Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology Research Articles

Editorial introductions.

Editorial introductions.

Editorial introductions.

Editorial introductions.

Updates in diagnostic and clinical laboratory immunology from the 30th annual meeting of the Association of Medical Laboratory Immunologists (AMLI)

Updates in diagnostic and clinical laboratory immunology from the 30th annual meeting of the Association of Medical Laboratory Immunologists (AMLI)

Editorial introductions

Editorial introductions

Editorial introductions

Editorial introductions

CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY ( formerly Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology)

CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY ( <i>formerly</i> Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology)

The 30th anniversary of the American Board of Allergy and Immunology: Then and now

Thirty years ago the Allergy Subspecialty Boards of the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) and the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) merged to form the American Board of Allergy and Immunology (ABAI). The ABAI mission was to: establish qualifications and examine physician candidates for certification as specialists in allergy and immunology; serve the public, physicians, hospitals, and medical schools by providing the names of physicians certified by the Board; assist educational and professional organizations to improve the quality of care and availability of allergists to deliver such care, to establish and improve standards for the teaching of allergy and immunology, to establish standards for training programs, and to encourage development of increased opportunities for training of physicians interested in allergy and immunology. This mission statement has guided the activities of the Board ever since by providing a strong focus on the 2 major responsibilities: examining and certifying candidates in a fair objective way, and setting standards for the content and conduct of training programs.

The Serendipity of Life, Medicine, and Science

Dr. Robert Schooley, a graduate of Washington and Lee University, obtained his medical degree from The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in 1974 and completed a residency in internal medicine at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in 1976. Subsequently, he became a clinical associate in the Laboratory of Clinical Investigation at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). While at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from 1976 until 1979, he studied viral pathogenesis and therapy, specifically cellular immunity in Epstein-Barr virus infection. He then completed a clinical and research fellowship in the Infectious Disease Unit at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in 1981. From 1981 until 1990, he was on staff as attending physician at the MGH. Dr. Schooley developed the novel concept of evaluating the cellular immune response to what later became known as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in patients. In 1990, he was named head of the Division of Infectious Diseases at the University of Colorado Health Sciences Center in Denver, Colorado. Dr. Schooley has served on the AIDS Clinical Trials Group–first as Chairman for the Immune Based Therapy Working Group from 1989 to 1992, then as Chairman of the Core Immunology Committee from 1993 to 1995, and most recently as Chairman of the Executive Committee from 1995 to the present. In addition, he has served as chair of the Scientific Program Committee for the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) in 1997 and on advisory committees for the American Foundation for AIDS Research (AMFAR) and the National Hemophilia Foundation. Dr. Schooley has also served on the editorial boards of Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, Biotherapy, Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, AIDS, and Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology. Dr. Schooley has been awarded the New Investigator Award at NIAID as well as the John Enders Memorial Lectureship by the IDSA in 1991. In 1999, he was awarded the Bonfils-Stanton Foundation Award for his remarkable scientific work. In addition, he was named among the Best Doctors in America from 1995 to 1999.

Interleukin 4 in Systemic Sclerosis: Not Just an Increase

Interleukin 4 in Systemic Sclerosis: Not Just an Increase

Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology: evolution of the field and birth of a journal

The roots of clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology are deeply embedded in the history of bacteriology and subsequently microbiology, immunology, and the associated clinical disciplines. Insights into host-microbe interactions in these areas led to tests for the antibodies to infectious agents, autoantibodies, and subsequently cellular immunity. Clinical needs for laboratory testing for the competence of T cells, B cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells have led to the proliferation of the clinical immunology laboratories. During the past half century, such laboratories were initiated primarily through research enterprises. Over the past decade, standardization, quality control, and quality assurance emerged at the same time as the field of clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology emerged from microbiology laboratories and from research immunology laboratories. During the 1980s and due in part to the rapidly developed need for information about HIV and AIDS, cellular immunology laboratories have been established throughout the world. Early on, the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) recognized the growing importance of laboratory immunology and fostered its growth in several domains. In 1974, a committee was founded by the late Irwin Neter which led to the creation of the American Board of Medical Laboratory Immunology in 1978. During the same period, the American Society for Microbiology published the first edition of the Manual of Clinical Immunology, having initiated this important endeavor with Noel R. Rose and Herman Friedman. In addition, the society under the direction of the late Mario Escobar, founded Division V—Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology. These landmark events provided a certifying board, a basis for setting and monitoring standards and performance criteria, and a forum within ASM for members of this growing field. During the same period, articles on diagnostic laboratory immunology were submitted and published more frequently in the Journal of Clinical Microbiology, in sibling journals of ASM, and elsewhere. From, 1983 to 1993, I had the privilege of serving as the immunology editor for the Journal of Clinical Microbiology under the editorship of Henry D. Isenberg. Because the field had expanded significantly, Barbara Iglewski, chair of the ASM Publications Board, formed a committee chaired by James D. Folds in 1993 to examine the possibility of creating a journal devoted exclusively to clinical laboratory immunology. The committee rapidly determined that there was a need for such a publication and recommended that ASM proceed. Thus, Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology was created. It garnered material from outside traditional ASM sources and from both the Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infection and Immunity with encouragement from the respective editors in chief, Richard C. Tilton and Vincent A. Fischetti. I was honored to be appointed editor in chief and with major efforts from many individuals in this field who serve(d) as editors (James D. Folds, David E. Normansell, Noel R. Rose, Stanley A. Schwartz, Steven C. Specter, Daniel P. Stites, and Theresa L. Whiteside), editorial board members, and contributors, Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology was launched in January 1994 and continues to prosper. The journal, which is bimonthly, has not ceased evolving and sets the pace for the field. Just as ASM has evolved during its first century, the field of clinical immunology as well as its literature has emerged from classical immunochemistry into a new era of cellular immunology. Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology too will evolve, addressing the increasing utilization of laser technology, molecular diagnostics, robotics, and unique immune-based therapies in the next millennium.

Monocytes/macrophages in diagnosis and immunopathogenesis.

This article summarizes studies of human monocytes/macrophages carried out in my laboratory over a period of more than three decades. Modern studies of mammalian phagocytes began with Metchnikoff in the late 19th century. The early history of this field is summarized in Table ​Table1.1. In vivo and in vitro studies in animal systems led to the concept of the mononuclear-phagocyte system as a cell system involved in host defenses, phagocytosis, and antigen presentation and processing (11). Following Metchnikoff’s development of phagocyte theory, Wright described opsonins as factors in serum that facilitated phagocytosis. Aschoff defined the reticuloendothelial system as a cellular system in which tissue macrophages and monocytes share important functional characteristics, namely, phagocytic ability and adhesiveness to glass. Subsequently, the histologic development of silver stains by Del Rio-Hortega defined a type of macrophage-related cell in the brain, the microglia. In the mid-1960s, the late Zanvil Cohn and his collaborators carried out seminal studies of mononuclear phagocytes leading to concepts of macrophage differentiation, activation, secretion, and the relationship of macrophages to antigen presentation and processing. My laboratory has had a long-standing commitment to the investigation of human monocytes/macrophages, their normal structure and function, their role in the immunopathogenesis of various disorders, and their functional abnormalities in diseases. TABLE 1 Early history of research on mononuclear phagocytes (This report was presented as the Abbott Award Lecture in Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology at the 97th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology, Miami, Fla., May 1997.)

Genesis and evolution of diagnostic and clinical immunology.

The spectacular success of Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology as a relatively new journal indicates the maturation of immunology as an important component of medical science and practice. This essay reflects upon the birth and rapid development of diagnostic and clinical applications of immunology and draws some lessons for their future.

Introduction to diagnostic laboratory immunology

Introduction to diagnostic laboratory immunology

HIV type 1 coreceptors, neutralization serotypes, and vaccine development.

HIV type 1 coreceptors, neutralization serotypes, and vaccine development.

HIV type 1 isolate Z321, the strain used to make a therapeutic HIV type 1 immunogen, is intersubtype recombinant.

HIV type 1 isolate Z321, the strain used to make a therapeutic HIV type 1 immunogen, is intersubtype recombinant.

PspA and PspC: their potential for use as pneumococcal vaccines.

PspA and PspC: their potential for use as pneumococcal vaccines.

The Erwin Neter Memorial Lecture: looking to the future of medical laboratory immunology, a personal view.

The Erwin Neter Memorial Lecture: looking to the future of medical laboratory immunology, a personal view.

Psychological distress and natural killer cells in gay men with and without HIV infection

The variability of the decline in immune function among those infected by HIV raises the possibility that psychological factors might help to explain the differences. Since studies of other populations have shown natural killer (NK) cells to be affected by psychiatric conditions, the authors examined this relationship in the context of HIV infection, expecting to find fewer NK cells to be associated with greater psychological distress. Forty-six HIV-negative and 74 HIV-positive gay men who were participating in a longitudinal study had NK cells enumerations performed (by staining for CD56) 36 months after entry into the study. Comparisons were made between HIV-negative, HIV-positive asymptomatic, and HIV-positive symptomatic men by using a variety of clinician-rated and self-report measures of psychological function and absolute NK cell number. HIV-negative men had more NK cells than the groups of HIV-positive men. The groups' measures of psychological distress did not differ in any clinically meaningful ways. In general, the presence of DSM-III-R diagnoses and the measures of distress did not relate to NK cell number. NK cell number is not related to measures of psychological distress in these gay men with and without HIV infection.

IgM antibodies directed to HIV: the neglected issue?

AIDS Research and Human RetrovirusesVol. 10, No. 5 IgM Antibodies Directed to HIV: The Neglected Issue?PHILIPPE VAN de PERRE, CLAUDE DESGRANGES, and ARSÈNE BURNYPHILIPPE VAN de PERRESearch for more papers by this author, CLAUDE DESGRANGESSearch for more papers by this author, and ARSÈNE BURNYSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:16 Mar 2009https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.1994.10.517AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByIncreased Serpin A5 levels in the cervicovaginal fluid of HIV-1 exposed seronegatives suggest that a subtle balance between serine proteases and their inhibitors may determine susceptibility to HIV-1 infectionVirology, Vol. 458-459Dissecting the antibody constant region protective immune parameters in HIV infectionFuture Virology, Vol. 9, No. 4Characterization of a Novel Human Anti-HIV-1 gp41 IgM Monoclonal Antibody Designated Clone 37 Chuanhai Cao, Yun Bai, Mary Jolene Holloway, Rebecca L. Edgeworth, Eugene A. Jackson, Joseph Cotropia, and Kenneth E. Ugen10 December 2004 | DNA and Cell Biology, Vol. 23, No. 12Intracellular Neutralization of HIV Transcytosis across Tight Epithelial Barriers by Anti-HIV Envelope Protein dIgA or IgMImmunity, Vol. 9, No. 2Humoral immune response to the capsid components of recombinant adenoviruses: Routes of immunization modulate virus-induced Ig subclass shiftsEuropean Journal of Immunology, Vol. 27, No. 3Immunoglobulin and complement complexes in blood following infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology, Vol. 3, No. 1 Volume 10Issue 5May 1994 To cite this article:PHILIPPE VAN de PERRE, CLAUDE DESGRANGES, and ARSÈNE BURNY.IgM Antibodies Directed to HIV: The Neglected Issue?.AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses.May 1994.517-520.http://doi.org/10.1089/aid.1994.10.517Published in Volume: 10 Issue 5: March 16, 2009PDF download

Bereavement reactions among homosexual men experiencing multiple losses in the AIDS epidemic.

The authors examined whether deaths of lovers and close friends from AIDS increased the frequency of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder in a group of homosexual men. Two hundred seven volunteer male homosexual subjects were interviewed in New York City in 1988 and 1989. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, administered by a clinician, and two self-report symptom checklists. Subjects were evaluated for major depression with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. Each subject also reported the number of lovers and close friends who had died of AIDS 1) since the beginning of the epidemic in 1981 and 2) in the 6 months preceding the interview. Neither the overall level of depressive symptoms, the presence of specific symptom clusters, nor the presence of a diagnosed depressive disorder was related to the number of AIDS deaths a subject reported in either time frame. In contrast, bereavement reactions specific to loss, namely, preoccupation with and searching for the deceased, were more common in subjects with greater numbers of losses. The findings for depressive symptoms and major depression are not readily explained by measurement artifact, overrepresentation of asymptomatic subjects among study volunteers, habituation effects, numbness, or shallowness of attachments in the subjects. Changes in normative expectations regarding AIDS deaths and mobilization against AIDS within the gay community may account for the lack of association between the number of losses resulting from AIDS and the presence of depressive symptoms and depressive disorder.