nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory nodules in Korea, an iodine-sufficient area.

Computational evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy method with help recurrent analysis

Using the method of recurrent analysis of electroencephalograms of the brain with subsequent one-way analysis of variance, the effectiveness of the therapy method used in the clinic, associated with the formation of stable functional connections of the brain in patients with disorders of the functional state of the central nervous system corresponding to the initial stage of vascular pathology, was assessed. Decrease in the percentage of recurrent points located on the diagonal lines of recurrent diagrams and the coefficient of mutual correlation between the probabilities of recurrences of the light signal and the response of the brain to the theta and beta frequencies, as well as an increase in these indicators for the alpha-range frequencies after therapeutic effects, confirm the effectiveness of the considered therapy.

A real‐time touch control system design based on field‐programmable gate array via optimizing Bresenham algorithm for electrowetting displays

AbstractElectrowetting displays (EWDs) have the advantages of fast response speed and extremely low energy consumption. However, the function of real‐time touch control has not been realized in EWDs, and the rendering of hand‐drawn lines by a pixelated display has room for improvement, especially in the diagonal directions. The issue of clearly rendering diagonal lines drawn by touch control is not specific to EWDs, and the solution we offer can be beneficial to other display technologies. In this paper, a real‐time touch control system, which was based on field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) by optimizing Bresenham algorithm, was realized in EWDs. In hardware, Nios II processor was used as a main controller, I2C bus communication mode was used to establish a communication between a touch screen and the main controller, and MXEI1480 and MXEI2240 were used as driving chips to complete the design of EWD driver module. In software, Bresenham algorithm was optimized to add pixel points at diagonal corners for improving the clarity of line rendering. Then, touch coordinates were transmitted to the EWD driver module for displaying lines rendered. Experimental results showed that the lines rendered on the display by the optimized Bresenham algorithm were thicker and clearer.

Application of MRI-based Radiomics Models in the Assessment of Hepatic Metastasis of Rectal Cancer

To explore the clinical value of using radiomics models based on different MRI sequences in the assessment of hepatic metastasis of rectal cancer. 140 patients with pathologically confirm edrectal cancer were included in the study. They underwent baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between April 2015 and May 2018 before receiving any treatment. According to the results of liver biopsy, surgical pathology, and imaging, patients were put into two groups, the patients with hepatic metastasis and those without. T2 weighted images (T2WI), diffusion weighted images (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) images were used to draw the region of interest (ROI) of primary lesions on consecutive slices on ITK-SNAP. 3-D ROIs were generated and loaded into Artificial Intelligent Kit for extraction of radiomics features and 396 features were extracted for each sequence. The feature data were preprocessed on Python and the samples were oversampled, using Support Vector Machine-Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique (SVM-SMOTE) to balance the number of samples in the group with liver metastasis and the group with no liver metastasis at the end of the follow-up. Then, the samples were divided into the training cohort and the test cohort at a ratio of 2∶1. The logistic regression models were developed with selected radionomic features on R software. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and calibration curves were used to evaluate the performance of the models. In total, 52 patients with liver metastasis and 88 patients without liver metastasis at the end of follow-up were enrolled. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and T stage and N stage evaluated on the MRI images showed statistically significant difference between the two groups ( P<0.05). After data preprocessing and selecting, except for 17 non-radiomic features, the model combining T2WI, DWI and ADC features, the model of T2WI features alone, the model of DWI features alone and the model of ADC features alone were developed with 32 features, 10 features, 30 features and 15 features, respectively. The combined model (T2WI+DWI+ADC), the T2WI model, and the ADC model can assess hepatic metastasis accurately, with the area under curve ( AUC) on the train set reaching 93.5%, 89.2%, 90.6% and that of the test set reaching 80.8%, 80.5%, 81.4%, respectively. The combined model did not show a higher AUC than those of the T2WI and ADC alone models. Model based on DWI features has a slightly insufficient AUC of 90.3% in the train set and 75.1% in the test set. The calibration curve showed the smallest fluctuation in the combined model, which is closest fit to the diagonal reference line. The fluctuation in the three independent data set models were similar. The calibration curves of all the four models showed that as the risk increased, the prediction of the models turned from an underestimation to an overestimating the risk. In brief, the combined model showed the best performance, with the best fit to the diagonal reference line in calibration curve and high AUC comparable to the AUC of the T2WI model and ADC model. The performance of T2WI and ADC alone models were second to that of the combined model, while the DWI alone model showed relatively poor performance. Radiomics models based on MRI could be effectively used in assessing liver metastasis in rectal cancer, which may help determine clinical staging and treatment.

Direct numerical simulations on the flow past a thin square plate

Direct numerical simulations are performed to investigate the flow around an inclined thin square plate with a chord length-thickness aspect ratio of L/td = 50. The plate is inclined around its axis of symmetry in two approaches, which are denoted as the IS (lines connecting the midpoints of opposite edges) and IL (diagonal lines) conditions, respectively. The inclination angle (α) is considered between 0° and 60°, where α = 0° refers to the condition that the flow is normal to the plate. The Reynolds number (Re) based on the equivalent diameter (ld = 4L2 cos α/π) is in the range of 50≤Re≤350. In the considered Re-α space, four flow regimes, namely, steady state, periodic state, quasi-periodic state, and chaotic state, are all observed under both the IS and IL conditions. The periodic state with a low frequency modulation is observed under the IS condition but occurs at higher Re beyond the considered range under the IL condition. Overall, the critical Reynolds numbers at different bifurcations under the IS condition are lower than those under the IL condition. Compared to the IS condition, the flow under the IL condition tends to lose symmetry more easily, even for some cases in the periodic state area at α≤15°. Furthermore, a detailed comparison suggests that the critical Reynolds numbers at different bifurcations for the square plate are generally higher than those for the circular disk.

Walking on a Redline: Did Discriminatory U.S. Housing Policies Affect Greenspace Development?

Walking on a Redline: Did Discriminatory U.S. Housing Policies Affect Greenspace Development?

Coarse-Grained Sentiment Analysis Berbasis Natural Language Processing – Ulasan Hotel

Sentiment analysis adalah metode untuk memperoleh data dari berbagai platform yang tersedia di internet. Kemajuan teknologi memungkinkan mesin untuk mengenali suatu istilah yang dianggap sebagai opini positif maupun sebaliknya. Data-data dan opini tersebut berperan penting sebagai umpan balik produk, layanan, dan topik lainnya. Tanpa perlu memperoleh opini secara langsung dari masyarakat, pihak penyedia telah mendapatkan evaluasi yang penting guna mengembangkan diri. Bisnis perhotelan merupakan bidang yang terkait dengan jasa memberikan layanan pada pelanggan. Indikator keberlangsungan bisnis ini juga bergantung pada umpan balik pelanggannya dan dijadikan sebagai acuan untuk pengambilan kebijakan strategis. Teknik sentiment analysis berbasis Natural Language Processing dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Pada makalah ini prediksi dilakukan menggunakan classifier Random Forest (RF), sementara untuk merangkum kualitas classifier, digunakan kurva Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC). Kurva ROC berupa grafik yang baik untuk merangkum kualitas classifier. Semakin tinggi kurva berada di atas garis diagonal, semakin baik prediksinya, dengan nilai kurva ROC yang diperoleh sebesar 0,90. Terlihat hasil ulasan terhadap opini pelanggan terhadap jasa dan pelayanan yang diberikan oleh hotel untuk kategori positif lebih banyak daripada kategori negatif. Polaritas dari ulasan diperoleh 68% ulasan pelanggan berada pada area positif dan 32% berada pada area negatif.

Recurrent Quantification Analysis-Based Emotion Classification in Stroke Using Electroencephalogram Signals

Stroke is a cerebrovascular disorder, and one of the most common effects of stroke is emotional disturbances. This present work classifies six emotions (anger, sadness, happiness, fear, disgust, and surprise) of two types of stroke (left brain damage and right brain-damage) using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. EEG signals are collected from 19 each subject of LBD, RBD, and normal control (NC) at a sampling rate of 128 Hz. The IIR Bandpass filter and amplitude thresholding methods are used to reduce noise and artifacts' effects, respectively. Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform is used to extract five EEG frequency bands (alpha, beta, gamma, alpha to gamma, and beta to gamma). A set of nonlinear features are extracted from five different EEG frequency ranges using recurrent quantification analysis. Finally, the extracted features are mapped to six corresponding emotions using three nonlinear classifiers (K nearest neighbor, probabilistic neural network, and random forest). The experimental results indicate that LBD subjects have severe emotional impairment than RBD. The mean of diagonal line length ( ), recurrence rate, and maximum mean diagonal length (Lmax) feature give maximum classification rate of 85.24% NC, 79.54%, and 79.09% using RF classifier compared to other features. The alpha to gamma (13–49 Hz) band helps identify Stroke emotional state changes compared to other frequency bands.

Preliminary study on crosswind aerodynamics for a group of road race cyclists

Under crosswind conditions, road cyclists experience an extra drag force and a destabilising lateral force. In these conditions a group of cyclists manages to reorganise its spatial formation to minimise these forces forming an echelon, i.e a diagonal single pace line of riders staggered across the road, a configuration which is markedly different from those adopted in wind-free conditions. To study the effect of the crosswind on drag and lateral forces on the riders we performed wind-tunnel experiments using a scale model cyclist and measuring the forces by means of a load cell. Several configurations with one, two, and four cyclists have been investigated varying yaw angles. Results show that, in a basic 4 rider configuration at a 50 ^{circ } yaw angle, a sheltered rider within the echelon experiences less than 30% of the drag of the guttered rider behind the echelon, struggling against the crosswind. Furthermore, we show that an echelon is worth being adopted under crosswind conditions only beyond a 30 ^{circ } yaw angle. At this critical 30 ^{circ } yaw angle the drag on the guttered rider doubles when the gap to the front group increases from 10 cm to 1 m (in real scale). These results can be of interest in defining road cycling race strategies and they allow some significant configurations to be identified and further investigated in more complex experiments.

Numerical model of energy dissipation and shallow-water sloshing motions in tank under different coupled excitations

Shallow-water sloshing motions in a three-dimensional rectangular tank are investigated. The Boussinesq-type equations in terms of velocity potential and the finite-difference scheme are applied for the solutions of numerical model. Through linking the rate of decay of the wave amplitudes to the energy dissipation due to the friction at the tank walls, a linear damping term is proposed and added into the free surface boundary condition. Taking the tank under excited frequencies near the lowest natural frequency, the maximum transient wave amplitudes and steady-state wave amplitudes of sloshing motions at the tank wall are presented and verified by the experimental results given in the literature. The characteristics of sloshing motions in tank under different coupled excitations are studied. The results indicate that coupled surge-sway excitations lead to the weaker nonlinear sloshing motions in tank than the single degree of freedom excitations. The intersection of sloshing wave crest lines finally tend to the diagonal line of the tank under the coupled surge-sway excitations with different amplitudes. And the irregular free surface oscillations appear at the corners of the tank excited by the coupled surge-sway-roll-pitch-yaw harmonic motions.

PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT BUDI ANUGRAH BERSAMA

This study aims to examine the effect of the work environment (X) on employee performance (Y) at PT. Budi Anugrah Bersama. The approach taken is quantitative and type of research (explanatory research). The population and sample in the study were 61 people. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and questionnaires. Likert scale variables are examined. The questionnaire was tested with a validity test and a reliability test. Data processing using SPSS version 21.0, analyzed with descriptive statistical analysis and hypothesis testing with simple linear regression.The validity test results for the working environment are valid because r &gt; 0.3 and the reliability test shows reliable because of alpha cronboarch&gt; 0.6. Normality test is obtained at 0.05 and it is said that the data is normally distributed and on the normal line the plot shows the point of the graph spreading around the diagonal line and following the diagonal line.The conclusion of this study has a significant effect on the work environment by 72% on the performance of employees at PT.Budi Anugrah Bersama.Keywords: Working Environment, Employee Performance

A new image encryption algorithm based on ladder transformation and DNA coding

In this paper, a new scrambling algorithm is proposed to reduce the correlation between the image pixels in three directions. In this paper, this algorithm is called ladder scrambling, and the image is scrambled multiple times in the form of diagonal lines. In terms of diffusion, DNA coding is used, and the secondary processing of the image is performed through DNA coding to change the pixel value of the image. The final encrypted image is affected by three conditions: the number of scrambling algorithms, the selection of DNA coding rules, and the key of the chaotic system. Theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the algorithm is safe and effective.

An adaptive, secure and imperceptive image watermarking using swarm intelligence, Arnold transform, SVD and DWT

Digital image watermarking is one of the important method of copyright protection and rightful ownership of the digital image and video. In this paper, the existing algorithm based on DWT-SVD is improved and made adaptive with particle swarm optimization (PSO) which increases the robustness and imperceptibility. Existing as well as proposed algorithm based on PSO creates diagonal line in the extracted watermark image against some of the noise attacks. Further to remove diagonal line from the extracted watermark image an algorithm based on PSO and Arnold transform is proposed. Both proposed algorithms (PSO and AT-PSO) are implemented and tested with different types of cover images. The comparative analysis of these two proposed algorithms is carried out with the existing algorithm. The comparative analysis shows that under most of noise attacks both the proposed algorithms outperform over the existing algorithm in terms of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Normalized Similarity Ratio (NSR). Moreover, the imperceptibility offered by Arnold transform based algorithm is better as compared to the other proposed algorithm. Robustness of both the proposed algorithms is close to each other.

A simple technique of vaginal cuff closure to prevent tumor cell spillage in laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for uterine cervical cancer.

The Laparoscopic Approach to Cervical Cancer (LACC) trial, a prospective randomized phase III clinical trial reported in 2018, unexpectedly showed inferior oncologic outcomes in laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) for cervical cancer compared with those in open surgery. It was proposed that the spillage of tumor cells into the peritoneal cavity might cause the inferiority of LRH. It has been suggested, based on retrospective studies, that transvaginal closure of the vaginal cuff before the colpotomy part of the surgery may prevent this. Before starting colpotomy, we closed the vaginal cuff transvaginally. After the assessment of the cutline of the vagina, the vaginal mucosa is pulled at the eight sites using the sutures. The four pairs of sutures on the diagonal line are ligated. A purse string suture is additionally placed on the vaginal mucosa to close the vaginal cuff completely. After that, we start the intracorporeal colpotomy using a vaginal pipe. Our technique is simple and quick. The blood loss during the transvaginal procedures is minimal. The use of the vaginal pipe helps keep the vaginal cuff closed during the colpotomy. Our technique may be an alternative to the conventional approach closing the vaginal cuff.

A New Approach for Diagonal Line Model of Importance-Performance Analysis: A Case Study of Tourist Satisfaction in China

Two types of importance-performance analysis (IPA), quadrant model and diagonal line model, are applied widely. Some studies have described the advantages of the diagonal line model, but multiple studies have reported disadvantages of direct measures of importance, as used in the traditional diagonal line model. In addition, there is no clear rationale for the use of a 45-degree diagonal line as a distinguishing line in the diagonal line model. This study used the partial correlation coefficient-base of attributes corresponding to overall satisfaction to measure a new importance value to replace direct importance in the traditional method. The new diagonal line reflects the average of the slope formed by the impact of various attributes on overall satisfaction, rather than a 45-degree diagonal line. The new approach was successfully applied to determine a management strategy of tourist satisfaction, and the results confirm the rationality of the studied case and were considered reasonable by appropriate managers.

Migraine with multiple visual symptoms and out-of-body experience may mimic epilepsy

The patient was an 18-year-old man who had suffered from various visual symptoms as follows since he was 17 years old: 1) a diagonal line appeared in his visual field, shifting his upper field of view to the right and his lower field of view to the left; 2) his whole vision seemed distorted with ripples; and 3) black spots covered parts of his visual field and moved up and down. These visual symptoms were followed by out-of-body experience (OBE), which he felt as seeing his own body apart from his left back. Headache attacks followed these symptoms. On brain MRI, bilateral occipital atrophy was suspected. An electroencephalogram showed intermittent irregular delta in the bilateral occipital area. No epileptiform discharges were observed. We finally diagnosed him as having migraine with multiple visual auras and OBE. He was very well treated with a small dose of valproic acid which he tolerated well. OBE rarely occurs in migraine and should be distinguished from epilepsy.